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Sustainable biomass production of introduced spruce species plantations under climate change

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Abstract

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The Picea abies dendromass production can be replaced by introduced spruce species where the Picea omorika showed the highest biomass production and resistance to climate change in central European conditions.

Abstract

Climate change has a major impact on the availability of sustainable wood production. From the perspective of dendromass processing, the most important European species is Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.), whose stands have been subject to large-scale dieback in recent years. This situation requires partial replacement. In our comprehensive study, we evaluate the potential for replacement of P. abies by Picea mariana [Mill.] Britt., Sterns and Poggenburg (black spruce), Picea omorika [Pančić] Purk. (Serbian spruce), and Picea pungens Engelm. (blue spruce), growing under the same conditions in an Antonín forest plantation (area 165 ha, 51 years old) in Czechia, planted after the reclamation of a spoil heap. The following characteristics were evaluated on the 18 permanent research plots: biomass production potential, carbon sequestration, growth resistance to climate change based on dendrochronological analyses, and selected physical and mechanical properties providing a basic idea of the quality of the feedstock for the timber industry. The highest biomass production was achieved by P. omorika (150 t ha−1) and the lowest by P. mariana (77 t ha−1). P. mariana was also found to be the least resistant to climatic extremes. In contrast, P. omorika showed stable, uniform growth, and high resistance, especially to prolonged dry periods. In terms of wood parameters, the highest quality values were found in the case of native P. abies values in terms of strength (45.4 MPa) and density (503 kg m−3), followed by P. omorika (40.2 MPa and 504 kg m−3). P. omorika showed the greatest homogeneity of growth, production potential, resistance to climate change, high technical quality of the raw wood material. P. omorika clearly represents a suitable alternative to the native P. abies, whereas P. mariana and P. pungens are not suitable substitutes for growing under Central European conditions.

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Data Availability

Climatic data (monthly temperature and precipitation) are available at the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (www.chmi.cz). Dendrochronological and wood quality data are available upon request from the authors of the article.

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledgement belongs to Jitka Šišáková (an expert in the field) and Richard Lee Manore (a native speaker) for checking English.

Funding

This study was supported by the Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic (No. QK1910232) and by Institutional support from the Ministry of Agriculture (MZERO0118).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Prague 6, 165 00, Suchdol, Czech Republic

    Zdeněk Vacek, Aleš Zeidler, Jan Cukor, Stanislav Vacek, Vlastimil Borůvka, Václav Šimůnek & Josef Gallo

  2. Forestry and Game Management Research Institute, Strnady 136, 252 02, Jíloviště, Czech Republic

    Jan Cukor & Vlastimil Skoták

  3. Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1665/1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Vlastimil Skoták

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  1. Zdeněk Vacek
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The submitted manuscript “Sustainable Biomass Production of Introduced Spruce Species Plantations under Climate Change” has not been previously published in any language anywhere and is not under simultaneous consideration or in press by another journal. Publication of the article has been approved by all the other co-authors and institutions.

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Vacek, Z., Zeidler, A., Cukor, J. et al. Sustainable biomass production of introduced spruce species plantations under climate change. Trees 37, 1781–1799 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-023-02460-y

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