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Sensitivity of unmanaged relict pine forest in the Czech Republic to climate change and air pollution

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The relict pine forests have a considerable regenerative capacity after the reduction of heavy air pollution load; nevertheless, tree data clearly reflect the climate and air pollution changes in the given stand conditions.

Abstract

The dynamics of “poor relict pine forests” under the long-term influence of climate changes and air pollution stress (SO2, NO X , and O3) was studied in 1958–2015 in northeast Czech Republic, including health status since 1975. The research was focused on permanent research plots in the protected area of sandstone blocks without active forest management for more than 80 years. The analyses of air pollution effects showed a relatively close relation with radial growth and foliation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Diameter increment was significantly negatively correlated with SO2 concentrations in growing season (P < 0.05), especially in June–August (P < 0.01) and on more exposed sites (P < 0.001). Foliation was significantly negatively correlated with SO2 concentrations and ozone exposure (P < 0.01), but a significant effect of NO X was not detected in study plots. The most serious damage can be attributed to the synergism of chemical and climatic stress, especially in combination with severe drought. Correlation between increment and temperature was stronger compared to precipitation. The climate in December and June had the highest effect on radial growth (P < 0.05). In 1975–2015, the foliage increased on average by 20.7% (to 72.5%). The growth structural indicators were, in 2015, mostly higher than in 2000; the standing volume increased by up to 29% (to 331 m3 ha−1). The spatial pattern of tree layer was mostly random, only on extremely rocky sites, it was significantly aggregated (α = 0.05), such as by recruits. Tree layer biodiversity was generally high, but in the last 15 years, its variability was relatively low.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic, Project No. QJ1520037 and by the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Internal Grant Agency, Project No. B02/16. We are also grateful to Czech Hydrometeorological Institute in Prague for climatic data.

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  1. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 169 51, Prague 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic

    Stanislav Vacek, Zdeněk Vacek, Jiří Remeš, Lukáš Bílek, Daniel Bulušek, Tereza Putalová & Jan Král

  2. Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Na Šabatce 17, 143 06, Prague, Komořany, Czech Republic

    Iva Hůnová

  3. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University Brno, Zemědělská 1/1665, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jaroslav Simon

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Vacek, S., Vacek, Z., Remeš, J. et al. Sensitivity of unmanaged relict pine forest in the Czech Republic to climate change and air pollution. Trees 31, 1599–1617 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-017-1572-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-017-1572-0

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