Taxonomy update for 2013

The taxonomic update for 2013 is now complete in eBird. The names and sequence have been changed and eBird records have been updated in cases of splits and lumps. This update includes updates since August 2012 to the North American Classification Committee and South American Classification Committee, including several splits detailed below. In the United States and Canada the most significant change was the split of Sage Sparrow into Bell’s Sparrow and Sagebrush Sparrow. In Central and South America, Immaculate Antbird was split into Zeledon’s Antbird and Blue-lored Antbird. In addition, there were some changes to scientific names and sequence of shorebirds, Mimidae (mockingbirds and thrashers), and several other groups of birds. Elsewhere in the world, a large number of taxa were split in Southeast and South Asia (especially India), along with a few in Africa, Europe, and Australasia.

The full taxonomy can be downloaded. Also, we have a version of the full taxonomy with changes in common name, scientific name, and new additions highlighted; download that here. For those proficient with spreadsheets, this may be the easiest way to review the changes.

A full summary of the taxonomic changes is below. Since this is a long article, here is a short index:

• Introduction
• Species splits
• Species lumps
• New species
• New subspecies groups
• New hybrids
• New forms
• New domestics
• Common Name changes
• Scientific Name changes

INTRODUCTION

When the taxonomy is updated in eBird, many of the changes are fairly simple to implement. When a common name changes, a scientific name changes, or when the taxonomic sequence is revised, those changes roll through and start appearing in eBird output fairly quickly. Keeping track of name changes is a challenge, and Avibase is one of the best ways to do so. Just type any bird name in Avibase and Avibase will show you what the history of that name is, and–if it differs from eBird–it will show what the eBird equivalent is for that name. Try it for Louisiana Heron, for example.

When species are lumped, eBird usually retains the former species as an identifiable group. In these cases, your records may shift to the lumped form and your totals may (or may not) drop by one. The actual entity that you observed and reported has not changed in any way other than being “demoted” from species to subspecies.

When splits occur, however, the process is more complicated. In many cases, we have had subspecies options available for reporting in anticipation of the split. All these records update automatically to the new species. But when a bird is reported at the species level, and then that species is split, we update the records in eBird to one of the “child” species whenever possible. We try to be very conservative with this. When two species do not overlap in range (i.e., they are allopatric) we go ahead and make the change. When the species do overlap (i.e., are sympatric), and do not have clear seasonal or habitat differences, we usually do not make the change. This results in your records being left as the more conservative “slash” option.

As an example, this year Sage Sparrow (Artimisiospiza belli) was split into Sagebrush Sparrow (Artimisiospiza nevadensis) and Bell’s Sparrow  (Artimisiospiza belli). The two species are largely allopatric and most Great Basin and Northwestern states (and all provinces) that had Sage Sparrows have only recorded Sagebrush Sparrow. Bell’s Sparrow is largely restricted to coastal California, with one desert population breeding into western Nevada and wintering south to Arizona and southeastern California. In this area, they overlap in winter with Sagebrush Sparrow. So for eBird we changed all the records from the areas of no overlap, but records from winter from areas of known overlap remain as the slash option “Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow (Sage Sparrow)”. If you know which one you saw, we encourage you to update your records. If you are not sure (and this is one of the toughest identification issues in North America, so don’t feel bad!), then your data is best listed as the slash option.

One issue with eBird is that reviewing your records of “Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow (Sage Sparrow)” or of “Short-billed/Long-billed Dowitcher” is not currently easy using the My eBird tools. If you know the checklist it is on, you can find the list in “Manage My Observations” and edit it as needed. If you can find your checklist on the range map of “Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow (Sage Sparrow)” here then you can just click on the stickpin for your list and open it from there. But the best option to review your records is to go to My eBird and then click “Download My Data” from the right side. This downloads your entire eBird database as a CSV file that can be opened in Excel or a similar spreadsheet program. From there, you should easily be able to sort by name or search for “Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow (Sage Sparrow)” to find your records. Then you can scroll to the correct date or just replace the Submission ID in the URL for a checklist view. Not the easiest way to review your old Sage Sparrow records, but it does work!

SPECIES SPLITS

The below species were all split in eBird. To see a map of the new species, click “map”. To see you personal lists in My eBird, just make sure you are logged in and click “my records”. If you have seen the species but don’t have any records shown, then please enter your sightings! Below are the splits for this update:

Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata is split into three species, with East Brazilian and Scaled endemic to eastern Brazil:

• Speckled Chachalaca Ortalis guttata [map] [my records]
• East Brazilian Chachalaca Ortalis araucuan [map] [my records]
• Scaled Chachalaca Ortalis squamata [map] [my records]

Horned Curassow Pauxi unicornis is split into two species; Sira Currasow is restricted to an isolated mountain range in Peru:

• Sira Curassow Pauxi koepckeae [map] [my records]
• Horned Curassow Pauxi unicornis [map] [my records]

Changeable Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus limnaeetus is split into two species; Crested Hawk-Eagle occurs in peninsular India and Sri Lanka, while Changeable occurs throughout the rest of the range including much of Southeast Asia.

• Changeable Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus limnaeetus [map] [my records]
• Crested Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus [map] [my records]

Mountain Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus nipalensis is split into two species; Legge’s Hawk-Eagle occurs in peninsular India and Sri Lanka, while Mountain Hawk-Eagle occurs throughout the rest of the range.

• Mountain Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus nipalensis [map] [my records]
• Legge’s Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus kelaarti [map] [my records]

Sapphire Quail-Dove Geotrygon saphirina is split into two species, with Purple Quail-Dove on the west slope of the Andes and Sapphire Quail-Dove in the Amazonia and on the east slope:

• Purple Quail-Dove Geotrygon purpurata [map] [my records]
• Sapphire Quail-Dove Geotrygon saphirina [map] [my records]

Green Imperial-Pigeon Ducula aenea is split into a widespread species and a localized endemic to the Nicobar archipelago:

• Green Imperial-Pigeon Ducula aenea  [map] [my records]
• Nicobar Imperial-Pigeon Ducula nicobarica [map] [my records]

Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus is split into two species, with Gray-bellied Cuckoo in the Indian subcontinent and Plaintive Cuckoo occupying most of the rest of the range in the Himalayas and Southeast Asia

• Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus [map] [my records]
• Gray-bellied Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus [map] [my records]

Asian Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris is split into three species. This was one of the more difficult splits to implement and we strongly encourage yo to check your records (all records were changed to one of these species). Recent authorities agree in general with this split (Rasmussen and Anderton 2005, Payne 2005, Erritzøe et al. 2012), but differ on the details of the composition of each newly recognized species. Our arrangement follows Erritzøe et al. (2012), but note that the taxonomy, and distributions, of these taxa remain poorly known. Moluccan Drongo-Cuckoo is restricted to the Moluccan archipelago, but Square-tailed and Fork-tailed overlap broadly. Fork-tailed appears to predominate on the Indian subcontinent while Square-tailed is more prevalent in the Himalayas; both species overlap in the foothills of northeastern India and in southern China, but those in most of Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia are all Square-tailed. In 2014, eBird will implement a Fork-tailed/Square-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo that will allow for more conservative reporting of these very similar species.

• Square-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculus lugubris [map] [my records]
• Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculus dicruroides [map] [my records]
• Moluccan Drongo-Cuckoo Surniculus musschenbroeki [map] [my records]

Barn Owl Tyto alba is split, with the very localized island archipelago endemic Andaman Masked-Owl being split from the globally distributed and very familiar species Barn Owl:

• Barn Owl Tyto alba [map] [my records]
• Andaman Masked-Owl Tyto deroepstorffi [map] [my records]

Brown Boobook Ninox scutulata (still known by the AOU as Brown Hawk-Owl) is split into two species, with Hume’s Boobook being endemic to the Andaman archipelago:

• Brown Boobook Ninox scutulata [map] [my records]
• Hume’s Boobook Ninox obscura [map] [my records]

The Ninox boobooks of the Philippines are substantially revised, with several splits and newly described species. The former Philippine Hawk-Owl Ninox philippensis is split into five species. Note hat Cebu Boobook Ninox rumseyi and Camiguin Boobook Ninox leventisi are also newly described (see New species) below:

• Luzon Boobook Ninox philippensis [map] [my records]
• Mindanao Boobook Ninox spilocephala [map] [my records]
• Mindoro Boobook Ninox mindorensis [map] [my records]
• Romblon Boobook Ninox spilonotus [map] [my records]
• Sulu Boobook Ninox reyi [map] [my records]

Barred Owlet-Nightjar Aegotheles bennettii is split into two species, with both occurring on the island of New Guinea. Vogelkop Owlet-Nightjar occurs in the west of the island (country of Indonesia) and Barred Owlet-Nightjar in the east (country of Papua New Guinea):

• Vogelkop Owlet-Nightjar Aegotheles affinis [map] [my records]
• Barred Owlet-Nightjar Aegotheles bennettii [map] [my records]

Blue-headed Bee-eater Merops muelleri is split into two species, with Blue-headed occupying the eastern part of the species’ range and Blue-moustached in the west. The two species almost come into contact in Cameroon, so please do check your records carefully if you have observed either species there:

• Blue-headed Bee-eater Merops muelleri [map] [my records]
• Blue-moustached Bee-eater Merops mentalis [map] [my records]

Crimson-fronted Barbet Megalaima rubricapillus is split into two species, with Crimson-fronted Barbet on Sri Lanka and Malabar Barbet in India:

• Malabar Barbet Megalaima malabarica [map] [my records]
• Crimson-fronted Barbet Megalaima rubricapillus [map] [my records]

Chestnut-tipped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus derbianus is split into two species, with Chestnut-tipped Toucanet in the Andes and Tepui Toucanet from Venezuela and Brazil east on the Guianan Shield:

• Chestnut-tipped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus derbianus [map] [my records]
• Tepui Toucanet Aulacorhynchus whitelianus [map] [my records]

Philippine Woodpecker Dendrocopos maculatus is split into two species, with Sulu Woodpecker endemic to the Sulu Archipelago and Philippine Woodpecker occupying the remainder of the range:

• Philippine Woodpecker Dendrocopos maculatus [map] [my records]
• Sulu Woodpecker Dendrocopos ramsayi [map] [my records]

Brown-capped Woodpecker Dendrocopos moluccensis is split into two species, with Brown-capped Woodpecker restricted to India and Sri Lanka and Sunda Woodpecker occupying the disjunct Malay Peninsula and Sulu Archipelago :

• Brown-capped Woodpecker Dendrocopos nanus [map] [my records]
• Sunda Woodpecker Dendrocopos moluccensis [map] [my records]

Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos macei is split into two species, with Fulvous-breasted along the Himalayas from Pakistan to n Myanmar and Freckle-breasted in Southeast Asia from s Myanmar and Thailand to Indonesia:

• Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos macei [map] [my records]
• Freckle-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos analis [map] [my records]

Long-tailed Antbird Drymophila caudata is split into four species, with Streak-headed Antbird being the most widespread and the only one that occurs south of Colombia (Klages’s Antbird barely reaches western Venezuela):

• East Andean Antbird Drymophila caudata [map] [my records]
• Klages’s Antbird Drymophila klagesi [map] [my records]
• Santa Marta Antbird Drymophila hellmayri [map] [my records]
• Streak-headed Antbird Drymophila striaticeps [map] [my records]

Immaculate Antbird Myrmeciza immaculata is split into two species, with Zeledon’s occurring in Central America and western Colombia and Blue-lored occurring east of the Andes. Each species has two identifiable subspecies groups as well:

• Zeledon’s Antbird Myrmeciza zeledoni [map] [my records]
• Zeledon’s Antbird (Zeledon’s) Myrmeciza zeledoni zeledoni [map] 
• Zeledon’s Antbird (Choco) Myrmeciza zeledoni macrorhyncha [map] 
• Blue-lored Antbird Myrmeciza immaculata [map] [my records]
• Blue-lored Antbird (Andean) Myrmeciza immaculata immaculata/brunnea [map] 
• Blue-lored Antbird (Concepcion) Myrmeciza immaculata concepcion [map] 

Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa is split into two species, each with two subspecies groups. Plain-winged Woodcreeper is endemic to Brazil, orthern Argentina, and Paraguay, while Plain-brown Woodcreeper occupies most of the rest of the  range north to Mexico.

• Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa [map] [my records]
• Plain-brown Woodcreeper (Plain-brown) Dendrocincla fuliginosa [meruloides Group] [map] 
• Plain-brown Woodcreeper (Line-throated) Dendrocincla fuliginosa [fuliginosa Group]
   [map] 
• Plain-winged Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina [map] [my records]
• Plain-winged Woodcreeper (Pernambuco) Dendrocincla turdina taunayi [map] 
• Plain-winged Woodcreeper (Plain-winged) Dendrocincla turdina turdina [map] 

Chestnut Wattle-eye Platysteira castanea is split into two species, with West African wattle-Eye occurring from Sierra Leone to Togo and Chestnut Wattle-Eye occupying the rest of the range east to Kenya:

• Chestnut Wattle-eye Platysteira castanea [map] [my records] 
• West African Wattle-eye Platysteira hormophora [map] [my records]

Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus speciosus is split into two species with Orange Minivet occupying the disjunct range in southern India and Sri Lanka and Scarlet Minivet occupying the rest of the species’ range:

• Orange Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus [map] [my records]
• Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus speciosus [map] [my records]

Rufous-tailed Shrike Lanius phoenicuroides is split into two species and the nominate form is renamed to Red-tailed Shrike to minimize confusion; note that Red-tailed Shrike has been known as Turkestan Shrike at times. This was one of the most confusing splits to implement, since the two species overlap broadly in the Middle East and Africa on migration and the wintering grounds. Records not designated to subspecies were left as Red-tailed/Isabelline Shrike. We recommend searching for your records on this map (Red-tailed/Isabelline Shrike map) or, better yet, downloading your data from the My eBird page and reviewing it in excel to make sure that your records are properly assigned. Since these two species are very difficult to identify, we advocate caution in assigning them to species and you should only do so if 100% sure. Records from India, central and northern China, Mongolia, and Russia are probably safely assigned to Isabelline Shrike, as this is east of the normal range of Red-tailed Shrike. Note that Isabelline Shrike retains to subspecies groups for even more specific reporting:

• Red-tailed Shrike Lanius phoenicuroides [map] [my records]
• Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus [map] [my records]
• Isabelline Shrike (Daurian) Lanius isabellinus isabellinus [map] 
• Isabelline Shrike (Chinese) Lanius isabellinus arenarius/tsaidamensis [map] 
• Red-tailed/Isabelline Shrike Lanius phoenicuroides/isabellinus [map]

Pied Fantail Rhipidura javanica is split into two species, with Philippine Pied-Fantail occupying the Philippines and Sulu Archipelago and Malaysian Pied-Fantail occurring throughout the rest of the species’ wide range in Southeast Asia:

• Malaysian Pied-Fantail Rhipidura javanica [map] [my records]
• Philippine Pied-Fantail Rhipidura nigritorquis [map] [my records]

Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus is split into two species, with highly disjunct ranges: Iberian Magpie is restricted to Spain and Portugal while Azure-winged Magpie occurs in east Asia. Azure-winged Magpie has two distinct subspecies groups as well, which are new options with this update:

• Iberian Magpie Cyanopica cooki [map] [my records]
• Azure-winged Magpie Cyanopica cyanus [map] [my records]
• Azure-winged Magpie (Azure-winged) Cyanopica cyanus [cyanus Group] [map] 
• Azure-winged Magpie (Japanese) Cyanopica cyanus japonica [map]

Short-tailed Magpie Cissa thalassina is split into two species, both island endemics:

• Javan Green-Magpie Cissa thalassina [map] [my records]
• Bornean Green-Magpie Cissa jefferyi [map] [my records]

Torresian Crow Corvus orru is split into two species, with Bismarck Crow endemic to the Bismarck Archipelago and Torresian Crow occupying the rest of the wide range in New Guinea and Australia:

• Torresian Crow Corvus orru [map] [my records]
• Bismarck Crow Corvus insularis [map] [my records]

Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica is split into two species, with Hill Swallow restricted to southern India and Sri Lanka, and Pacific Swallow occurring widely in Southeast Asia (including the Andaman Islands of India):

• Pacific Swallow Hirundo tahitica [map] [my records] 
• Hill Swallow Hirundo domicola [map] [my records]

Great Tit Parus major is split into three species (see also “lumps”, since Turkestan Tit has been lumped):

• Great Tit Parus major [map] [my records]
• Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus [map] [my records]
• Japanese Tit Parus minor [map] [my records]

Silver-throated Tit Aegithalos glaucogularis , endemic to northeastern China, is split from the widespread species Long-tailed Tit. If you had reported Long-tailed Tit in China please double-check your records in eBird. the two species apparently overlap slightly in winter, so those records should be checked extra carefully:

• Silver-throated Tit Aegithalos glaucogularis [map] [my records]
• Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus [map] [my records]

Hodgson’s Treecreeper Certhia hodgsoni is split from the widespread Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris; Hodgson’s Treecreeper occurs in the Himalayas and adjacent foothills.

• Hodgson’s Treecreeper Certhia hodgsoni [map] [my records]
• Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris [map] [my records]

Brown-throated Treecreeper Certhia discolor is split into two species, each of which assumes a new name; Hume’s Treecreeper is a bird of the Himalayas while Sikkim Treecreeper occurs from ne India through much of Southeast Asia.

• Sikkim Treecreeper Certhia discolor [map] [my records]
• Hume’s Treecreeper Certhia manipurensis [map] [my records]

Spotted Creeper Salpornis spilonotus is split into widely disjunct species two species:

• African Spotted-Creeper Salpornis salvadori [map] [my records]
• Indian Spotted-Creeper Salpornis spilonotus [map] [my records]

Cobb’s Wren Troglodytes cobbi is split from the widespread House Wren. Cobb’s Wren is endemic to the Falkland Islands:

• Cobb’s Wren Troglodytes cobbi [map] [my records]

Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler Horornis acanthizoides is split into two species; Hume’s Bush-Warbler occurs in the Himalayas while Yellowish-bellied occurs in two disjunct areas of China as wel las the island of Taiwan.

• Hume’s Bush-Warbler Horornis brunnescens [map] [my records]
• Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler Horornis acanthizoides [map] [my records]

There were a number of revisions to nightingale-warblers from the South Pacific, all discussed in full on the Clements updates and corrections. These included recognition of Sapian Reed-Warbler, Mangarava Reed-Warbler, Pagan Reed-Warbler, and Aguiguan Reed-Warbler as distinct from Nightingale Reed-Warbler (the latter three are all extinct), split of Marquesan Reed-Warbler into Northern Marquesan Reed-Warbler and Southern Marquesan Reed-Warbler.

• Nightingale Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus luscinius [map] [my records]
• Saipan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus hiwae [map] [my records]
• Aguiguan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus nijoi [map] [my records]
• Southern Marquesan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus mendanae [map] [my records]
• Pagan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae [map] [my records]
• Society Islands Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus musae [map] [my records]
• Northern Marquesan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus percernis [map] [my records]
• Mangareva Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus astrolabii [map] [my records]

Spotted Bush-Warbler Locustella thoracica is split into three species:

• Baikal Bush-Warbler Locustella davidi [map] [my records]
• West Himalayan Bush-Warbler Locustella kashmirensis [map] [my records]
• Spotted Bush-Warbler Locustella thoracica [map] [my records]

Green-backed Tailorbird Orthotomus chloronotus, endemic to Luzon in the Philippines, is split from the widespread Dark-necked Tailorbird Orthotomus atrogularis:

• Dark-necked Tailorbird Orthotomus atrogularis [map] [my records]
• Green-backed Tailorbird Orthotomus chloronotus [map] [my records]

Rufous-headed Parrotbill Paradoxornis ruficeps is split into two species:

• White-breasted Parrotbill Psittiparus ruficeps [map] [my records]
• Rufous-headed Parrotbill Psittiparus bakeri [map] [my records]

Rufous-rumped Grassbird Graminicola bengalensis is split into two species, with Indian Grassbird occurring from India to n Myanmar and Chinese Grassbird occurring in China and Southeast Asia; several populations of Chinese Grassbird are near extinction.

• Indian Grassbird Graminicola bengalensis [map] [my records]
• Chinese Grassbird Graminicola striatus [map] [my records]

Gray-cheeked Fulvetta Alcippe morrisonia is split into four species, which do not overlap in range:

• Gray-cheeked Fulvetta Alcippe morrisonia [map] [my records] – now a Taiwan endemic
• Yunnan Fulvetta Alcippe fratercula [map] [my records]
• David’s Fulvetta Alcippe davidi [map] [my records]
• Huet’s Fulvetta Alcippe hueti [map] [my records]

Common Babbler Turdoides caudata is split into two species, with Common Babbler occurring in the eastern part of the range and Afghan Babbler occurring in the western portions:

• Afghan Babbler Turdoides huttoni [map] [my records]
• Common Babbler Turdoides caudata [map] [my records]

The former species Gray-breasted Laughingthrush Garrulax jerdoni the subspecies Garrulax jerdoni jerdoni is transferred to Garrulax cachinnans (formerly Rufous-breasted Laughingthrush, now Black-chinned Laughingthrush). The two remaining subspecies of Gray-breasted Laughingthrush, fairbanki and meridionalis, are split as a separate species Kerala Laughingthrush and thus Gray-breasted Laughingthrush is no longer available as a species:

• Black-chinned Laughingthrush Trochalopteron cachinnans [map] [my records]
• Kerala Laughingthrush Trochalopteron fairbanki [map] [my records]

The Eastern Crimson Sunbird subspecies Aethopyga siparaja magnifica is elevated to species rank and becomes Magnificent Sunbird, restricted to the Philippines:

• Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja [map] [my records]
• Magnificent Sunbird Aethopyga magnifica [map] [my records]

Flaming Sunbird Aethopyga flagrans is split into two species: Flaming Sunbird and Maroon-naped Sunbird:

• Flaming Sunbird Aethopyga flagrans [map] [my records]
• Maroon-naped Sunbird Aethopyga guimarasensis [map] [my records]

Metallic-winged Sunbird Aethopyga pulcherrima is split into three monotypic species: Metallic-winged Sunbird, Mountain Sunbird, and Bohol Sunbird.

• Metallic-winged Sunbird Aethopyga pulcherrima [map] [my records]
• Mountain Sunbird Aethopyga jefferyi [map] [my records]
• Bohol Sunbird Aethopyga decorosa [map] [my records]

Mount Apo Sunbird Aethopyga boltoni is split into two species: Apo Sunbird and Tboli Sunbird:

• Apo Sunbird Aethopyga boltoni [map] [my records]
• Tboli Sunbird Aethopyga tibolii [map] [my records]

Monte Yellow-Finch Sicalis mendozae endemic to a small area in Argentina, is split from the widespread Greenish Yellow-Finch Sicalis olivascens:

• Greenish Yellow-Finch Sicalis olivascens [map] [my records]
• Monte Yellow-Finch Sicalis mendozae [map] [my records]

Sage Sparrow Artemisiospiza belli is split into two species. Although the ranges do not overlap in the breeding season they do come into contact near Mono Lake, California. In migration and winter they do overlap extensively. The result was that we were unable to convert records to one or the other species if reported from southeastern California, southern Nevada, or southwestern Arizona between 1 April and 15 September. We strongly recommend downloading your records (go to My eBird > Download My Data) and reviewing your records of Bell’s Sparrow, Sagebrush Sparrow and Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow. Please do edit your checklists if you know which species you observed.

• Sagebrush Sparrow Artemisiospiza nevadensis [map] [my records]
• Bell’s Sparrow Artemisiospiza belli [map] [my records]

Within Bell’s Sparrow, eBird now has the following groups

• Bell’s Sparrow (Bell’s) Artemisiospiza belli belli [map]
• Bell’s Sparrow (San Clemente) Artemisiospiza belli clementeae [map]
• Bell’s Sparrow (Gray) Artemisiospiza belli cinerea [map]
  

And a slash option is also retained, so that birds not identified to species can be reported. We encourage conservative reporting, especially in winter from areas of known overlap (e.g., southeastern California and southwestern Arizona).

Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow (Sage Sparrow) Artemisiospiza belli/nevadensis [map]

LUMPS

Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris and Indochinese Swiftlet Aerodramus rogersi are lumped as Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris [map] [my records], with the two former species retained as subspecies groups:

• Himalayan Swiftlet (Himalayan) Aerodramus brevirostris brevirostris/innominatus [map] [my records]
• Himalayan Swiftlet (Indochinese) Aerodramus brevirostris rogersi [map] [my records]

Violet-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica and Green-crowned Woodnymph Thalurania fannyi are lumped as Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica [map] [my records], with the former species retained as forms, which are themselves groups of the existing two subspecies groups for each of the two former species:

• Crowned Woodnymph (Violet-crowned Woodnymph) Thalurania colombica (Violet-crowned Woodnymph) [map]
• Crowned Woodnymph (Northern Violet-crowned) Thalurania colombica venusta/townsendi [map] 
• Crowned Woodnymph (Colombian Violet-crowned) Thalurania colombica colombica/rostrifera [map]
• Crowned Woodnymph (Green-crowned Woodnymph) Thalurania colombica (Green-crowned Woodnymph) [map]
• Crowned Woodnymph (Northern Green-crowned) Thalurania colombica [fannyi Group] [map] 
• Crowned Woodnymph (Emerald-bellied) Thalurania colombica hypochlora [map]

Sira Barbet Capito fitzpatricki is lumped with Scarlet-banded Barbet Capito wallacei [map] [my records], with the former species retained as forms, which are themselves groups of the existing two subspecies groups for each of the two former species:

• Scarlet-banded Barbet (Scarlet-banded) Capito wallacei wallacei [map]
• Scarlet-banded Barbet (Sira) Capito wallacei fitzpatricki [map]

Black-crested Tit Periparus melanolophus is lumped with Coal Tit Periparus ater [map] [my records]; see also the new Coal subspecies groups under additions below. Coal Tit (Black-crested) Periparus ater melanolophus [map] is retained as a group.

Turkestan Tit Parus bokharensis is lumped with Great Tit Parus major [map] [my records]. See also the three-way split of Great Tit in splits above. Great Tit (Turkestan) Parus major [bokharensis Group] [map] is retained as a subspecies group.

Yellow-breasted Tit Cyanistes cyanus [flavipectus Group] is lumped with Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus [flavipectus Group]. The two former species are retained as subspecies groups

• Azure Tit (Azure) Cyanistes cyanus [cyanus Group] [map] [my records]
• Azure Tit (Yellow-breasted) Cyanistes cyanus [flavipectus Group] [map] [my records]

NEW SPECIES

• Kangaroo Island Emu Dromaius baudinianus – newly recognized, but extinct
• Crested Hawk-Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus – split from Changeable Hawk-Eagle
• Seram Masked-Owl Tyto almae – newly described
• Rinjani Scops-Owl Otus jolandae – newly described
• Mindanao Boobook Ninox spilocephala – split from Philippine Hawk-Owl (which is now renamed Luzon Boobook after the split)
• Mindoro Boobook Ninox mindorensis – split from Philippine Hawk-Owl (which is now renamed Luzon Boobook after the split)
• Romblon Boobook Ninox spilonotus – split from Philippine Hawk-Owl (which is now renamed Luzon Boobook after the split)
• Cebu Boobook Ninox rumseyi – newly described
• Camiguin Boobook Ninox leventisi – newly described
• Sulu Boobook Ninox reyi – split from Philippine Hawk-Owl (which is now renamed Luzon Boobook after the split)
• Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris – new taxon from the lump of Himalayan and Indochinese Swiftlets, which are retained as groups
• Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica – new taxon from the lump of Violet-crowned and Green-crowned Woodnymphs, which are retained as forms (each consisting of two field identifiable subspecific forms)
• Blue-moustached Bee-eater Merops mentalis – split from Blue-headed Bee-eater
• Western Puffbird Nystalus obamai – newly described
• Scarlet-banded Barbet Capito wallacei – new taxon due to the lump of the former Scarlet-banded Barbet and Sira Barbet
• Freckle-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos analis – split from Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker
• Roosevelt Antwren Epinecrophylla dentei – newly described
• Bamboo Antwren Myrmotherula oreni – newly described
• Klages’s Antbird Drymophila klagesi – split from former Long-taield Antbird
• Santa Marta Antbird Drymophila hellmayri – split from former Long-taield Antbird
• Streak-headed Antbird Drymophila striaticeps – split from former Long-taield Antbird
• Manicore Warbling-Antbird Hypocnemis rondoni – newly described
• Zeledon’s Antbird Myrmeciza zeledoni – split from former Immaculate Antbird
• Plain-winged Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina – split from Plain-brown Woodcreeper
• Xingu Woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes retentus – newly described
• Tupana Scythebill Campylorhamphus gyldenstolpei – newly described
• Tapajos Scythebill Campylorhamphus cardosoi – newly described
• Inambari Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes fatimalimae – newly described
• Chico’s Tyrannulet Zimmerius chicomendesi – newly described
• Acre Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus cohnhafti – newly described
• Sucunduri Flycatcher Tolmomyias sucunduri – newly described
• West African Wattle-eye Platysteira hormophora – split from Chestnut Wattle-eye
• Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus – split from Red-tailed Shrike
• Philippine Pied-Fantail Rhipidura nigritorquis – split from Malaysian Pied-Fantail
• Campina Jay Cyanocorax hafferi – newly described
• Bornean Green-Magpie Cissa jefferyi – split from Javan Green-Magpie (formerly Short-tailed Magpie)
• Inambari Gnatcatcher Polioptila attenboroughi –
• Saipan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus hiwae – split from Nightingale Reed-Warbler
• Aguiguan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus nijoi – split from Nightingale Reed-Warbler
• Pagan Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae – split from Nightingale Reed-Warbler
• Society Islands Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus musae – split from Tahiti Reed-Warbler
• Mangareva Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus astrolabii – split from Nightingale Reed-Warbler
• Cambodian Tailorbird Orthotomus chaktomuk – newly described
• Green-backed Tailorbird Orthotomus chloronotus – split from Dark-necked Tailorbird
• Chinese Grassbird Graminicola striatus – split from the former Rufous-rumped Grassbird
• Kerala Laughingthrush Trochalopteron fairbanki – split from the former Rufous-breasted Laughingthrush
• Magnificent Sunbird Aethopyga magnifica – split from Crimson Sunbird
• Maroon-naped Sunbird Aethopyga guimarasensis – split from Flaming Sunbird
• Metallic-winged Sunbird Aethopyga pulcherrima – split from division of Metallic-winged Sunbird into three species
• Mountain Sunbird Aethopyga jefferyi – split from division of Metallic-winged Sunbird into three species
• Bohol Sunbird Aethopyga decorosa – split from division of Metallic-winged Sunbird into three species
• Tboli Sunbird Aethopyga tibolii – split from Mount Apo Sunbird
• Monte Yellow-Finch Sicalis mendozae – split from Greenish Yellow-Finch
• Bell’s Sparrow Artemisiospiza belli – split from Sage Sparrow

NEW SUBSPECIES GROUPS

These subspecies groups are all new options in the eBird taxonomy. The ranges of all of these are available from the Clements taxonomy, which also lists the subspecies that comprise each group. Many represent potential future splits; we encourage reporting of any of these if you are confident that you understand this subspecies option and how to identify it. Several species with have specific notes to minimize confusion.

• Takahe (North Island) Porphyrio mantelli mantelli
• Takahe (South Island) Porphyrio mantelli hochstetteri
• Tristan Moorhen (Tristan) Gallinula nesiotis nesiotis
• Tristan Moorhen (Gough) Gallinula nesiotis comeri
• Slender-billed Cuckoo-Dove (Pale-fronted) Macropygia amboinensis albicapilla/sanghirensis
• Slender-billed Cuckoo-Dove (Rusty-fronted) Macropygia amboinensis [amboinensis Group]
• Green Imperial-Pigeon (Maroon-naped) Ducula aenea nuchalis
• Green Imperial-Pigeon (Rufous-naped) Ducula aenea paulina
• Red-knobbed Imperial-Pigeon (Pink-necked) Ducula rubricera rubricera
• Red-knobbed Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-necked) Ducula rubricera rufigula
• Spice Imperial-Pigeon (Pink-naped) Ducula myristicivora myristicivora
• Spice Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-naped) Ducula myristicivora geelvinkiana
• Cinnamon-bellied Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-naped) Ducula basilica basilica
• Cinnamon-bellied Imperial-Pigeon (Golden-naped) Ducula basilica obiensis
• Rufescent Imperial-Pigeon (Purple-rumped) Ducula chalconota chalconota
• Rufescent Imperial-Pigeon (Green-rumped) Ducula chalconota smaragdina
• Pinon Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-headed) Ducula pinon [pinon Group]
• Pinon Imperial-Pigeon (Pink-headed) Ducula pinon salvadorii
• Dark-backed Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-headed) Ducula lacernulata lacernulata
• Dark-backed Imperial-Pigeon (Pink-headed) Ducula lacernulata williami
• Dark-backed Imperial-Pigeon (Gray-crowned) Ducula lacernulata sasakensis
• Greater Coucal (Greater) Centropus sinensis [sinensis Group]
• Greater Coucal (Southern) Centropus sinensis parroti
• Great Lizard-Cuckoo (Bahama) Coccyzus merlini bahamensis
• Great Lizard-Cuckoo (Cuban) Coccyzus merlini [merlini Group]
• Lesser Masked-Owl (Buru) Tyto sororcula cayelii
• Lesser Masked-Owl (Tanimbar) Tyto sororcula sororcula
• Sunda Scops-Owl (Sunda) Otus lempiji [lempiji Group]
• Sunda Scops-Owl (Singapore) Otus lempiji cnephaeus
• Moluccan Scops-Owl (Moluccan) Otus magicus [magicus Group]
• Moluccan Scops-Owl (Wetar) Otus magicus tempestatis
• Sulawesi Scops-Owl (Kalidupa) Otus manadensis kalidupae
• Koepcke’s Screech-Owl (Koepcke’s) Megascops koepckeae koepckeae
• Boreal Owl (Tengmalm’s) Aegolius funereus [funereus Group]
• Boreal Owl (Richardson’s) Aegolius funereus richardsoni
• Barred Owlet-Nightjar (Barred) Aegotheles bennettii bennettii/wiedenfeldi
• Barred Owlet-Nightjar (Dwarf) Aegotheles bennettii plumifer
• African Swift (Fernando Po) Apus barbatus sladeniae
• African Swift (African) Apus barbatus [barbatus Group]
• Philippine Dwarf-Kingfisher (Luzon) Ceyx melanurus melanurus
• Philippine Dwarf-Kingfisher (Samar) Ceyx melanurus samarensis
• Philippine Dwarf-Kingfisher (Mindanao) Ceyx melanurus mindanensis
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Dimorphic) Ceyx lepidus margarethae
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Sula) Ceyx lepidus wallacii
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (North Moluccan) Ceyx lepidus uropygialis
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Seram) Ceyx lepidus lepidus
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Buru) Ceyx lepidus cajeli
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (New Guinea) Ceyx lepidus solitarius
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Manus) Ceyx lepidus dispar
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (New Ireland) Ceyx lepidus mulcatus
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (New Britain) Ceyx lepidus sacerdotis
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Bougainville) Ceyx lepidus pallidus
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (New Georgia) Ceyx lepidus collectoris
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (North Solomons) Ceyx lepidus meeki
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Malaita) Ceyx lepidus malaitae
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Guadalcanal) Ceyx lepidus nigromaxilla
• Variable Dwarf-Kingfisher (Makira) Ceyx lepidus gentianus
• Striolated Puffbird (Natterer’s) Nystalus striolatus striolatus
• Striolated Puffbird (Eastern) Nystalus striolatus torridus
• American Kestrel (Southeastern) Falco sparverius paulus
• Orange-breasted Fig-Parrot (Dusky-cheeked) Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii [melanogenia Group]
• Orange-breasted Fig-Parrot (Orange-breasted) Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii gulielmitertii
• Orange-breasted Fig-Parrot (Black-fronted) Cyclopsitta gulielmitertii [nigrifrons Group]
• Painted Parakeet (Venezuelan) Pyrrhura picta emma/auricularis
• Santarem Parakeet (Cristalino) Pyrrhura amazonum lucida
• Rose-fronted Parakeet (Garlepp’s) Pyrrhura roseifrons parvifrons
• Stipple-throated Antwren (Negro) Epinecrophylla haematonota pyrrhonota
• Stipple-throated Antwren (Napo) Epinecrophylla haematonota haematonota
• Stipple-throated Antwren (Madeira) Epinecrophylla haematonota amazonica
• Ihering’s Antwren (Purus) Myrmotherula iheringi heteroptera
• Ihering’s Antwren (Ihering’s) Myrmotherula iheringi iheringi
• Xingu Scale-backed Antbird (Xingu) Willisornis vidua vidua note: this subspecies was formerly omitted from Xingu Scale-backed Antbird
• Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper (Napo) Dendrocolaptes certhia radiolatus
• Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper (Amazonian) Dendrocolaptes certhia certhia
• Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper (Jurua) Dendrocolaptes certhia juruanus/polyzonus
• Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper (Plain-colored) Dendrocolaptes certhia concolor
• Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper (Ridgway’s) Dendrocolaptes certhia ridgwayi
• Amazonian Barred-Woodcreeper (Todd’s) Dendrocolaptes certhia medius
• Curve-billed Scythebill (Zimmer’s) Campylorhamphus procurvoides sanus
• Curve-billed Scythebill (Curve-billed) Campylorhamphus procurvoides procurvoides
• Curve-billed Scythebill (Rondonia) Campylorhamphus procurvoides probatus
• Curve-billed Scythebill (Snethlage’s) Campylorhamphus procurvoides multostriatus
• Lineated Woodcreeper (Lineated) Lepidocolaptes albolineatus albolineatus
• Lineated Woodcreeper (Duida) Lepidocolaptes albolineatus duidae
• Lineated Woodcreeper (Rondonia) Lepidocolaptes albolineatus fuscicapillus
• Lineated Woodcreeper (Layard’s) Lepidocolaptes albolineatus layardi
• Long-tailed Cinclodes (Cipo) Cinclodes pabsti espinhacensis
• Long-tailed Cinclodes (Long-tailed) Cinclodes pabsti pabsti
• Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner (Olive-backed) Automolus infuscatus infuscatus/purusianus
• Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner (Olive-capped) Automolus infuscatus cervicalis/badius
• Ruddy Foliage-gleaner (Rusty) Automolus rubiginosus [rubiginosus Group]
• Ruddy Foliage-gleaner (Black-tailed) Automolus rubiginosus [nigricauda Group]
• Ruddy Foliage-gleaner (Cinnamon-throated) Automolus rubiginosus cinnamomeigula
• Ruddy Foliage-gleaner (Dusky) Automolus rubiginosus [obscurus Group]
• Ruddy Foliage-gleaner (Watkins’s) Automolus rubiginosus watkinsi
• Paltry Tyrannulet (Venezuelan) Zimmerius vilissimus petersi note: This subspecies is removed from the group formerly known as Paltry Tyrannulet (Venezuelan) and recognized as its own group by that name; the former group is now called Paltry Tyrannulet (Mountain) and occurs primarily in Colombia and barely into western Venezuela
• Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye (West African) Platysteira concreta concreta
• Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye (Angolan) Platysteira concreta ansorgei
• Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye (Central African) Platysteira concreta graueri
• Yellow-bellied Wattle-eye (Kungwe) Platysteira concreta kungwensis
• White-vented Whistler (Sulu) Pachycephala homeyeri homeyeri
• White-vented Whistler (Cebu) Pachycephala homeyeri major
• White-vented Whistler (White-vented) Pachycephala homeyeri winchelli
• Southern Fiscal (Uhehe) Lanius collaris marwitzi
• Southern Fiscal (Fiscal) Lanius collaris [collaris Group]
• Variable Pitohui (Northern) Pitohui kirhocephalus [kirhocephalus Group]
• Variable Pitohui (Southern) Pitohui kirhocephalus [uropygialis Group]
• Variable Pitohui (Raja Ampat) Pitohui kirhocephalus cervineiventris/pallidus
• Cockerell’s Fantail (White-winged) Rhipidura cockerelli [cockerelli Group]
• Cockerell’s Fantail (Dot-breasted) Rhipidura cockerelli lavellae
• Cockerell’s Fantail (Black-breasted) Rhipidura cockerelli albina
• Cockerell’s Fantail (Spot-breasted) Rhipidura cockerelli coultasi
• Northern Fantail (Gray-backed) Rhipidura rufiventris obiensis
• Northern Fantail (Rusty-bellied) Rhipidura rufiventris bouruensis
• Northern Fantail (Plain) Rhipidura rufiventris [gularis Group]
• Northern Fantail (Speckle-throated) Rhipidura rufiventris tenkatei
• Northern Fantail (Cream-bellied) Rhipidura rufiventris [rufiventris Group]
• Northern Fantail (Slaty) Rhipidura rufiventris vidua/kordensis
• Northern Fantail (Chin-spot) Rhipidura rufiventris nigromentalis
• Northern Fantail (Melanesian) Rhipidura rufiventris [setosa Group]
• Rufous Fantail (Moluccan) Rhipidura rufifrons torrida
• Rufous Fantail (Gray-tailed) Rhipidura rufifrons louisiadensis
• Rufous Fantail (Guam) Rhipidura rufifrons uraniae
• Rufous Fantail (Marianas) Rhipidura rufifrons saipanensis/mariae
• Rufous Fantail (Yap) Rhipidura rufifrons versicolor
• Rufous Fantail (White-fronted) Rhipidura rufifrons melaenolaema/utupuae
• Rufous Fantail (Brown-capped) Rhipidura rufifrons agilis
• Rufous Fantail (Brown-backed) Rhipidura rufifrons [rufofronta Group]
• Rufous Fantail (Rufous-backed) Rhipidura rufifrons russata/kuperi
• Rufous Fantail (Dark-throated) Rhipidura rufifrons ugiensis
• Rufous Fantail (Rufous-fronted) Rhipidura rufifrons rufifrons/intermedia
• Gray Fantail (Melanesian) Rhipidura albiscapa [pelzelni Group]
• Gray Fantail (Australian) Rhipidura albiscapa [albiscapa Group]
• Azure-winged Magpie (Japanese) Cyanopica cyanus japonica split from Azure-winged Magpie (Asian)
• White-winged Magpie (Black-tailed) Urocissa whiteheadi xanthomelana
• White-winged Magpie (Gray-tailed) Urocissa whiteheadi whiteheadi
• Common Green-Magpie (Common) Cissa chinensis [chinensis Group]
• Common Green-Magpie (Yellow-crowned) Cissa chinensis margaritae
• Coal Tit (British) Periparus ater britannicus/hibernicus
• Coal Tit (Continental) Periparus ater [ater Group]
• Coal Tit (Atlas) Periparus ater ledouci/atlas
• Coal Tit (Cyprus) Periparus ater cypriotes
• Coal Tit (Caucasus) Periparus ater [phaeonotus Group]
• Coal Tit (Himalayan) Periparus ater aemodius/rufipectus
• Coal Tit (Chinese) Periparus ater ptilosus/kuatunensis
• Azure Tit (Azure) Cyanistes cyanus [cyanus Group] new taxon from the lump of Azure Tit and Yellow-breasted Tit; this is the form refers to the former (pre-lumped) Azure Tit
• House Wren (Dominica) Troglodytes aedon rufescens note: House Wren (Caribbean) is deleted and replaced with the below island-specific options. Note that several are extinct.
• House Wren (Martinique) Troglodytes aedon martinicensis
• House Wren (St. Lucia) Troglodytes aedon mesoleucus
• House Wren (Guadeloupe) Troglodytes aedon guadeloupensis
• House Wren (St. Vincent) Troglodytes aedon musicus
• House Wren (Grenada) Troglodytes aedon grenadensis
• Marsh Wren (Worthington’s) Cistothorus palustris griseus note: Marsh Wren (Eastern) is split into Marsh Wren (Eastern) and Marsh Wren (Worthington’s), with the latter restricted to marshes in the southeastern USA
• Clamorous Reed-Warbler (Clamorous) Acrocephalus stentoreus stentoreus/levantinus
• Mrs. Moreau’s Warbler (Mrs. Moreau’s) Scepomycter winifredae winifredae
• Mrs. Moreau’s Warbler (Rubeho) Scepomycter winifredae rubehoensis
• Wailing Cisticola (Lyne’s) Cisticola lais distinctus
• Wailing Cisticola (Wailing) Cisticola lais [lais Group]
• African Hill Babbler (African) Sylvia abyssinica [abyssinica Group]
• African Hill Babbler (Ruwenzori) Sylvia abyssinica atriceps
• Black-throated Parrotbill (Black-throated) Suthora nipalensis nipalensis/crocotius
• Black-throated Parrotbill (Orange-eared) Suthora nipalensis humii
• Black-throated Parrotbill (Gray-breasted) Suthora nipalensis poliotis/feae
• Black-throated Parrotbill (Buff-breasted) Suthora nipalensis ripponi/patriciae
• Black-throated Parrotbill (Black-eared) Suthora nipalensis beaulieu/kamoli
• Black-chinned Laughingthrush (Nilgiri) Trochalopteron cachinnans jerdoni
• Black-chinned Laughingthrush (Brahmagiri) Trochalopteron cachinnans cachinnans
• Kerala Laughingthrush (Central Kerala) Trochalopteron fairbanki fairbanki
• Kerala Laughingthrush (South Kerala) Trochalopteron fairbanki meridionale
• Mangrove Blue-Flycatcher (Mangrove) Cyornis rufigastra [rufigastra Group]
• Mangrove Blue-Flycatcher (Philippine) Cyornis rufigastra [blythi Group]
• Forest Robin (Olive-backed) Stiphrornis erythrothorax pyrrholaemus
• Black-eared Wheatear (Western) Oenanthe hispanica hispanica
• Black-eared Wheatear (Eastern) Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca
• Crimson Sunbird (Goulpourah) Aethopyga siparaja [seheriae Group]
• Crimson Sunbird (Crimson) Aethopyga siparaja [siparaja Group]
• Crimson Sunbird (Sulawesi) Aethopyga siparaja flavostriata/beccarii
• Eastern Yellow Wagtail (Eastern) Motacilla tschutschensis tschutschensis/plexa note: new group since two other subspecies groups are moved in to Eastern Yellow Wagtail
• Bell’s Sparrow (Mojave) Artemisiospiza belli canescens
• Song Sparrow (Aleutian) Melospiza melodia sanaka/maxima
• Song Sparrow (Interior West) Melospiza melodia montana/merrilli
• Song Sparrow (San Pablo Saltmarsh) Melospiza melodia samuelis
• Song Sparrow (South San Francisco Bay Saltmarsh) Melospiza melodia pusillula
• Red Crossbill (Corsican) Loxia curvirostra corsicana note: With this revision we add a number of tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World (see also “New Forms” below); feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Balearic) Loxia curvirostra balearica
• Red Crossbill (North African) Loxia curvirostra poliogyna
• Red Crossbill (Cyprus) Loxia curvirostra guillemardi
• Red Crossbill (Crimean) Loxia curvirostra mariae
• Red Crossbill (Altai) Loxia curvirostra altaiensis
• Red Crossbill (Tien Shan) Loxia curvirostra tianschanica
• Red Crossbill (Himalayan) Loxia curvirostra himalayensis
• Red Crossbill (Da Lat) Loxia curvirostra meridionalis
• Red Crossbill (Japanese) Loxia curvirostra japonica
• Red Crossbill (Luzon) Loxia curvirostra luzoniensis
• Desert Sparrow (Desert) Passer simplex simplex/saharae
• Desert Sparrow (Zarudny’s) Passer simplex zarudnyi

NEW SPUHS AND SLASHES

The below all refer to newly available spuhs (e.g., scoter sp.) and slash (e.g., Short-billed/Long-billed Dowitcher) options. Please use these options whenever you see a bird but are uncertain of its specific identity. Spuhs and Slashes are unique to the eBird taxonomy; they are not found in the Clements Checklist.

• Greater/Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons/erythropus
• Tundra/Whooper Swan Cygnus columbianus/cygnus
• Ferruginous Duck/Baer’s Pochard Aythya nyroca/baeri
• Masked/Ruddy Duck Nomonyx dominicus/Oxyura jamaicensis
• chachalaca sp. Ortalis sp.
• California/Gambel’s Quail Callipepla californica/gambelii
• Jungle/Rock Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica/argoondah
• grouse sp. Tetraoninae sp.
• Bermuda/Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma cahow/hasitata
• Barolo/Boyd’s Shearwater (Macaronesian Shearwater) Puffinus baroli/boydi
• Black/Markham’s Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma melania/markhami
• Lesser/Greater Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus/dubius
• small bittern sp. Ixobrychus sp.
• tiger-heron sp. Tigrisoma sp.
• Great/Intermediate Egret Ardea alba/Mesophoyx intermedia
• Lesser/Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina/clanga
• Indian/Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata/clanga
• Pallid/Montagu’s Harrier Circus macrourus/pygargus
• Lesser/Gray-headed Fish-Eagle Ichthyophaga humilis/ichthyaetus
• Burhinus sp. Burhinus sp.
• stilt/avocet sp. Recurvirostridae sp.
• Pin-tailed/Swinhoe’s Snipe Gallinago stenura/megala
• Yellow-legged/Caspian Gull Larus michahellis/cachinnans
• Yellow-legged/Caspian/Armenian Gull Larus michahellis/cachinnans/armenicus
• Herring/Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus argentatus/fuscus
• Common/Forster’s Tern Sterna hirundo/forsteri
• gull/tern sp. Laridae sp.
• hawk-cuckoo sp. Hierococcyx sp.
• Common/Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus canorus/optatus
• Himalayan/Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus/optatus
• White-nest/Germain’s Swiftlet (Edible-nest Swiftlet) Aerodramus fuciphagus/germani note: renamed due to consistent confusion about Edible-nest Swiftlet
• Common/Pallid Swift Apus apus/pallidus
• Keel-billed/Broad-billed Motmot Electron carinatum/platyrhynchum
• motmot sp. Momotidae sp.
• Blue-cheeked/Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops persicus/philippinus
• Brown-capped/Gray-capped Woodpecker Dendrocopos nanus/canicapillus
• Lesser/Greater Yellownape Picus chlorolophus/flavinucha
• flameback sp. Dinopium sp.
• Common/Greater Flameback Dinopium javanense/Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus
• hanging-parrot sp. Loriculus sp.
• Brotogeris sp. Brotogeris sp.
• Epinecrophylla sp. Epinecrophylla sp.
• Schistocichla sp. Schistocichla sp.
• Dendrocolaptes sp. Dendrocolaptes sp.
• Slender-billed/Streaked Xenops Xenops tenuirostris/rutilans
• Philydor sp. Philydor sp.
• White-crested/Small-billed Elaenia Elaenia albiceps/parvirostris
• White-throated/Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis/melancholicus
• Philadelphia/Red-eyed Vireo Vireo philadelphicus/olivaceus
• Japanese/Asian Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone atrocaudata/paradisi
• Carrion/Hooded Crow Corvus corone/cornix
• Jerdon’s/Indian Bushlark Mirafra affinis/erythroptera
• Purple/Southern Martin Progne subis/elegans
• Riparia sp. Riparia sp.
• Barn/Pacific Swallow Hirundo rustica/tahitica
• Parid sp. Paridae sp.
• wood-wren sp. Henicorhina sp.
• Japanese/Manchurian Bush-Warbler Horornis diphone/canturians
• Brownish-flanked/Yellow-bellied Bush-Warbler Horornis fortipes/acanthizoides
• bush-warbler sp. Horornis sp.
• Dusky/Radde’s Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus/schwarzi
• Pale-legged/Sakhalin Leaf-Warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes/borealoides
• Paddyfield/Blyth’s Reed-Warbler Acrocephalus agricola/dumetorum
• Hume’s/Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia althaea/curruca
• Cyanoderma sp. Cyanoderma sp.
• babbler sp. Timaliidae sp.
• Ianthocincla sp. Ianthocincla sp.
• Trochalopteron sp. Trochalopteron sp.
• laughingthrush sp. Garrulax/Ianthocincla/Trochalopteron sp.
• Hoary-throated/Streak-throated Barwing Actinodura nipalensis/waldeni
• Asian Brown/Brown-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa latirostris/williamsoni
• rock-thrush sp. Monticola sp.
• Muscicapid sp. Muscicapidae sp.
• Geokichla sp. Geokichla sp.
• Hauxwell’s/Varzea Thrush Turdus hauxwelli/sanchezorum
• black myna sp. Acridotheres sp. (black myna sp.)
• Acridotheres sp. Acridotheres sp.
• Daurian/Chestnut-cheeked Starling Sturnia sturnina/philippensis
• myna/starling sp. Sturnidae sp.
• Tree/Olive-backed Pipit Anthus trivialis/hodgsoni
• Water/Rock Pipit Anthus spinoletta/littoralis
• Water/American Pipit Anthus spinoletta/rubescens
• Thlypopsis sp. Thlypopsis sp.
• Thraupis sp. Thraupis sp.
• Brown/Gray-headed Bullfinch Pyrrhula nipalensis/erythaca
• Purple/Cassin’s Finch Haemorhous purpureus/cassinii
• Haemorhous sp. Haemorhous sp. note: Carpodacus sp. Should not be used in North America
• Common/Lesser Redpoll Acanthis flammea/cabaret
• redpoll sp. Acanthis sp.
• House/Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer domesticus/montanus

NEW HYBRIDS

eBird has a long list of field identifiable hybrids. These are always listed in taxonomic order (the species that comes first sequentially is listed first) and are always followed by “hybrid”. If you identified a hybrid, especially any of the below, please do report it to eBird (hopefully with photos)! The below list has one new intergrade (a hybrid between subspecies groups) under Dark-eyed Junco. Hybrids and intergrades are unique to the eBird taxonomy; they are not found in the Clements Checklist.

• Spotted x White-faced Whistling-Duck (hybrid) Dendrocygna guttata x viduata
• Brant x Cackling Goose (hybrid) Branta bernicla x hutchinsii
• Gadwall x Eurasian Wigeon (hybrid) Anas strepera x penelope
• Gadwall x American Wigeon (hybrid) Anas strepera x americana
• Northern Pintail x Green-winged Teal (hybrid) Anas acuta x crecca
• Hooded x Common Merganser (hybrid) Lophodytes cucullatus x Mergus merganser
• Greater Sage-Grouse x Sharp-tailed Grouse (hybrid) Centrocercus urophasianus x Tympanuchus phasianellus
• Sharp-tailed Grouse x Greater Prairie-Chicken (hybrid) Tympanuchus phasianellus x cupido
• Milky x Painted Stork (hybrid) Mycteria cinerea x leucocephala
• Snowy Egret x Tricolored Heron (hybrid) Egretta thula x tricolor
• Red-tailed x Rough-legged Hawk (hybrid) Buteo jamaicensis x lagopus
• Black-necked Stilt x American Avocet (hybrid) Himantopus mexicanus x Recurvirostra americana
• Great Knot x Surfbird (hybrid) Calidris tenuirostris x virgata
• Slender-billed x Brown-headed Gull (hybrid) Chroicocephalus genei x brunnicephalus
• Roseate x Common Tern (hybrid) Sterna dougallii x hirundo
• Chilean Woodstar x Peruvian Sheartail (hybrid) Eulidia yarrellii x Thaumastura cora
• Lucifer x Costa’s Hummingbird (hybrid) Calothorax lucifer x Calypte costae
• Black-chinned x Rufous Hummingbird (hybrid) Archilochus alexandri x Selasphorus rufus
• Anna’s x Selasphorus sp. (hybrid) Calypte anna x Selasphorus sp.
• Stripe-crowned x Olive Spinetail (hybrid) Cranioleuca pyrrhophia x obsoleta
• Yellow-throated x Black-eared Miner (hybrid) Manorina flavigula x melanotis
• Belford’s x Yellow-browed Melidectes (hybrid) Melidectes belfordi x rufocrissalis
• Willow Tit x Gray-headed Chickadee (hybrid) Poecile montanus x cinctus
• Styan’s x Light-vented Bulbul (hybrid) Pycnonotus taivanus x sinensis
• Common x Black Redstart (hybrid) Phoenicurus phoenicurus x ochruros
• Connecticut x Mourning Warber (hybrid) Oporornis agilis x Geothlypis philadelphia
• Mourning x Kentucky Warbler (hybrid) Geothlypis philadelphia x formosa
• Gray-crowned x Common Yellowthroat (hybrid) Geothlypis poliocephala x trichas
• Mourning Warbler x Common Yellowthroat (hybrid) Geothlypis philadephia x trichas
• American Redstart x Northern Parula (hybrid) Setophaga ruticilla x americana
• Common Yellowthroat x Rufous-capped Warbler (hybrid) Geothlypis trichas x Basileuterus rufifrons
• American Tree x Harris’s Sparrow (hybrid) Spizella arborea x Zonotrichia querula
• Dark-eyed Junco (Oregon x Gray-headed) Junco hyemalis oreganus x caniceps
• Brewer’s Blackbird x Great-tailed Grackle (hybrid) Euphagus cyanocephalus x Quiscalus mexicanus
• House x Eurasian Tree Sparrow (hybrid) Passer domesticus x montanus

NEW FORMS

Within eBird, we also have forms for taxa that field identifiable and worth tracking, but are not formally described. These include undescribed species (noted with “undescribed form”), undescribed subspecies groups, and miscellaneous other options.

• Galapagos Shearwater (Dark-winged) Puffinus subalaris [dark-winged]
• Galapagos Shearwater (Light-winged) Puffinus subalaris [light-winged]
• Rock Sandpiper (quarta/tschuktschorum/couesi) Calidris ptilocnemis quarta/tschuktschorum/couesi
• Rock Pigeon (Wild type) Columba livia (Wild type) note: this now allows reporting of Wild type Rock Pigeons as distinct from Feral Pigeon
• Serra Tapaculo (undescribed form) Scytalopus [undescribed Bahia form]
• Apurimac Tapaculo (undescribed form) Scytalopus [undescribed Apurimac form]
• Bahia Treehunter (undescribed form) Heliobletus [undescribed form]
• Amazonian Spinetail (undescribed form) Synallaxis [undescribed Amazonian form]
• Maranhao-Piaui Pygmy-Tyrant (undescribed form) Myiornis [undescribed form]
• Bismark Flyrobin (undescribed form) Microeca [undescribed form]
• Kilombero Cisticola (undescribed form) Cisticola [undescribed Kilombero form]
• White-tailed Cisticola (undescribed form) Cisticola [undescribed White-tailed form]
• Spectacled Flowerpecker (undescribed form) Dicaeum [undescribed form]
• Red Crossbill (Wandering or type A) Loxia curvirostra (type A) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Bohemian or type B) Loxia curvirostra (type B) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Glip or type C) Loxia curvirostra (type C) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Phantom or type D) Loxia curvirostra (type D) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Parakeet or type E) Loxia curvirostra (type E) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Scarce or type F) Loxia curvirostra (type F) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Red Crossbill (Parakeet or type X) Loxia curvirostra (type X) note: tentative new taxa for Red Crossbills in the Old World; feedback welcomed
• Timor Parrotfinch (undescribed form) Erythrura [undescribed form]

NEW DOMESTICS

eBird has certain domesticated species that are regularly seen in a feral or wild state.

• Muscovy Duck (Florida feral type) Cairina moschata (Domestic type – Florida) note: added as a “countable” form; next year this will be changed to Muscovy Duck (established feral type)
• Island Canary (Domestic type) Serinus canaria (Domestic type)    note: for escaped domestic canaries, which are usually all-yellow or whitish

COMMON NAME CHANGES

• Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (Northern): Dendrocygna autumnalis autumnalis —> Dendrocygna autumnalis fulgens
• Black-bellied Whistling-Duck (Southern): Dendrocygna autumnalis discolor —> Dendrocygna autumnalis autumnalis
• Common Eider (Pacific): Somateria mollissima v-nigra —> Somateria mollissima v-nigrum
• Surf/Black Scoter: Melanitta perspicillata/nigra —> Melanitta perspicillata/americana
• Speckled Chachalaca: Ortalis guttata guttata/subaffinis —> Ortalis guttata
• East Brazilian Chachalaca: Ortalis guttata araucuan —> Ortalis araucuan
• Scaled Chachalaca: Ortalis guttata squamata —> Ortalis squamata
• Sira Curassow: Pauxi unicornis koepckeae —> Pauxi koepckeae
• Horned Curassow: Pauxi unicornis unicornis —> Pauxi unicornis
• Nahan’s Francolin: Francolinus nahani —> Ptilopachus nahani
• black-and-white shearwater sp.: Puffinus sp. —> Puffinus sp. (black-and-white shearwater sp.)
• Pincoya Storm-Petrel: Oceanites [undescribed form] —> Oceanites pincoyae
• European Storm-Petrel (Mediterranean): Hydrobates pelagicus militensis —> Hydrobates pelagicus melitensis
• Glossy/White-faced Ibis: Plegadis sp. —> Plegadis falcinellus/chihi
• Changeable Hawk-Eagle: Nisaetus cirrhatus —> Nisaetus limnaeetus
• Legge’s Hawk-Eagle: Nisaetus nipalensis kelaarti —> Nisaetus kelaarti
• Clapper Rail (Gulf Coast): Rallus longirostris scottii/saturatus —> Rallus longirostris saturatus/scottii
• Luzon Rail: Lewinia mirificus —> Lewinia mirifica
• Surfbird: Aphriza virgata —> Calidris virgata
• Red Knot x Surfbird (hybrid): Aphriza virgata x Calidris canuta —> Calidris canutus x virgata
• Ruff: Philomachus pugnax —> Calidris pugnax
• Broad-billed Sandpiper: Limicola falcinellus —> Calidris falcinellus
• Spoon-billed Sandpiper: Eurynorhynchus pygmeus —> Calidris pygmea
• Dunlin x Purple Sandpiper (hybrid): Calidris maritima x alpina —> Calidris alpina x maritima
• Dunlin x White-rumped Sandpiper (hybrid): Calidris fuscicollis x alpina —> Calidris alpina x fuscicollis
• Buff-breasted Sandpiper: Tryngites subruficollis —> Calidris subruficollis
• White-rumped x Buff-breasted Sandpiper (hybrid): Calidris fuscicollis x Tryngites subruficollis —> Calidris fuscicollis x subruficollis
• Sharp-tailed/Pectoral Sandpiper: Calidris melanotos/acuminata —> Calidris acuminata/melanotos
• Cox’s Sandpiper (hybrid): Calidris melanotos x ferruginea —> Calidris ferruginea x melanotos
• Purple Quail-Dove: Geotrygon saphirina purpurata —> Geotrygon purpurata
• Sapphire Quail-Dove: Geotrygon saphirina saphirina/rothschildi —> Geotrygon saphirina
• Maroon-chinned Fruit-Dove: Ptilinopus epia —> Ptilinopus epius
• Mauritius Blue-Pigeon: Alectroenas nitidissima —> Alectroenas nitidissimus
• Seychelles Blue-Pigeon: Alectroenas pulcherrima —> Alectroenas pulcherrimus
• Nicobar Imperial-Pigeon: Ducula aenea nicobarica —> Ducula nicobarica
• Gray-bellied Cuckoo: Cacomantis merulinus passerinus —> Cacomantis passerinus
• Square-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo: Surniculus lugubris lugubris/brachyurus —> Surniculus lugubris
• Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo: Surniculus lugubris dicruroides —> Surniculus dicruroides
• Moluccan Drongo-Cuckoo: Surniculus lugubris musschenbroeki —> Surniculus musschenbroeki
• Asian Koel (Pacific): Eudynamys scolopaceus orientalis —> Eudynamys scolopaceus [orientalis Group]
• Yellowbill (Blue): Ceuthmochares aereus [aereus Group] —> Ceuthmochares aereus aereus/flavirostris
• Andaman Masked-Owl: Tyto alba deroepstorffi —> Tyto deroepstorffi
• Sulawesi Scops-Owl (Sulawesi): Otus manadensis [manadensis Group] —> Otus manadensis manadensis/mendeni
• Flammulated Owl: Otus flammeolus —> Psiloscops flammeolus
• Koepcke’s Screech-Owl (Apurimac): Megascops [undescribed form 1] —> Megascops koepckeae hockingi
• Santa Marta Screech-Owl (undescribed form): Megascops [undescribed form 2] —> Megascops [undescribed form]
• Bare-legged Owl: Gymnoglaux lawrencii —> Margarobyas lawrencii
• San Isidro Owl (undescribed form): Ciccaca [undescribed form] —> Ciccaba [undescribed form]
• Hume’s Boobook: Ninox scutulata obscura —> Ninox obscura
• Vogelkop Owlet-Nightjar: Aegotheles bennettii affinis/terborghi —> Aegotheles affinis
• Barred Owlet-Nightjar: Aegotheles bennettii [bennettii Group] —> Aegotheles bennettii
• Blackish Nightjar: Caprimulgus nigrescens —> Nyctipolus nigrescens
• Pygmy Nightjar: Caprimulgus hirundinaceus —> Nyctipolus hirundinaceus
• Band-winged Nightjar: Caprimulgus longirostris —> Systellura longirostris
• Band-winged Nightjar (Band-winged): Caprimulgus longirostris [longirostris Group] —> Systellura longirostris [longirostris Group]
• Band-winged Nightjar (Mocha): Caprimulgus longirostris mochaensis —> Systellura longirostris mochaensis
• Band-winged Nightjar (decussatus): Caprimulgus longirostris decussatus —> Systellura longirostris decussatus
• Scrub Nightjar: Caprimulgus anthonyi —> Nyctidromus anthonyi
• White-winged Nightjar: Caprimulgus candicans —> Eleothreptus candicans
• Todd’s Nightjar: Caprimulgus heterurus —> Setopagis heterurus
• Little Nightjar: Caprimulgus parvulus —> Setopagis parvulus
• Roraiman Nightjar: Caprimulgus whitelyi —> Setopagis whitelyi
• Cayenne Nightjar: Caprimulgus maculosus —> Setopagis maculosus
• White-tailed Nightjar: Caprimulgus cayennensis —> Hydropsalis cayennensis
• Spot-tailed Nightjar: Caprimulgus maculicaudus —> Hydropsalis maculicaudus
• Pennant-winged Nightjar: Macrodipteryx vexillarius —> Caprimulgus vexillarius
• Standard-winged Nightjar: Macrodipteryx longipennis —> Caprimulgus longipennis
• Himalayan Swiftlet (Himalayan): Aerodramus brevirostris —> Aerodramus brevirostris brevirostris/innominatus
• Himalayan Swiftlet (Indochinese): Aerodramus rogersi —> Aerodramus brevirostris rogersi
• Great-billed Hermit (Amazonian): Phaethornis malaris [bolivianus Group] —> Phaethornis malaris [moorei Group]
• Crowned Woodnymph (Violet-crowned Woodnymph): Thalurania colombica —> Thalurania colombica (Violet-crowned Woodnymph)
• Crowned Woodnymph (Green-crowned Woodnymph): Thalurania fannyi —> Thalurania colombica (Green-crowned Woodnymph)
• Crowned Woodnymph (Northern Green-crowned): Thalurania fannyi [fannyi Group] —> Thalurania colombica [fannyi Group]
• Crowned Woodnymph (Emerald-bellied): Thalurania fannyi hypochlora —> Thalurania colombica hypochlora
• Malabar Barbet: Megalaima rubricapillus malabarica —> Megalaima malabarica
• Crimson-fronted Barbet: Megalaima rubricapillus rubricapillus —> Megalaima rubricapillus
• Scarlet-banded Barbet (Scarlet-banded): Capito wallacei —> Capito wallacei wallacei
• Scarlet-banded Barbet (Sira): Capito fitzpatricki —> Capito wallacei fitzpatricki
• Chestnut-tipped Toucanet: Aulacorhynchus derbianus derbianus —> Aulacorhynchus derbianus
• Tepui Toucanet: Aulacorhynchus derbianus [whitelianus Group] —> Aulacorhynchus whitelianus
• Guianan Toucanet: Selenidera culik —> Selenidera piperivora
• Sulu Woodpecker: Dendrocopos maculatus ramsayi —> Dendrocopos ramsayi
• Brown-capped Woodpecker: Dendrocopos moluccensis nanus/gymnophthalmus —> Dendrocopos nanus
• Sunda Woodpecker: Dendrocopos moluccensis [moluccensis Group] —> Dendrocopos moluccensis
• Fulvous-breasted Woodpecker: Dendrocopos macei [macei Group] —> Dendrocopos macei
• Great Spotted Woodpecker (Great Spotted): Dendrocopus major [major group] —> Dendrocopos major [major Group]
• Great Spotted Woodpecker (Canarian): Dendrocopus major canariensis/thanneri —> Dendrocopos major canariensis/thanneri
• Great Spotted Woodpecker (Atlas): Dendrocopus major numidus/mauritanus —> Dendrocopos major numidus/mauritanus
• Northern Flicker (Yellow-shafted): Colaptes auratus [auratus Group] —> Colaptes auratus auratus/luteus
• Peregrine Falcon (Tundra): Falco peregrinus tundrius/calidus —> Falco peregrinus calidus/tundrius
• Painted Parakeet (Painted): Pyrrhura picta [picta Group] —> Pyrrhura picta picta
• Rose-fronted Parakeet (Wavy-breasted): Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana —> Pyrrhura roseifrons peruviana/dilutissima
• Rufous-rumped Antwren: Terenura callinota —> Euchrepomis callinota
• Chestnut-shouldered Antwren: Terenura humeralis —> Euchrepomis humeralis
• Yellow-rumped Antwren: Terenura sharpei —> Euchrepomis sharpei
• Ash-winged Antwren: Terenura spodioptila —> Euchrepomis spodioptila
• Star-throated Antwren: Myrmotherula gularis —> Rhopias gularis
• Predicted Antwren: Herpsilochmus [undescribed Madeira-Purus form] —> Herpsilochmus praedictus
• Aripuana Antwren: Herpsilochmus [undescribed Aripuana-Ji-Parana form] —> Herpsilochmus stotzi
• warbling-antbird sp.: Hypocnemis sp. —> Hypocnemis sp. (warbling-antbird sp.)
• Zeledon’s Antbird (Zeledon’s): Myrmeciza immaculata zeledoni —> Myrmeciza zeledoni zeledoni
• Zeledon’s Antbird (Choco): Myrmeciza immaculata macrorhyncha —> Myrmeciza zeledoni macrorhyncha
• Xingu Scale-backed Antbird (Tapajos): Willisornis poecilinotus nigrigula —> Willisornis vidua nigrigula
• Junin Tapaculo: Scytalopus [undescribed Juinin form] —> Scytalopus gettyae
• Plain-winged Woodcreeper (Pernambuco): Dendrocincla fuliginosa taunayi —> Dendrocincla turdina taunayi
• Plain-winged Woodcreeper (Plain-winged): Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina —> Dendrocincla turdina turdina
• Buff-throated Woodcreeper (Lafresnaye’s): Xiphorhynchus guttatus [guttatoides Group] —> Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatus/dorbignyanus
• Spotted Woodcreeper (Spotted): Xiphorhynchus erythropygius [erythropygius Group] —> Xiphorhynchus erythropygius erythropygius/parvus
• Rufous-tailed Foliage-gleaner: Philydor ruficaudatum —> Anabacerthia ruficaudata
• Ochre-breasted Foliage-gleaner: Philydor lichtensteini —> Anabacerthia lichtensteini
• Peruvian Recurvebill: Simoxenops ucayalae —> Syndactyla ucayalae
• Bolivian Recurvebill: Simoxenops striatus —> Syndactyla striatus
• Delta Amacuro Softtail: Thripophaga [undescribed form] —> Thripophaga amacurensis
• Red-shouldered Spinetail: Gyalophylax hellmayri —> Synallaxis hellmayri
• Mantaro Spinetail (undescribed form): Synallaxis [undescribed form] —> Synallaxis [undescribed Mantaro form]
• Great Spinetail: Siptornopsis hypochondriaca —> Synallaxis hypochondriaca
• Agile Tit-Tyrant: Anairetes agilis —> Uromyias agilis
• Unstreaked Tit-Tyrant: Anairetes agraphia —> Uromyias agraphia
• Paltry Tyrannulet (Mountain): Zimmerius vilissimus [improbus Group] —> Zimmerius vilissimus improbus/tamae
• White-crowned Manakin: Pipra pipra —> Dixiphia pipra
• White-crowned Manakin (Zeledon’s): Pipra pipra anthracina —> Dixiphia pipra anthracina
• White-crowned Manakin (White-crowned): Pipra pipra [pipra Group] —> Dixiphia pipra [pipra Group]
• Scarlet-horned Manakin: Pipra cornuta —> Ceratopipra cornuta
• Red-capped Manakin: Pipra mentalis —> Ceratopipra mentalis
• Golden-headed Manakin: Pipra erythrocephala —> Ceratopipra erythrocephala
• Red-headed Manakin: Pipra rubrocapilla —> Ceratopipra rubrocapilla
• Round-tailed Manakin: Pipra chloromeros —> Ceratopipra chloromeros
• Orange Minivet: Pericrocotus flammeus flammeus —> Pericrocotus flammeus
• Scarlet Minivet: Pericrocotus flammeus —> Pericrocotus speciosus
• Scarlet Minivet (Scarlet): Pericrocotus flammeus [speciosus Group] —> Pericrocotus speciosus [speciosus Group]
• Scarlet Minivet (Philippine Red): Pericrocotus flammeus leytensis/novus —> Pericrocotus speciosus leytensis/novus
• Scarlet Minivet (Philippine Yellow): Pericrocotus flammeus [marchesae Group] —> Pericrocotus speciosus [marchesae Group]
• Scarlet Minivet (Javan): Pericrocotus flammeus exul/siebersi —> Pericrocotus speciosus exul/siebersi
• Golden Whistler (Balim Valley): Pachycephala melanura balim —> Pachycephala pectoralis balim
• Gray Whistler (Gray): Pachycephala simplex/dubia —> Pachycephala simplex simplex/dubia
• Red-tailed Shrike: Lanius isabellinus phoenicuroides —> Lanius phoenicuroides
• Red-tailed/Isabelline Shrike: Lanius isabellinus —> Lanius phoenicuroides/isabellinus
• Red-eyed Vireo (resident Chivi): Vireo olivaceus [griseobarbatus Group] —> Vireo olivaceus [agilis Group]
• Red-eyed Vireo (migratory Chivi): Vireo olivaceus [chivi Group] —> Vireo olivaceus chivi/diversus
• Balicassiao (Balicassiao): Dicrurus balicassius abraensis —> Dicrurus balicassius balicassius/abraensis
• Streaked Fantail: Rhipidura spilodera —> Rhipidura verreauxi
• Iberian Magpie: Cyanopica cyanus cooki —> Cyanopica cooki
• Torresian Crow: Corvus orru [orru Group] —> Corvus orru
• Bismarck Crow: Corvus orru insularis —> Corvus insularis
• Horned Lark (Western pale Group): Eremophila alpestris [leucolaema Group] —> Eremophila alpestris [occidentalis Group]
• Hill Swallow: Hirundo tahitica domicola —> Hirundo domicola
• Barn x Cliff Swallow (hybrid): Tachycineta thalassina x Petrochelidon pyrrhonota —> Hirundo rustica x Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
• Violet-green x Cliff Swallow (hybrid): Hirundo rustica x Petrochelidon pyrrhonota —> Tachycineta thalassina x Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
• Varied Tit: Sittiparus varius —> Poecile varius
• Coal Tit (Black-crested): Periparus melanolophus —> Periparus ater melanolophus
• Yellow-bellied Tit: Pardaliparus venustulus —> Periparus venustulus
• Elegant Tit: Pardaliparus elegans —> Periparus elegans
• Palawan Tit: Pardaliparus amabilis —> Periparus amabilis
• Great Tit (Turkestan): Parus bokharensis —> Parus major [bokharensis Group]
• Cinereous Tit: Parus major [cinereus Group] —> Parus cinereus
• Japanese Tit: Parus major [minor Group] —> Parus minor
• Yellow Tit: Macholophus holsti —> Parus holsti
• White-fronted Tit: Sittiparus semilarvatus —> Parus semilarvatus
• Azure Tit (Yellow-breasted): Cyanistes flavipectus —> Cyanistes cyanus [flavipectus Group]
• Silver-throated Tit: Aegithalos caudatus glaucogularis —> Aegithalos glaucogularis
• Hodgson’s Treecreeper: Certhia familiaris [hodgsoni Group] —> Certhia hodgsoni
• Hume’s Treecreeper: Certhia discolor [manipurensis Group] —> Certhia manipurensis
• African Spotted-Creeper: Salpornis spilonotus [salvadori Group] —> Salpornis salvadori
• Indian Spotted-Creeper: Salpornis spilonotus spilonotus/rajputanae —> Salpornis spilonotus
• Cobb’s Wren: Troglodytes aedon cobbi —> Troglodytes cobbi
• Sedge Wren (platensis Group): Cistothorus platensis platensis/homensis —> Cistothorus platensis platensis/hornensis
• Carolina Wren (White-browed): Thryothorus ludovicianus [albinucha Group] —> Thryothorus ludovicianus albinucha/subfulvus
• Common Bulbul (Dark-capped): Pycnonotus barbatus tricolor —> Pycnonotus barbatus [tricolor Group]
• Neumann’s Warbler: Hemitesia neumanni —> Urosphena neumanni
• Pale-footed Bush-Warbler: Cettia pallidipes —> Urosphena pallidipes
• Chestnut-headed Tesia: Tesia castaneocoronata —> Cettia castaneocoronata
• Philippine Bush-Warbler: Cettia seebohmi —> Horornis seebohmi
• Japanese Bush-Warbler: Cettia diphone —> Horornis diphone
• Manchurian Bush-Warbler: Cettia canturians —> Horornis canturians
• Palau Bush-Warbler: Cettia annae —> Horornis annae
• Tanimbar Bush-Warbler: Cettia carolinae —> Horornis carolinae
• Shade Warbler: Cettia parens —> Horornis parens
• Odedi: Cettia haddeni —> Horornis haddeni
• Fiji Bush-Warbler: Cettia ruficapilla —> Horornis ruficapilla
• Brownish-flanked Bush-Warbler: Cettia fortipes —> Horornis fortipes
• Hume’s Bush-Warbler: Cettia acanthizoides brunnescens —> Horornis brunnescens
• Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler: Cettia acanthizoides —> Horornis acanthizoides
• Sunda Bush-Warbler: Cettia vulcania —> Horornis vulcanius
• Aberrant Bush-Warbler: Cettia flavolivacea —> Horornis flavolivaceus
• Marsh Warbler/Eurasian Reed-Warbler: Acrocephalus scirpaceus/palustris —> Acrocephalus palustris/scirpaceus
• Clamorous Reed-Warbler (Brown): Acrocephalus stentoreus brunnescens —> Acrocephalus stentoreus [brunnescens Group]
• Northern Marquesan Reed-Warbler: Acrocephalus mendanae [percernis Group] —> Acrocephalus percernis
• Spinifex-bird: Eremiornis carteri —> Megalurus carteri
• Brown Songlark: Cincloramphus cruralis —> Megalurus cruralis
• Rufous Songlark: Cincloramphus mathewsi —> Megalurus mathewsi
• Brown Emu-tail: Dromaeocercus brunneus —> Bradypterus brunneus
• Marsh Grassbird: Megalurus pryeri —> Locustella pryeri
• Brown Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus luteoventris —> Locustella luteoventris
• Chinese Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus tacsanowskius —> Locustella tacsanowskia
• Long-billed Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus major —> Locustella major
• Long-tailed Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus caudatus —> Locustella caudata
• Chestnut-backed Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus castaneus —> Locustella castanea
• Baikal Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus thoracicus [davidi Group] —> Locustella davidi
• West Himalayan Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus thoracicus kashmirensis —> Locustella kashmirensis
• Spotted Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus thoracicus thoracicus/przevalskii —> Locustella thoracica
• Taiwan Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus alishanensis —> Locustella alishanensis
• Friendly Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus accentor —> Locustella accentor
• Russet Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus mandelli —> Locustella mandelli
• Benguet Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus seebohmi —> Locustella seebohmi
• Javan Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus montis —> Locustella montis
• Timor Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus timoriensis —> Locustella timorensis
• Sri Lanka Bush-Warbler: Bradypterus palliseri —> Elaphrornis palliseri
• Gray Emu-tail: Dromaeocercus seebohmi —> Amphilais seebohmi
• Mrs. Moreau’s Warbler: Bathmocercus winifredae —> Scepomycter winifredae
• Dorst’s Cisticola: Cisticola dorsti —> Cisticola guinea
• African Hill Babbler: Pseudoalcippe abyssinica —> Sylvia abyssinica
• Bush Blackcap: Lioptilus nigricapillus —> Sylvia nigricapilla
• Dohrn’s Thrush-Babbler: Horizorhinus dohrni —> Sylvia dohrni
• Layard’s Warbler: Parisoma layardi —> Sylvia layardi
• Banded Warbler: Parisoma boehmi —> Sylvia boehmi
• Rufous-vented Warbler: Parisoma subcaeruleum —> Sylvia subcaerulea
• Brown Warbler: Parisoma lugens —> Sylvia lugens
• Brown Parrotbill: Paradoxornis unicolor —> Cholornis unicolor
• Three-toed Parrotbill: Paradoxornis paradoxus —> Cholornis paradoxa
• Gray-headed Parrotbill: Paradoxornis gularis —> Psittiparus gularis
• Black-headed Parrotbill: Paradoxornis margaritae —> Psittiparus margaritae
• White-breasted Parrotbill: Paradoxornis ruficeps ruficeps —> Psittiparus ruficeps
• Rufous-headed Parrotbill: Paradoxornis ruficeps bakeri/magnirostris —> Psittiparus bakeri
• Pale-billed Parrotbill: Paradoxornis atrosuperciliaris —> Chleuasicus atrosuperciliaris
• Spectacled Parrotbill: Paradoxornis conspicillatus —> Sinosuthora conspicillata
• Vinous-throated Parrotbill: Paradoxornis webbianus —> Sinosuthora webbiana
• Brown-winged Parrotbill: Paradoxornis brunneus —> Sinosuthora brunnea
• Ashy-throated Parrotbill: Paradoxornis alphonsianus —> Sinosuthora alphonsiana
• Gray-hooded Parrotbill: Paradoxornis zappeyi —> Sinosuthora zappeyi
• Rusty-throated Parrotbill: Paradoxornis przewalskii —> Sinosuthora przewalskii
• Fulvous Parrotbill: Paradoxornis fulvifrons —> Suthora fulvifrons
• Black-throated Parrotbill: Paradoxornis nipalensis —> Suthora nipalensis
• Golden Parrotbill: Paradoxornis verreauxi —> Suthora verreauxi
• Short-tailed Parrotbill: Paradoxornis davidianus —> Neosuthora davidiana
• Pin-striped Tit-Babbler: Macronous gularis —> Mixornis gularis
• Bold-striped Tit-Babbler: Macronous bornensis —> Mixornis bornensis
• Gray-cheeked Tit-Babbler: Macronous flavicollis —> Mixornis flavicollis
• Gray-faced Tit-Babbler: Macronous kelleyi —> Mixornis kelleyi
• Golden Babbler: Stachyridopsis chrysaea —> Cyanoderma chrysaeum
• Chestnut-winged Babbler: Stachyris erythroptera —> Cyanoderma erythropterum
• Crescent-chested Babbler: Stachyris melanothorax —> Cyanoderma melanothorax
• Black-chinned Babbler: Stachyridopsis pyrrhops —> Cyanoderma pyrrhops
• Rufous-capped Babbler: Stachyridopsis ruficeps —> Cyanoderma ruficeps
• Buff-chested Babbler: Stachyris ambigua —> Cyanoderma ambiguum
• Rufous-fronted Babbler: Stachyridopsis rufifrons —> Cyanoderma rufifrons
• Slender-billed Scimitar-Babbler: Xiphirhynchus superciliaris —> Pomatorhinus superciliaris
• Large Scimitar-Babbler: Pomatorhinus hypoleucos —> Megapomatorhinus hypoleucos
• Black-necklaced Scimitar-Babbler: Pomatorhinus erythrocnemis —> Megapomatorhinus erythrocnemis
• Rusty-cheeked Scimitar-Babbler: Pomatorhinus erythrogenys —> Megapomatorhinus erythrogenys
• Spot-breasted Scimitar-Babbler: Pomatorhinus mcclellandi —> Megapomatorhinus mcclellandi
• Black-streaked Scimitar-Babbler: Pomatorhinus gravivox —> Megapomatorhinus gravivox
• Gray-sided Scimitar-Babbler: Pomatorhinus swinhoei —> Megapomatorhinus swinhoei
• Blackish-breasted Babbler: Sphenocichla humei —> Stachyris humei
• Yellow-throated Fulvetta: Schoeniparus cinerea —> Schoeniparus cinereus
• Dusky Fulvetta: Schoeniparus brunnea —> Schoeniparus brunneus
• Rusty-capped Fulvetta: Schoeniparus dubia —> Schoeniparus dubus
• Thrush Babbler: Ptyrticus turdinus —> Illadopsis turdina
• Short-tailed Babbler: Malacocincla malaccensis —> Pellorneum malaccense
• Ashy-headed Babbler: Malacocincla cinereiceps —> Pellorneum cinereiceps
• White-chested Babbler: Trichastoma rostratum —> Pellorneum rostratum
• Sulawesi Babbler: Trichastoma celebense —> Pellorneum celebense
• Ferruginous Babbler: Trichastoma bicolor —> Pellorneum bicolor
• Short-tailed Scimitar-Babbler: Jabouilleia danjoui —> Napothera danjoui
• Short-tailed Scimitar-Babbler (Short-tailed): Jabouilleia danjoui danjoui/parvirostris —> Napothera danjoui danjoui/parvirostris
• Short-tailed Scimitar-Babbler (Naung Mung): Jabouilleia danjoui naungmungensis —> Napothera danjoui naungmungensis
• Long-billed Wren-Babbler: Rimator malacoptilus —> Napothera malacoptila
• White-throated Wren-Babbler: Rimator pasquieri —> Napothera pasquieri
• Sumatran Wren-Babbler: Rimator albostriatus —> Napothera albostriata
• Abbott’s Babbler: Malacocincla abbotti —> Turdinus abbotti
• Horsfield’s Babbler: Malacocincla sepiaria —> Turdinus sepiarius
• Black-browed Babbler: Malacocincla perspicillata —> Turdinus perspicillatus
• Limestone Wren-Babbler: Gypsophila crispifrons —> Turdinus crispifrons
• Streaked Wren-Babbler: Napothera brevicaudata —> Turdinus brevicaudatus
• Mountain Wren-Babbler: Napothera crassa —> Turdinus crassus
• Bagobo Babbler: Trichastoma woodi —> Leonardina woodi
• Gold-fronted Fulvetta: Schoeniparus variegaticeps —> Alcippe variegaticeps
• Ludlow’s Fulvetta: Fulvetta ludlowi —> Alcippe ludlowi
• Yunnan Fulvetta: Alcippe morrisonia fratercula —> Alcippe fratercula
• David’s Fulvetta: Alcippe morrisonia davidi —> Alcippe davidi
• Huet’s Fulvetta: Alcippe morrisonia hueti —> Alcippe hueti
• Striated Laughingthrush: Garrulax striatus —> Grammatoptila striata
• Afghan Babbler: Turdoides caudata huttoni/salvadorii —> Turdoides huttoni
• Common Babbler: Turdoides caudata caudata/eclipes —> Turdoides caudata
• White-throated Mountain-Babbler: Kupeornis gilberti —> Turdoides gilberti
• Red-collared Mountain-Babbler: Kupeornis rufocinctus —> Turdoides rufocincta
• Chapin’s Mountain-Babbler: Kupeornis chapini —> Turdoides chapini
• Capuchin Babbler: Phyllanthus atripennis —> Turdoides atripennis
• Sukatschev’s Laughingthrush: Garrulax sukatschewi —> Ianthocincla sukatschewi
• Moustached Laughingthrush: Garrulax cineraceus —> Ianthocincla cineracea
• Rufous-chinned Laughingthrush: Garrulax rufogularis —> Ianthocincla rufogularis
• Chestnut-eared Laughingthrush: Garrulax konkakinhensis —> Ianthocincla konkakinhensis
• Spotted Laughingthrush: Garrulax ocellatus —> Ianthocincla ocellata
• Barred Laughingthrush: Garrulax lunulatus —> Ianthocincla lunulata
• Biet’s Laughingthrush: Garrulax bieti —> Ianthocincla bieti
• Giant Laughingthrush: Garrulax maximus —> Ianthocincla maxima
• Greater Necklaced Laughingthrush: Garrulax pectoralis —> Ianthocincla pectoralis
• White-throated Laughingthrush: Garrulax albogularis —> Ianthocincla albogularis
• Rufous-crowned Laughingthrush: Garrulax ruficeps —> Ianthocincla ruficeps
• Rufous-necked Laughingthrush: Garrulax ruficollis —> Ianthocincla ruficollis
• Chestnut-backed Laughingthrush: Garrulax nuchalis —> Ianthocincla nuchalis
• Black-throated Laughingthrush: Garrulax chinensis —> Ianthocincla chinensis
• White-cheeked Laughingthrush: Garrulax vassali —> Ianthocincla vassali
• Yellow-throated Laughingthrush: Garrulax galbanus —> Ianthocincla galbana
• Blue-crowned Laughingthrush: Garrulax courtoisi —> Ianthocincla courtoisi
• Wynaad Laughingthrush: Garrulax delesserti —> Ianthocincla delesserti
• Rufous-vented Laughingthrush: Garrulax gularis —> Ianthocincla gularis
• Pere David’s Laughingthrush: Garrulax davidi —> Ianthocincla davidi
• Gray-sided Laughingthrush: Garrulax caerulatus —> Ianthocincla caerulata
• Rusty Laughingthrush: Garrulax poecilorhynchus —> Ianthocincla poecilorhyncha
• Buffy Laughingthrush: Garrulax berthemyi —> Ianthocincla berthemyi
• Chestnut-capped Laughingthrush: Garrulax mitratus —> Ianthocincla mitrata
• Chestnut-hooded Laughingthrush: Garrulax treacheri —> Ianthocincla treacheri
• White-browed Laughingthrush: Garrulax sannio —> Ianthocincla sannio
• Chinese Babax: Babax lanceolatus —> Ianthocincla lanceolata
• Chinese Babax (Chinese): Babax lanceolatus lanceolatus/latouchei —> Ianthocincla lanceolata lanceolata/latouchei
• Chinese Babax (Mount Victoria): Babax lanceolatus woodi —> Ianthocincla lanceolata woodi
• Giant Babax: Babax waddelli —> Ianthocincla waddelli
• Tibetan Babax: Babax koslowi —> Ianthocincla koslowi
• Black-chinned Laughingthrush: Garrulax cachinnans —> Trochalopteron cachinnans
• Streaked Laughingthrush: Garrulax lineatus —> Trochalopteron lineatum
• Bhutan Laughingthrush: Garrulax imbricatus —> Trochalopteron imbricatum
• Striped Laughingthrush: Garrulax virgatus —> Trochalopteron virgatum
• Scaly Laughingthrush: Garrulax subunicolor —> Trochalopteron subunicolor
• Brown-capped Laughingthrush: Garrulax austeni —> Trochalopteron austeni
• Blue-winged Laughingthrush: Garrulax squamatus —> Trochalopteron squamatum
• Elliot’s Laughingthrush: Garrulax elliotii —> Trochalopteron elliotii
• Variegated Laughingthrush: Garrulax variegatus —> Trochalopteron variegatum
• Prince Henry’s Laughingthrush: Garrulax henrici —> Trochalopteron henrici
• Black-faced Laughingthrush: Garrulax affinis —> Trochalopteron affine
• White-whiskered Laughingthrush: Garrulax morrisonianus —> Trochalopteron morrisonianum
• Chestnut-crowned Laughingthrush: Garrulax erythrocephalus —> Trochalopteron erythrocephalum
• Assam Laughingthrush: Garrulax chrysopterus —> Trochalopteron chrysopterum
• Silver-eared Laughingthrush: Garrulax melanostigma —> Trochalopteron melanostigma
• Malayan Laughingthrush: Garrulax peninsulae —> Trochalopteron peninsulae
• Golden-winged Laughingthrush: Garrulax ngoclinhensis —> Trochalopteron ngoclinhensis
• Collared Laughingthrush: Garrulax yersini —> Trochalopteron yersini
• Red-winged Laughingthrush: Garrulax formosus —> Trochalopteron formosum
• Red-tailed Laughingthrush: Garrulax milnei —> Trochalopteron milnei
• Rufous-backed Sibia: Heterophasia annectens —> Minla annectens
• Blue-winged Minla: Minla cyanouroptera —> Actinodura cyanouroptera
• Chestnut-tailed Minla: Minla strigula —> Actinodura strigula
• Curve-billed/Bendire’s Thrasher: Toxostoma bendirei/curvirostre —> Toxostoma curvirostre/bendirei
• Tropical x Northern Mockingbird (hybrid): Mimus polyglottos x gilvus —> Mimus gilvus x polyglottos
• Eastern Yellow Wagtail (Green-headed): Motacilla flava taivana —> Motacilla tschutschensis taivana
• Eastern Yellow Wagtail (Manchurian): Motacilla flava macronyx —> Motacilla tschutschensis macronyx
• White Wagtail (White-faced): Motacilla alba alba/dukunensis —> Motacilla alba alba/dukhunensis
• Blue-winged x Prairie Warbler (hybrid): Vermivora pinus x Setophaga discolor —> Vermivora cyanoptera x Setophaga discolor
• Gray-headed Warbler: Myiothlypis griseiceps —> Basileuterus griseiceps
• Santa Marta Warbler: Basileuterus basilicus —> Myiothlypis basilica
• White-browed Warbler: Myiothlypis leucoblepharus —> Myiothlypis leucoblephara
• Black-chested Mountain-Tanager: Buthraupis eximia —> Cnemathraupis eximia
• Golden-backed Mountain-Tanager: Buthraupis aureodorsalis —> Cnemathraupis aureodorsalis
• Buff-breasted Mountain-Tanager (Buff-breasted): Dubusia taeniata/carrikeri —> Dubusia taeniata taeniata/carrikeri
• Chestnut-bellied Mountain-Tanager: Delothraupis castaneoventris —> Dubusia castaneoventris
• Blue-and-yellow Tanager: Thraupis bonariensis —> Pipraeidea bonariensis
• Burnished-buff Tanager (Rufous-crowned): Tangara cayana/fulvescens —> Tangara cayana cayana/fulvescens
• Peg-billed Finch: Acanthidops bairdii —> Acanthidops bairdi
• Cinereous Finch: Piezorhina cinerea —> Piezorina cinerea
• Green-tailed x Spotted Towhee (hybrid): Pipilo chloropus x maculatus —> Pipilo chlororus x maculatus
• Sagebrush Sparrow: Artemisiospiza belli nevadensis/canescens —> Artemisiospiza nevadensis
• Bell’s/Sagebrush Sparrow (Sage Sparrow): Artemisiospiza belli —> Artemisiospiza belli/nevadensis
• Song Sparrow (Eastern): Melospiza melodia [melodia Group] —> Melospiza melodia melodia/atlantica
• Song Sparrow (California): Melospiza melodia gouldii OR samuelis OR heermanni —> Melospiza melodia [heermanni Group]
• Common Chlorospingus: Chlorospingus ophthalmicus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus
• Common Chlorospingus (Northeast Mexico): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus ophthalmicus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus ophthalmicus
• Common Chlorospingus (Southwest Mexico): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus albifrons —> Chlorospingus flavopectus albifrons
• Common Chlorospingus (Middle America): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus [postocularis Group] —> Chlorospingus flavopectus [postocularis Group]
• Common Chlorospingus (Central Panama): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus punctulatus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus punctulatus
• Common Chlorospingus (Venezuela): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus [venezuelanus Group] —> Chlorospingus flavopectus [venezuelanus Group]
• Common Chlorospingus (Northern Andes): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus [flavopectus Group] —> Chlorospingus flavopectus [flavopectus Group]
• Common Chlorospingus (cinereocephalus): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus cinereocephalus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus cinereocephalus
• Common Chlorospingus (Southern Peru): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus peruvianus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus peruvianus
• Common Chlorospingus (Northern Bolivia): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus bolivianus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus bolivianus
• Common Chlorospingus (Southern Bolivia): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus fulvigularis —> Chlorospingus flavopectus fulvigularis
• Common Chlorospingus (Argentina): Chlorospingus ophthalmicus argentinus —> Chlorospingus flavopectus argentinus
• Red-winged Blackbird (California Bicolored): Agelaius phoeniceus [californicus Group] —> Agelaius phoeniceus californicus/mailliardorum
• Eastern/Western Meadowlark: Sturnella megna/neglecta —> Sturnella magna/neglecta
• Hooded Oriole (Eastern): Icterus cucullatus [cucullatus Group] —> Icterus cucullatus cucullatus/sennetti
• Hawaii Creeper: Oreomystis mana —> Loxops mana
• House/Purple Finch: Haemorhous purpureus/mexicanus —> Haemorhous mexicanus/purpureus

DOWNLOAD TAXONOMY

Download full 2013 taxonomy (version 1.54) – click here.

Download full 2013 taxonomy (version 1.54) with changes from 2012 annotated – click here