Czech Association of Geomorphologists
Department of Geography, University of West Bohemia in Plze
Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics AS CR, v.v.i., Prague
Geomorfologický sborník 8
Book of Abstracts
Pavel Mentlík and Filip Hartvich
(editors)
Proceedings of the conference
State of Geomorphological Research
in 2009
15.–17. April 2009
Kašperské Hory
Czech Republic
CAG Conference
State of Geomorphological Research 2009
Prepared by: Czech Association of Geomorphologists, Department of
Geography, University of West Bohemia in Plze , Institute of Rock
Structure and Mechanics AS CR, v.v.i.
This edition © Tribun EU, 2009
ISBN: 978-80-7399-746-5
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Editorial
Being founded ten years ago as a regular meeting of (originally) Czech geomorphologists,
the Conference "State of Geomorphological Research" is celebrating its jubilee 10th session
this year. The conference has been organized annually, in turns by the institutions dealing
with geomorphology all around the Czech Republic.
Many of the regular participants have already visited the west of Bohemia in 2003, when
the conference was held in the Ne tiny castle. This year, the conference is hosted in an
attractive area of the Bohemian Forest (Šumava Mts.), one of the most beautiful regions of the
Czech Republic.
The purpose of the conference is to present actual advances in the field of geomorphology
and related science branches reached throughout the current year as well as to bring together
researchers from different institutions and offer an occasion to discuss their work to mutual
benefit.
The conference traditionally concerns mostly the region of Central Europe, so that
particularly contributions from the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Austria are
presented in this collection. However, some works from different parts of Europe (UK, Serbia
and Lithuania) enrich the agenda of this year´s conference.
As traditionally, the conference is concluded by a one-day field trip, offering a chance to
visit the geomorphologically most interesting sites of the surroundings.
We hope that the presented topics shall be beneficiary for your further work and that you
will enjoy the meeting.
Pavel Mentlík & Filip Hartvich,
on behalf of the Organizing committee
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Contents
The Western Slovakia extensometer net – targets and current results
Miloš BRIESTENSKÝ and Josef STEMBERK ................................................................................................... 9
Stará jímka – fossil record in the sediments of the Late Glacial
Eva B ÍZOVÁ .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Role of short-lasting downpours in the shaping processes in the slopes and bottoms of valleys in the Gorce
Mountains (exemplified by Jaszcze and Jamne river valleys)
Anna BUCAŁA ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Philosophy of a new general geomorphological map of the Czech Republic 1 : 500,000
Jaromír DEMEK, Karel KIRCHNER, Peter MACKOV IN and Petr SLAVÍK ............................................... 11
Sedimentary evidence of landscape and climate history for the last 30 ka in the Krkonoše Mountains,
Czech Republic
Zbyn k ENGEL, Daniel NÝVLT, Marek K ÍŽEK, Václav TREML and Vlasta JANKOVSKÁ......................... 12
Anthropogenic denudation on the mining areas of the Silesian Upland
Renata DULIAS................................................................................................................................................ 13
Allometric development of glacial cirques
Ian S. EVANS ................................................................................................................................................... 14
Complex Geomorphological Analysis of a Beskydian Mountain Stream. An Example of the Malá Ráztoka
Stream
Tomáš GALIA and Jan HRADECKÝ................................................................................................................ 15
Influence of Włocławek Dam Reservoir on dynamics and conditions for transport of suspension
Piotr GIERSZEWSKI........................................................................................................................................ 16
The shore zone of Jeziorsko Reservoir (Warta River, Central Poland)
Halina GROBELSKA ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Using of the aerial and ground photogrammetry in monitoring shore zone of Jeziorsko Reservoir (Warta
River, Central Poland)
Halina GROBELSKA and Sebastian TYSZKOWSKI........................................................................................ 17
The coarse fluvial sediments in a mid-mountain valley - distribution, parameters and significance
Filip HARTVICH.............................................................................................................................................. 18
General Scheme of the Western Carpathian Stream Channel Behaviour
Jan HRADECKÝ and Václav ŠKARPICH........................................................................................................ 19
Effects of active tectonics on fluvial system of the upper Morava basin development
Mojmír HRÁDEK ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Altitudinal limit of the ice-sheet glaciation in Northern Bohemia – new evidence from the saddle under
And lský vrch hill
Barbora JANÁSKOVÁ and Zbyn k ENGEL..................................................................................................... 21
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Automatization of the base surface delimitation – Case Study in Fatransko-Tur iansky region
Karel JEDLI KA and Ján SLÁDEK ................................................................................................................ 21
Geomorphological mapping in the Southern part of „Veltrubský Luh“ natural reserve
Jan JURÁ EK.................................................................................................................................................. 22
New data of the Lateglacial–Holocene evolution of the Vistula river valley downstream of Krakow
Tomasz KALICKI ............................................................................................................................................. 23
Quaternary changes of river network on western slope of Andes: key studies of Rio Colca (S-Peru)
Tomasz KALICKI and Józef KUKULAK.......................................................................................................... 24
Activity of debris flows in the light of lichenometric datings and aerial photographs (Tatra Mts)
Stanisław K DZIA ........................................................................................................................................... 25
Geomorphology of gap valleys of the Svratka River in the vicinity of the Veverská Bítýška town
Karel KIRCHNER, Zden k MÁ KA and Slavomír NEHYBA .......................................................................... 25
Historical activity and the transformation of small sandy-bedded upper Odra tributaries; Ko le Plain,
Upper Silesia
Kazimierz KLIMEK .......................................................................................................................................... 26
Landslide risk in the city of Zlín
Jan KLIMEŠ ..................................................................................................................................................... 27
High-water stages in Koszarawa’s bed in Jele nia ( ywiecki Beskid) geomorfological and
dendrochronological reconstructions of events
Agnieszka KLOSOK ......................................................................................................................................... 28
The windthrows in Šumava Mts. caused by Kyrill hurricane and terrain features
Jaromír KOLEJKA, Martin KLIMÁNEK, Tomáš MIKITA and Jaroslav SVOBODA ...................................... 29
Record of environment pollutions in tree stand along Równica’s way (Silesian Beskid)
Agnieszka KŁOSOK, Michał SOBALA............................................................................................................. 29
Influence of slope deformations on morphology of drainage dividing parts: Introduction
Veronika KOMÁRKOVÁ and Tomáš PÁNEK .................................................................................................. 30
Quaternary deposits of the Bielovodska Valley (Dolina Białki), High Tatra Mountains
Maria BAUMGART-KOTARBA and Adam KOTARBA ................................................................................... 31
Temperature regime of patterned ground in the High Sudetes
Marek K ÍŽEK, Václav TREML, Zbyn k ENGEL and Petra NYPLOVÁ ........................................................ 32
Statistical classification of landslides and landslides area in the Rusavská hornatina Mts.
Marek K ÍŽEK and Kate ina PATÁKOVÁ...................................................................................................... 32
Some aspects of the distribution of the block accumulations in Western part of Podyjí National Park
Lucie KUBALÍKOVÁ........................................................................................................................................ 33
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The identification of types of inland dunes from the region of the Gruszeczka–Barycz valley with the use
of digital elevation model
Michał KUC and Sebastian WITEK.................................................................................................................. 34
The Role of Bedrock Structure in the Development of Landform in the Babia Góra Massif (1725),
Western Beskidy Mountains
Adam ŁAJCZAK ............................................................................................................................................... 34
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) on recognition of the shape of the former channel of Wda river
(northern Poland) filled up with biogenic sediments
Piotr LAMPARSKI ........................................................................................................................................... 36
Spatial structure and dynamics of the morphology of the Belá River fluvial system
Milan LEHOTSKÝ and Ján NOVOTNÝ ........................................................................................................... 36
Anabranching channel pattern system analysis of Danube river flood plain between unovo-Gab íkovo
Małgorzata LUC, Jacek B. SZMANDA ............................................................................................................ 37
Interactions between river channel morphology and riparian vegetation – an example from the Lužnice
River, South Bohemia, Czech Republic
Zden k MÁ KA and Lukáš KREJ Í ................................................................................................................ 38
Landslide susceptibility modeling: A case study on Fruška gora mountain, Serbia
Miloš MARJANOVI ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Model of a glacial/periglacial paleogeomorphological system in the Bohemian Forest
Pavel MENTLÍK............................................................................................................................................... 40
The Present Stage of Fluvio-Geomorphological Research in Context of Euro-American Collaboration
(Examples from Rhône River)
First Feedbacks on Restored Floodplain Lakes Sedimentation along the Rhône River
Monika MICHALKOVÁ, Hervé PIÉGAY, Viliam MACURA ........................................................................... 41
The Present Stage of Fluvio-Geomorphological Research in Context of Euro-American Collaboration
(Example of Sacramento River)
Longitudinal and Temporal Evolution of the Sacramento River between Red Bluff and Colusa, California,
USA (1942-1999)
Monika MICHALKOVÁ, Hervé PIÉGAY, Mathias G. KONDOLF.................................................................. 41
Targeted morphometric analysis and morphostructures of the Western Carpathians
Jozef MINÁR and Ivan BARKA ........................................................................................................................ 42
Laboratory simulation of regelation cycles
Petra NYPLOVÁ and Marek K ÍŽEK.............................................................................................................. 43
Conditions of formation and the impact of muddy flood at the site Ivanke pri Nitre
Juraj ONDR KA.............................................................................................................................................. 44
Testing of the partial derivatives approximation preciseness
Jan PACINA ..................................................................................................................................................... 44
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Time constraints for neotectonics and evolution of giant rock slope failures in the main mountain ridge of
the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine)
Tomáš PÁNEK, Jan HRADECKÝ, Martin DANIŠÍK, Karel ŠILHÁN and Veronika SMOLKOVÁ ................. 45
Towards a Spring Tufa inventory of Austria
Rudolf PAVUZA ............................................................................................................................................... 46
The Influence of Leaf Accumulations on the Function of Step-Pool Systems in Mountain Streams
Zden k P IBYLA and Jan HRADECKÝ........................................................................................................... 47
Morphodynamics of debris slopes in the Medena Kotlinka valley
Zofia R CZKOWSKA....................................................................................................................................... 48
Glacitectonic deformations in Dabrowa Outlier, West Great Poland
Magdalena RATAJCZAK ................................................................................................................................. 49
Morphostructural analysis of the Bohutický les Upland in the south Moravia
Pavel ROŠTÍNSKÝ ........................................................................................................................................... 50
The land use changes in 20th century and their geomorphological implications in lowland agricultural
area (Voderady, Trnavská Hill Land, Slovakia)
Anna SMETANOVÁ, Miroslav KOŽUCH, Juraj ONDR KA, Jozef ER ANSKÝ and Miloš
STANKOVIANSKY ........................................................................................................................................... 51
Holocene sedimentation dynamics and average catchment denudation acquired from the sedimentary
basins of the landslide-dammed lakes in the Flysch Carpathians
Veronika SMOLKOVÁ, Tomáš PÁNEK and Jan HRADECKÝ ........................................................................ 52
The relief of the Monoclinal Mountain-Ridge Magurka Wi la ska – Magurka Radziechowska (Silesian
Beskid, Western Carpathians)
Michal SOBALA ............................................................................................................................................... 53
Spatial variation of weathering landforms of bed-rock in Orlik Massive, Hrubý Jesenik, Eastern Sudetes
Dominika STAN................................................................................................................................................ 53
Analysis of the drainage network of the Hoštice foot step
Jakub STEMBERK ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Creation of DEM by kriging method and evaluation of the results
Jana SVOBODOVÁ and Pavel TU EK ........................................................................................................... 55
A new data of the present day overbank sedimentation in the Vistula river flood plain in the Krakow Gate
Jacek B. SZMANDA, Tomasz KALICKI, Edyta ŁOKAS Anna MICHNO, Barbara RADWANEK-B K,
Przemysław WACHNIEW and Piotr SZWARCZEWSKI................................................................................... 55
Grain size composition and lithodynamic interpretation of the Danube river overbank deposits' lithofacies
– Bratislava inter-dike flood plain case study
Jacek B. SZMANDA, Milan LEHOTSKÝ and Ján NOVOTNÝ ......................................................................... 57
Trace elements as the indicator of fluvial processes intensity and former human activity (a case study
from the Masovian Lowland)
Piotr SZWARCZEWSKI.................................................................................................................................... 59
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Dynamics of rockfall on the western slope of Smrk Mt. (the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.)
Karel ŠILHÁN .................................................................................................................................................. 59
Active tectonics research within the sudetic marginal fault zone; Vl ice u Javorníka site
Petra ŠT PAN ÍKOVÁ, Jozef HÓK, Daniel NÝVLT and Ji í DOHNAL ........................................................ 60
Slope deformations of the central ridge of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts (Slovakia)
Petr TÁBO ÍK and Tomáš PÁNEK ................................................................................................................. 61
Rhytmic sedimentation on floodplain terrace in the Lubsza valley
Cezary TOMCZYK ........................................................................................................................................... 62
Morphology of the Bóbr Valley between Marciszów and Siedl cin – contribution to the question of the
Western Sudetes glaciations
Andrzej TRACZYK ........................................................................................................................................... 63
Origin of ramparts in the Úpská and Harrachova jáma cirques and the Mezikotlí valley, the High Sudetes
Václav TREML, Martin MARGOLD, Marek K ÍŽEK, Zbyn k ENGEL and Libor PETR .............................. 63
Geomorphological characterization of hillforts in Latgale, Latvia
Vita TURUKA................................................................................................................................................... 64
Importance of geomorphology in natural hazards and risks research
Vít VILÍMEK .................................................................................................................................................... 65
Paleogeographical evidence of the sediments from the erné jezero Lake area, the Bohemian Forest
Klára VO ADLOVÁ, Marek K ÍŽEK, Libor PETR and Pavla ŽÁ KOVÁ .................................................... 65
Shore erosion on the Klimkówka water reservoir
Łukasz WIEJACZKA ........................................................................................................................................ 66
Effects of small flood on river channel in the forested mid-mountain area – erna Opava valley in 09.
2007
Małgorzata WISTUBA...................................................................................................................................... 68
Neotectonics of the Polish Carpathians in the light of geomorphic studies
Witold ZUCHIEWICZ ...................................................................................................................................... 69
Volumetric characteristics of accumulations in Malá and Ve ká Studená dolina valleys calculated using a
digital model of relief
Miroslav ŽIAK and Marián ŠABO ................................................................................................................... 69
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The Western Slovakia extensometer net – targets and current results
Miloš BRIESTENSKÝ1) and Josef STEMBERK
Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, v.v.i, Acad. Sci. Czech Rep., V Holešovi kách 41,
182 09 Praha 8, Czech Republic.
1)
milos.b@post.sk
Keywords: crack gauge, active fault, displacements;
During last five years, an extensomtric net using TM71 gauges was being founded in the
Western Slovakia part. There was selected some significant fault structures to measure
microdisplacements connected with active fault movements as well as effects related to recent
earthquake activity. Due to effort of annual climatic dialatational effects elimination, we
suggested installation of the gauges under surface in local karst caves. There were selected
seven caves (Slopy C., Zbojnícka C., C. Sedmi ka, Plavecká C., Driny C., achická C.,
Beckovská C.) and two surface fault outcrops (Plavecké Podhradie – Dobrá Voda fault and
Smolenice fault). Most of the sites are localised at active fautl structures, what reflects e.g. by
tufas occurence, higher cave air temperature or shear cracks crossing cave sinter decoration.
The current results show remarkable displacements trends of tenths or hundreths mm per
year as well as horizontal strike-slip sences. Faults with orientation close to NW–SE direction
tend to have dextral strike-slip movements sence, and faults of NE–SW or N–S directions
tend to move in sinistral strike-slip sence. These fault displacements results are in full
agreements with current and prior geological conceptions in the area. On the other hand,
during aerthquakes the displacements sences can be changed due to stress relaxation in fault
zones too. Moreover, here was registered a displacements acceleration during tremor events
and the displacements were registered before the earthquakes as well.
Stará jímka – fossil record in the sediments of the Late Glacial
Eva B ÍZOVÁ
eská geologická služba, Klárov 3/131, 118 21 Praha 1
Keywords: palynology, Late Glacial, geological mapping;
Geological, geomorphological and palaeoecological study of Quaternary sediments was
conducted in connection with the geological mapping of the map sheet 22-333 Srní at a scale
of 1 : 25,000 (Bab rek, et al., 2006). The Stará Jímka (former lake) is near Prášily village,
below the east slope of the Poledník Mt. (1315 m a.s.l.). The Stará Jímka area lies
approximately 1500 m to the north of the Prášilské Jezero Lake. Both localities belong to the
same basin of the Jezerní Potok stream. The organic sediments were analysed on the pollen
analyses and palaeoalgology. The peatbog sediments on the map sheet Srní (22-333) are the
subject of palynological investigation and Quaternary – geological mapping. Several samples
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of the localities (Stará Jímka Lake – Pod Poledníkem) were taken to be radiocarbon dated
(Gliwice Radiocarbon Laboratory Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland).
Results of pollen analysis are used for the reconstruction of vegetational evolution in the
Bohemian/Bavarian Forest. The important and interesting sediments of the glacial lake Stará
Jímka have been found near the Prášilské Jezero lake. They were used for the new
interpretation in relation to the geological setting of the area. Lake deposits and peat-bog
sediments contained palynological and palaeoalgological assemblages. These assemblages
indicate the Late Glacial (15,000–10,250 BP) and the Holocene (10,250 BP – recent).
The palynological research was supported by the grant (research program) MZP000257801
(Czech Republic).
References
BAB REK J., B ÍZOVÁ E., HAVLÍ EK P., HRAZDÍRA P., KRUPI KA J.,
MENTLÍK P., PETÁKOVÁ Z., SKÁCELOVÁ D., ŠRÁMEK J., ŽÁ EK V., VERNER K.,
LYSENKO V. ET ŽÁK J. 2006. Vysv tlivky k základní geologické map eské republiky
1 : 25,000, list 22-333 Srní. MS, 75 s. eská geologická služba Praha.
Role of short-lasting downpours in the shaping processes in the slopes and
bottoms of valleys in the Gorce Mountains (exemplified by Jaszcze and
Jamne river valleys)
Anna BUCAŁA
Department of Geomorphology and Hydrology of Mountains and Uplands, Institute of
Geography , PAS, 31-018 Kraków, w. Jana 22, Poland,
abucala@zg.pan.krakow.pl
Key words: mass movements, heavy downpours, Gorce Mountains;
During extreme rainfalls the greatest transformation of the mountain relief is taking place.
Heavy downpours and floods are accelerating denudation of slopes as well as erosion and the
accumulation in the bottoms of valleys (Słupik, 1981, Starkel, 1996, Gil, 1998). Their
geomorphological effect depends not only on the amount and duration of rainfalls, but also on
their intensity and the spatial extent. Intensity of mass movements and floods depend also on
the relief, type and thickness of soil, a lithology and a tectonic of rocks, which determine the
infiltration rate and the runoff. Important role in mass movement triggering play also human
activity (land use, terracing, undercutting of slopes).
The aim of study is pay attention on the role of short-lasting downpours in July 1997 and
2008 in shaping of Jaszcze and Jamne valleys in the Gorce Mountains.
The narrow valley of Jaszcze with very steep slopes is covered by dense forest patches. On
the contrary Jamne Valley with predominate gentle slopes is mainly deforested.
In higher elevations of the Jaszcze catchment part meadows and pastures are prevail, in
lower an arable land is dominating. In contrast, Jamne catchment beside meadows and
pastures an arable field are reaching up to 1100 m a.s.l. (Obr bska-Starklowa, 1970).
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On the basis of analysis of air photos, after rainfalls in July 1997, 85 new shallows
landslides were registered (55 in Jaszcze valley and 30 in the Jamne valley) about the total
area of 29,700 m2. Among forms dominated slumps and mud flows of loamy-sandy regolith,
created mainly on grass covered steep slopes ( 20º), on edges of field terraces and on
colluvium of old landslides.
The flood on 23 July 2008 was also connected with heavy downpours, when daily rainfall
reached 76.3 mm at meteorological station in Ochotnica Górna. The highest water level in
Jaszcze and Jamne streams was noted about 17:00 h. The largest changes took place in the
Jamne channel, due to lower of forest cover and higher density of river network in
comparison to the Jaszcze catchment. Lateral erosion dominated above downcutting, caused
reactivation of old undercuts and developing of new ones, the height reaching up to 5 m. The
boulders up to 25 cm size were transported and the deposition of debris followed. Older
gravel bars were cut and new ones were build up. Only few small earth slumps appeared on
the slopes. Such forms in the forest were not observed.
References
GIL E., 1998. Spływ wody i procesy geomorfologiczne w zlewniach fliszowych podczas
gwałtownej ulewy w Szymbarku w dniu 7 czerwca 1985 roku, [w:] Starkel L., (red.),
Geomorfologiczny i sedymentologiczny zapis lokalnych ulew, Dokumentacja Geograficzna
11, Warszawa, s. 85–107,
OBR BSKA-STARKLOWA B., 1970. Mezoklimat zlewni potoków Jaszcze i Jamne,
Studia Naturae, Ser. A, nr 3, s. 102,
Słupik J., 1981. Rola stoku w kształtowaniu odpływu w Karpatach fliszowych, Prace
Geograficzne IGiPZ PAN, 142, s. 1–89,
STARKEL L., 1996, Geomorphic role of extreme rainfalls in the Polish Carpathians,
Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, PAN, v. 30, s. 21–38,
Philosophy of a new general geomorphological map of the Czech Republic
1 : 500,000
Jaromír DEMEK1), Karel KIRCHNER2), Peter MACKOV IN3) and Petr SLAVÍK4)
1,3,4)
The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for landscape and ornamental gardening (VÚKOZ),
v.v.i. Pr honice, Czech Republic; 2)Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic, v.v.i. Ostrava, branch Brno, Czech Republic
1)
demekj@seznam.cz, 2)k.kirchner@seznam.cz, 3)peter.mackovcin@vukoz.cz,
4)
petr.slavík@vukoz.cz
Key words: geomorphological map;
The last general geomorphological map of the Czech Republic in the scale 1 : 500,000
edited by Otakar Stehlík was published in 1965 as an addition to the book of fellow workers
of the Institute of Geography, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Brno “Geomorphology
of Czech Lands”. For the prepared Landscape Atlas of the Czech Republic, a group of
geomorphologists composed by B. Balatka (Charles University of Prague), T. Pánek
(University of Ostrava), K. Kirchner (Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech
Republic, v.v.i. Branch Brno) and J. Demek, P. Mackov in and P. Slavík (The Silva Tarouca
Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, v.v.i. Pr honice) prepared a new
general geomorphological map of the country. In agreement with recent trends in general
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geomorphology and geomorphological mapping and in relation to the final map scale
1 : 500,000, the basic mapped units are (meso) landforms classified along their appearance
(shape-mainly slope inclination and elevation), genesis and age. Authors had used as the
topographic base modified digital vectorized map in the scale 1 : 500,000 Arc R 500 of the
firm ARCDATA Praha s.r.o. Author also had used contours and elevations for the
visualization and location of landforms. Slopes in the map are divided according their
inclination into groups (0–2°, 2–5°, 5–15° and 15 and more degrees). Authors had used for
division of landforms according their origin recommendations of IGU Commission for
geomorphological research and mapping and formed groups of tectonic landforms,
Neovolcanic landforms, polygenetic erosional landforms, fluvial erosional landforms, karst
and pseudokarst landforms, gravitational erosional landforms, glacial erosional landforms,
fluvial accumulation landforms, gravitation accumulation landforms, glacial and fluvioglacial
accumulation landforms, aeolian accumulation landforms, organic landforms and
anthropogenic landforms. Origin of landforms is in the map shown by colors. Digital
elaboration of the map in the GIS milieu using software of the firm ESRI ArcGIS 9.2 ran in
the Department of GIS application of VÚKOZ in Brno and in the firm ESPRIT in Banska
Štiavnica (Slovakia). Landforms have been shown by color areas, linear and point signs. The
basic principle of the visualization is that more inclined landforms are shown by darker shade
of colors than less inclined landforms. The new geomorphological maps shows, that the relief
of the Bohemian massif and the Moravian–Silesian terrane is the result of three types of
Neotectonic processes – folding (mega folding), fault-folding and block movements. At the
same time it is clear, that the west-European platform in the collision zone of the Gondwana
and Laurussia does not reacted on neotectonic processes as the whole, but the response in
individual parts was individual and different. In the map are shown megaanticlinals and
megasynclinals. For the first time are shown various types of planation surfaces in the scale
1 : 500,000. Especially pediments and cryopediments were not mapped on the whole territory
in this scale up to now. The map has also shown the large extent of cryogenic modelation in
the cold periods of Pleistocene in the conditions of permafrost. The authors used the map of
the Quaternary rocks (P. Havlí ek, O. Holásek, M. R ži ka, J. Tyrá ek) from the Landscape
Atlas for the visualization of fluvial accumulation landforms.
Acknowledgements: The construction of the Map was supported by the project SK VaV
600/01/03 Atlas krajiny R and AVOZ 30860518.
Sedimentary evidence of landscape and climate history for the last 30 ka in
the Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic
Zbyn k ENGEL1), Daniel NÝVLT2), Marek K ÍŽEK3), Václav TREML4) and Vlasta
JANKOVSKÁ5)
1,3,4)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University in Prague,
Albertov 6, 12843 Praha, Czech Republic; 2)Czech Geological Survey, Leitnerova 22, 65869
Brno, Czech Republic; 5)Botanical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Po í í 3b, 60300
Brno, Czech Republic
1)
engel@natur.cuni.cz
Key words: mountain glaciation, pollen analysis, Late Glacial, Holocene, Krkonoše Mts.;
Sedimentary core from the cirque of Labský d l valley (1039 m a.s.l.) in the Krkonoše
Mountains reflects the environmental history since about 30,000 years ago. The analyse of
magnetic susceptibility, carbon content, pollen assemblages and macrofossil data in a 15 m
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thick sediment sequence provide the first continuous record of Lateglacial and Holocene
vegetation history in Sudetes region of the Czech Republic. The succession of sedimentary
units in the lower part of the core suggests that the cirque was ice-free before the onset of the
last glaciation at the beginning of MIS 2. Highly variable climate prevailed during this period
with cold conditions culminating about 17,000 cal. BP. Cold climate persisted until the
Lateglacial period which is evidenced by identified warming and cooling events correlated
with the Allerod and the Younger Dryas periods. Sparse, treeless vegetation dominated in the
catchment area at that time. The sequence of interrupted thinly laminated silts reflects the
retreat and temporary readvance of local glacier in the cirque during 12,500–10,800 cal. BP.
Since this period, the alpine treeline ecotone gradually shifted above the cirque floor.
Palaeoclimatic conditions in the early Holocene fluctuated strongly, whereas since 5100 cal.
BP had been more stable. The pollen-based climate reconstructions suggest significant
cooling at around 9800–9300, 7700–7300 and 4000–3300 cal. BP. Spruce forests have
dominated the site since 5000 cal. BP when the vegetation became similar to the modern one.
Anthropogenic denudation on the mining areas of the Silesian Upland
Renata DULIAS
University of Silesia, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Sosnowiec 41-200, B dzi ska 60, Poland
rdulias@wnoz.us.edu.pl
Key words: mining subsidence, anthropogenic denudation;
Silesian Upland is situated in central and south-western part of the Upper Silesian Coal
Basin. Coal extraction, conducted mainly by roof-fall method, causes mining subsidence that
is morphologically expressed by changes in relative heights, length, inclination and shape of
slopes and longitudinal profiles of valleys, as well as by the appearance of non-drainage
subsidence basins. The process of mining-induced lowering of surface may be regarded as
a specific kind of mass-movements, when the translocation occurs only vertically and the
horizontal component of movement equals zero. From such a point of view, mining
subsidence can be regarded as denudation, and the rate of surface lowering (mm/year) as the
rate of anthropogenic denudation. For several areas in the study lowering rates were
calculated by means of the two methods: from the balance of hard coal and waste rock output
for all mines since the beginning of their activity, and on the basis of morphometric analyses
with the use of archival and contemporary cartographic materials for several selected areas.
Anthropogenic denudation rates for Silesian Upland are diversified in time and space. For
example in case of a 215-year-old “Rydułtowy” coal mine it equalled 24 mm/year on average,
whereas for a 30-year-old “Moszczenica”, it reached 289 mm/year. During 1792–2003 in
D browa Coalfield land surface lowered by 2.3 m on average (11 mm/year) – between 1792–
1850 anthropogenic denudation rate equalled 0.16 mm/year, whilst on the years 1971–1980 –
32 mm/year. From the comparison of anthropogenic denudation at mining areas with data for
quasi-natural areas or regions which have been anthropogically transformed to a smaller
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degree, it can be seen that the first is decidedly the largest. Anthropogenic denudation at
mining areas currently plays an essential role in earth material removal. This implies the
necessity of further research, but with the use of uniform methods for different mining areas,
which would enable their comparison. The results indicate that on the basis of cartographic
materials dating from different periods one can draw conclusions on the changes in relief
caused not only by direct, but also indirect human impact occuring during short time periods
of several dozen or even a dozen or so years.
Allometric development of glacial cirques
Ian S. EVANS
Geography Department, Durham University, South Road, Durham City, DH1 3LE, U.K.
i.s.evans@durham.ac.uk
Key words: allometry, glacial cirques;
Many landforms develop allometrically, that is they change shape as size increases. In all
but the most dynamic situations this can be tested only by considering variation with size at a
given time, i.e. static allometry, as was proposed for cirques originally for a small population
(15) in Colorado. It is now possible to test this for several cirque populations, each much
bigger than in Olyphant’s original study. Results are presented here for different regions of
Britain, Romania, Scandinavia, Spain and British Columbia.
Results are consistent in confirming the static allometry of glacial cirques: larger cirques
are relatively longer and broader, more than they are deeper. Power coefficients for length and
width are generally above 1.0, while those for depth are significantly below (use of 95%
confidence intervals is important here). Observed values include: length 0.99, 1.08, 1.08,
1.10, 1.10, 1.12, 1.17 and 1.18; width 0.98, 0.99, 1.00, 1.01, 1.04, 1.05, 1.08 and 1.10; and
depth 0.74, 0.84, 0.85, 0.86, 0.90 & 0.91. In most regions the length exponent exceeds the
width exponent: hence the allometry cannot be explained by lateral coalescence of cirques. It
is inferred that cirque headwall retreat is faster than cirque deepening. As deep cirque lakes
attest to considerable cirque deepening, this means that cirque development in all three
dimensions is considerable.
Faster headwall recession implies support for the ‘buzzsaw hypothesis’ of rapid glacial
erosion limiting the height of many mountain ranges. Instances of complete range truncation
are, however, hard to find: coalescent and back-to-back cirques are common, but only
occasionally do intervening ridges seem to have been removed. Cirques are rarely more than
2 km long or wide. It is interesting that cirques in plateau areas, where range truncation has
clearly not occurred, are not dissimilar in size to those in more dissected mountains with
back-to-back cirques, where the buzzsaw hypothesis might be applicable.
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Complex Geomorphological Analysis of a Beskydian Mountain Stream. An
Example of the Malá Ráztoka Stream
Tomáš GALIA1) and Jan HRADECKÝ2)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10,
Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic.
1)
tom.galia@seznam.cz, 2)jan.hradecky@osu.cz
Keywords: mountain stream, macrogranulometric analysis, fluvial-geomorphologic mapping,
sediment supply, basin processes, Radhoš ská hornatina Mts.
This paper deals with a complex geomorphological analysis of one of the Beskydian
Mountain streams, Malá Ráztoka. The basin is located on the northern slopes of Radhoš ská
Hornatina Mts. The length of the stream is 2.4 km and the area of the basin is 2.02 km2. This
basin is also used as an experimental basin by the Forestry and Game Management Research
Institute (Výzkumný ústav lesního hospodá ství a myslivosti). The main point of this study is
to recognize forms of sediment input into the stream bed and its influence on
macrogranulometry of the bed sediments. This allows us to recognize important processes
that have influenced this stream since the Late Pleistocene till nowadays.
In this study various geomorphological methods were used, e.g. detailed fluvialgeomorphologic mapping of the stream bed segment and its surrounding, macrogranulometric
analysis of selected profiles and analysis of resources of the reach sediments. According to
Montgomery-Buffington classification of channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage
basins, colluvial, cascade, step-pool and plane bed systems and their combinations are found
in the studied basin. Steep alluvial channels (cascade and step-pool) have generally high ratios
of transport capacity to sediment supply. Colluvial channels are understood as source zones of
sediments for lower parts of streams.
Morphologic and hydraulic characteristics of the studied stream are very dependent on the
geologic structures. The basin is mainly located on the fronts of the Godula Formation, which
has a flysch character – sandstone banks and thin layers of claystones are shifted. The bedrock
is often uncovered in the stream bed. Banks of sandstones create steps, cascades and pools
and they influence a general character of the stream sediments. Large accumulations of
sediments are other morphologic forms which determine channel of the stream. These are
deposits of debris flows which have their resource areas mainly in steep hollows and were
active in more humid climate sequences of the Holocene and Late Pleistocene. A deep-seated
slide in the upper part of the basin was recognized which probably embanked the stream bed
in the past. Shallow slides and bank failures are also found in the basin as they locally impact
morphology and hydraulics of the stream.
Macrogranulometric analysis does not generally confirm a valid trend that clasts located in
the stream bed become smaller down the stream and that a, b and c axis of clasts are getting
more levelled. This happens by various ways of continual sediment input to the whole
channel-reach segment of the Malá Ráztoka stream.
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Influence of Włocławek Dam Reservoir on dynamics and conditions for
transport of suspension.
Piotr GIERSZEWSKI
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Piotr.Gierszewski@geopan.torun.pl
Keywords: dam reservoir, suspension concentration, spatial and temporal variation, grain
size.
One of the consequences of damming the River Vistula’s waters by the Włocławek barrage
is the change in the volume and regime of fluvial transport. The change refers to all forms of
fluvial transport. The basic reason for that change was the decrease of water flow velocity,
which at the backwater limit ranges from 0.5–0.7 ms-1, at the average water inflow of 900
m3s-1. The effect of the water velocity decrease along the dammed section (the reservoir
section close to the dam shows water velocity lower than 0.1 ms-1) is intensive sedimentation
of the clastic material transported by the River Vistula. In the upper, river section of the
reservoir the deposit shows sandy character, while in the lower, limnic part – clayey-silt
character. The natural consequence of the sedimentation processes, which take place in the
dammed section, is the decrease in the concentration of suspended matter in the water.
The main aim of this study is the analysis of reasons for the multi-annual and spatial (along
the river course) variability of the suspension concentration in the Lower Vistula River within
the zone of the river damming caused by the Włocławek barrage. Determining sources and the
mechanism of the delivery of material to the reservoir was a substantial research problem. To
this purpose variation of the composition and grain distribution of suspension and the relation
between suspension concentration and hydrological conditions was analyzed.
The research results show that in the upper-river part of the reservoir requirements of the
river suspension supplies are decisive in the turbidity course. In the low-water discharge
conditions this is the sandy and coarse-grained silt fraction suspension with the source in the
riverbed bottom deposits. In the periods of higher discharges is observed a transport of the
fine-grained silt suspension delivered from the eroded banks of the river channel. In the lower
lacustrine part, the size and features of the suspension concentration depend mainly on the
intensification of hydrodynamic and sedimentological processes taking part in the reservoir
water mass. The suspension mainly consists of the coarse grained silts. Under a slow stream
flow circumstances the sandy fraction and aggregated clay particles are deposited. Additional
source of fine and coarse-grained silt in a time of intensive reservoir water mixing are the
bottom sediments. Periodically higher concentrations of suspension taking place in the
lacustrine versus the river part of the reservoir are big scale consequences of the deposits
turbidity and resuspension processes in the Włocławek Reservoir.
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The shore zone of Jeziorsko Reservoir (Warta River, Central Poland)
Halina GROBELSKA
Polish Science Academy, Institute of Geography, Department of Geomorphology and
Hydrology of Lowland, Kopernika 19, 87 – 100 Toru , Poland
Keywords: water reservoir, fluctuations, shore zone, mass movement;
Jeziorsko Reservoir was created in 1986–1992 on Warta River. This is a reservoir with big
water level fluctuations, amount 5 my-1. During a period of maximum water level this is
second by surface and fourth by capacity reservoir in Poland. In this stage the reservoir has 16
km length and capacity over 202.3 mln m3, coast line has over 44.3 km. During a period of
minimum water level, from December to February, surface of reservoir decrease from 42.3
km2 to 19.6 km2, that is 54% of surface is dry!
The bank builds Quaternary glacial sediments (tills, sands and clays) and Pliocene clays in
few places. Since 1992 when the filling was finish, coast line has started evolution as a result
of accumulation, abrasion, erosion and mass movement processes. More than 2/3 no fixed
banks are still active! The most frequency are abrasive type of shore zone with cliff high from
few centimeters to 10 m. In the highest part of bank develop mass movements. These
processes are very intensive and cause developing of landslides and slumps. Accumulative
forms in this shore zone are very seldom and are in initial stage of their evolution.
This shore zone evolution and processes dynamic appraised on analyses of cartographic and
photogrammetric materials and field researchers.
The work has been done under financial support of Ministry of Science and Higher
Education, Poland, Project No. N N306 0330 33.
Using of the aerial and ground photogrammetry in monitoring shore zone
of Jeziorsko Reservoir (Warta River, Central Poland)
Halina GROBELSKA and Sebastian TYSZKOWSKI
Polish Science Academy, Institute of Geography, Department of Geomorphology and
Hydrology of Lowland, Kopernika 19, 87 – 100 Toru , Poland
Keywords: photogrammetry, water reservoir, monitoring
Jeziorsko Reservoir was created in 1986–1992 on Warta River, and it is one of the biggest
reservoirs on polish lowlands. The reservoir has 16 km length and capacity over 202.3 mln
m3, coast line has over 44.3 km. Banks builds Quaternary glacial sediments (tills, sands and
clays), and in few places Pliocene clays. Since 1992 when the filling was finish, coast line has
started evolution of accumulation, abrasion and erosion processes. High fluctuations of water
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level during exploitation of reservoir amount 5 m y-1 additionally intensified natural coast
changes.
Main issue of the researches is to create model of costal line evolution on big water
fluctuations reservoirs. The paper aims at presenting contemporary research methods based on
Geographical Information Systems, which may be used for support and analyzing
morphodynamic processes (geomorphological and fluvial) of reservoirs. Caused there were
no earlier researches was necessary to use method which give competent quality and
credibility measure of changes. Authors aimed to reconstruction of conditions banks dynamic
since 1986.
The following cartographic and photogrammetric materials were used: topographic maps at
a scale of 1 : 5000, 1 : 10,000, aerial photographs taken in 1986, 1991, 2004 and an
ortophotomap from 2005 at scale 1 : 5000. Ground photogrammetry was used for current
processes recording in costal zone like mass movements (topples, landslides) and banks
erosion. Other data from field studies were collected with the use of the GPS (the Global
Positioning System). Changes in reservoir costal zone detected on aerial photographs were
mainly situated in the highest banks zone. Ground photogrammetry is using for current coast
and abrasion monitoring. Photos are working out as a stereo pairs, made for photostereoscope
analysis and as a single photo for seasonal metric measure.
Thanks to used GIS the gained horizontal mean accuracy was below 0.5 m for
photogrammetry and 0.2–1.0 m for ground photogrammetry. The data base is using currently
construct in and for mobile and desktop GIS.
The work has been done under financial support of Ministry of Science and Higher
Education, Poland, Project No. N N306 0330 33
The coarse fluvial sediments in a mid-mountain valley - distribution,
parameters and significance
Filip HARTVICH
Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,
V Holešovi kách 41, Prague 8, 182 09, Czech Republic.
hartvich@irsm.cas.cz
Keywords: coarse fluvial sediments, Digital gravelometer, flood consequences, sediment
analysis, Šumava Mts.
Coarse gravelly and sandy sediments in the channel and floodplain were analysed in order
to assess the most important sources of the material and their significance for the material.
The studied Losenice River is a mid-mountain stream, situated on the steep NE slopes of the
Šumava Mts.
The coarse sediment was analysed using various methods. The accumulation bodies,
floodplain material, point bars and in-channel bars were identified and sampled. The
floodplain material was collected using both the soil probes and pit probes. The collected
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samples were analysed in the sedimentological laboratory to assess the grain-size distribution
and a systematic analysis of the largest sediment bodies both in the channel and in the
floodplain was performed, using both measuring of parameters of large clasts in series of
profiles, and photoanalyses of coarse sand/gravel using the Digital gravelometer software.
The results of the analyses indicate the persisting long-time influence of large, slope-based
sources of angular material (land- and rockslides, debris flows), rather negligible influence of
the tributaries on the coarse sediment occurrence and strong impact of the floods on the valley
floor morphology and material. Also, a strong coupling between the overall valley
morphology and channel character was documented.
General Scheme of the Western Carpathian Stream Channel Behaviour
Jan HRADECKÝ and Václav ŠKARPICH
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10,
Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic.
jan.hradecky@osu.cz, skarpich@centrum.cz
Keywords: river morphology, landscape evolution, sediment supply, stream
(dis)connectivity, stream channel evolution scenario, Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.
Long term landscape evolution affects the morphology of stream channels. The paper
summarizes stream channel changes within the natural state of landscape void of man activity
(traditional scheme of river stream adjustments during the Quaternary). Beskydian water
streams have typical morphology given by huge sediment delivery to the channels. Quantity
of this sediment volume was different during the Pleistocene and Holocene times. The main
attention is paid to the landscape evolution after mountain colonization after the year 1500.
Progressive transformation of the stream morphology has occurred due to fundamental
changes in the landscape structure and land use. This can be understood as retrogressive
development of water stream morphology which is similar to the post glacial phase. The
changes were studied with the use of geomorphologic mapping, particle size analyses, and
historical analyses of land use as well as through the study of analogical changes around the
world. A scenario was established of the landscape evolution and stream channel
morphogenesis in the post glacial period. The basin of the Morávka River was selected as an
example. Transparent changes in the stream morphology were identified here. The changes
were analysed and the causative factors were assessed by means of the system approach. One
of the most valuable tools was identification of landforms and processes which led to the
landscape connectivity or disconnectivity. Landscape is understood as structuralised space
that caused sediment supply transformation due to man-induced changes. This state of
research did not enable the quantification of the total volume of sediment input and transport
through the Beskydian landscape, however, it provided the description of the main barrier
processes and main sediment supply sources. A scenario was created which operates with the
classification of sediment sources, barriers, buffers and blankets and man induced and natural
processes and structures within the typical Carpathian basin system.
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Effects of active tectonics on fluvial system of the upper Morava basin
development
Mojmír HRÁDEK
Institute of geonics v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Drobného 28, Brno,
602 00, Czech Republic.
Key words: mountain rising, drainage patterns, neotectonics, river capture, backward erosion,
downstream control.
Fluvial system of the Morava River has evolved in the middle part of Sudetes Mts.
Headwaters of the Morava River system are situated to structural position between the
margins of two gneiss domes – that of Orlice-Kladsko Dome (OKD) and Keprník–Desná
Dome (KDD). Older phase of latter tectonics, so-called saxonian, has led in post-Upper
Cretaceous period to activation of the mentioned domes and belt of sudetic faults giving rice
to Middle Sudetes Mts. Uplifts linked with inherited movements acting on older structural
basements of OKD triggered a deformations of surface at eastern margin of the Bohemian
Cretaceous Basin (BCB). It was namely thrust-faults that in time between Paleogene–
Neogene give rise to system of synclinal and anticlinal with vertical displacement 0.6–1.0 km.
Deformations of the basinal surface has cause regional changes in drainage. Tilted surface of
the synclinal eastern flanks initiated trellis drainage pattern origin with west flowing drainage.
Subsequent neotectonic movements between Pliocene and Pleistocene, with amplitude up to
300 m, which led to origin of Mohelnická brázda Furrow through-flown by Morava R., has
resulted in reversion of original drainage. Tectonic downdroppings has cause degradation of
local basal level of erosion and triggered powerfull wave of backward and downward erosion
as well as change in fluvial system development with downstream control. Drainage of the
BCB eastern margin represented by Moravská Sázava and T eb vka R. has reversed to the
east. Both rivers were turn to Mohelnická brázda Furrov and due to downward cutting
captured by Morava R. tributaris. Valleys of both rivers carved gorges through warped
anticlinal ridge of Záb ežská vrchovina Upland. Age of the both deep valleys is younger than
previously thougt.
Wave of backward erosion affected the basin of upper Morava R. as well where namely
tributary valley of the Desná R. was cut down and added to southern part of Hrubý Jeseník
Mts. features of alpine mountain geomorfology. Valley of upper Morava R. was less
influenced by process of downward cutting because of its headwaters are situated on margins
of the both mentioned domes, Morava R. on the eastern margin of OKD in masif of Kralický
Sn žník and Morava R. tributary Branná R. on western margin KDD. On the other hand
valley of the Desná R. intervene to interior of the mountain with the biggest amplitudes. The
second of Morava R. tributary Krupá R. flow by contrast in its middle reach in hanging
position of downdropped and structurally conditioned Starom stská kotlina Basin between the
both domes and above valleys of Morava and Branná Rivers.
Active tectonics has affected both the valley forms and river type origin. On blocks
dropped down in Starom stská kotlina Basin and in Mohelnická brázda Furrow anastomose
river systeme has arisen.
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Altitudinal limit of the ice-sheet glaciation in Northern Bohemia – new
evidence from the saddle under And lský vrch hill
Barbora JANÁSKOVÁ1) and Zbyn k ENGEL2)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
1)
janaskov@centrum.cz, 2)engel@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: ice-sheet glaciation, Behemian Massif, GPR, erratics
The Pleistocene continental ice-sheet reached the northern margin of the Bohemian Massif
several times. The maximum altitude of an ice-sheet expansion is one of the most important
paleogeographic information. So far, Old ichovské sedlo Col (478 m a.s.l.) has been
considered as the highest point croossed by the ice-sheet (Králík 1989) in Northern Bohemia.
Similar glaciation limit (glacial sediments in 460 m) was detected only near Filipov village in
Šluknov spur (Nývlt 2008).
A new evidence documenting even higher altitudinal extent of continental ice sheet was
discovered in a shallow pass between Smrk (1124 m) and And lský vrch hill. Geophysical
measurements and sediment cores confirmed Králík´s (1989) hypothesis of glaciation of this
site. Six profiles (total length of 2500 m) were measured in the area using Ground Penetrating
Radar (GPR) method. Results show the presence of a sediment filled depression located in the
lowermost part of the pass. Morphology of the depression indicates a channel shaped by
glacial meltwater and filled by glacifluvial sediments probably.
Three cores (down to the depth of 430, 510 and 235 cm) were realized in the pass to verify
this hypothesis. Alternating layers of gravel, sand and thinly laminated clays were detected in
the cores. A variety of nordic erratics in gravel layers (depths of 180–370 cm) suggest that the
site should be considered as the highest location in the Northern Bohemia where the presence
of the Pleistocene ice-sheet has been proved.
References
KRÁLÍK, F. (1989): Nové poznatky o kontinentálních zaledn ních severních ech.
Sborník geologických v d, Praha, Antropozoikum, 19, p. 9–74.
NÝVLT, D. (2008): Paleogeografická rekonstrukce kontinentálního zaledn ní Šluknovské
pahorkatiny. Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague. PhD thesis, 103 p.
Automatization of the base surface delimitation – Case Study in FatranskoTur iansky region
Karel JEDLI KA1) and Ján SLÁDEK2)
1)
Section of Geomatics, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University
of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Univerzitní 22, Pilsen, 306 14, Czech Republic; 2)Department of
Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences Comenius Univerzity,
Mlynská dolina, Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
1)
smrcek@kma.zcu.cz, 2)sladek@fns.uniba.sk
Keywords: base surface, Geomorphologic Information System;
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The article describes a possible way of automated delimitation of base surfaces in the
environment of Geomorphologic Information System (GmIS) in the study area of
surroundings of Tur ianská kotlina Basin.
The article first describes creation of hydrologically correct digital terrain model (with
emphasis on sink elimination). Consequently the paper describes an automated delimitation of
drainage network with Strahler ordering. From this hierarchical network, base surfaces of
second and higher orders are calculated. Also a procedure of possibility of automated
delimitation of ridge parts and residual surface is outlined.
Above mentioned automatically delimited data layers are afterwards compared with layers
manually delimited in south-west part of study area. Based on this comparison, there is
discussed the possibility of using automated process in GmIS for expansion to larger areas.
Surroundings of Tur ianská kotlina Basin has been selected as the study area (the contrast
of horsts and scarp graben can be there clearly seen). The Tur ianská kotlina is enclosed with
circumjacent mountains Malá Fatra, Velká Fatra, Žiar a Kremnické vrchy and their nearby
foregrounds. The selected area represents broad spectrum of morphographic types of georelief
(from plains to high mountains) and also various georelief forms (from wide and flat alluvial
plants to narrow rock ridges). Such a heterogeneous test area allows in-depth examining of
used automated processes for base surface delimitation.
The first author was supported by the Research Plan MSM 4977751301. The second author
was supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contracts No.
ESF-EC-0006-07 and Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak
Republic and Slovak Academy of Science, project number 1/4042/07.
Geomorphological mapping in the Southern part of „Veltrubský Luh“
natural reserve
Jan JURÁ EK
Institute Of Geosciences, Faculty Of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá ská 2, 611 37 Brno,
jan.juracek@seznam.cz
Keywords: flood plaingeomorphology-Elbe-Czech Plateau
“Veltrubský luh“ natural reserve
represents the area of Elbe flood
plain with former flooded meanders,
covered
by
alluvial
forest.
Geomorphological mapping was
carried out in the southern part of the
reserve in order to contribute for
geomorphological recognition and to
evaluate
measurement
of
anthropogenic transformation of the
georelief. It was realized in March
2008 on topographic map 1 : 10,000.
The area is made by Holocene dark
brown to black flood loams with
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organic impurity followed by clay loams, clayey sands deeply with pebbles of quartz, with
total thickness about 6.0 m. Their bottom layer is formed by Upper Pleistocene sands and
gravel sands and Cretaceous sediments of >20 m thickness – Turonian marlites, sandstones
and sands a Cenomanian clay sandstones. Anthropogenic deposits are occured in small range.
It is supposed for existence of fault N of natural reserve (thanks to drills), which is directly
connected with "Pod brady" fault in NNW and "železnohorský" fault in SSE ( ech, Holásek
2007). They were distinguished 2 groups of forms: fluvial and anthropogenic. The largest area
of geomorphological map covers flat or gently undulating fluvial plain to 2 m above the river
level. The most important depressions are former meanders of 3 levels. Dry troughs were
formed during floods by gully erosion and they are evidences of very high dynamic
development of fluvial geosystem. Particularly NW of this area was influenced by
anthropogenic impact. Main anthropogenic forms are dams and depressions. The beginning of
forming of recent flood plain is joined with sudden climatic change in Little Ice Age in the
16th century (R ži ková, Zeman 1994). Its natural progress was disturbed by digging out of
new trough for shipping traffic and building of dams.
References
ECH, S., HOLÁSEK, O.: Kvartérní a k ídové sedimenty mezi Velkým Osekem, Veltruby
a Sendražicemi. Zprávy o geologických výzkumech v roce 2006, 2007, pp. 20-24
R ŽI KOVÁ, E., ZEMAN, A. (eds.): Holocene Flood Plain Of The Labe River. Praha:
Geologický ústav AV R, 1994. 116 pp., app.
New data of the Lateglacial–Holocene evolution of the Vistula river valley
downstream of Krakow
Tomasz KALICKI
Institute of Geography, Jan Kochanowski University, wi tokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce,
Poland
tomaszkalicki@ymail.com
Keywords: Late Glacial, Holocene, river evolution, human impact, climate changes, Vistula
river
The Vistula river downstream of Krakow flows in the western part of Sandomierz Basin in
foot of the Carpathians. Flood plain, 3–7 km wide and 4–5 m above river level, has
complicate structure. Several segments of various age occur within valley bottom – erosional
‘remnants’ of the Late Glacial, braided alluvial plains and numerous palaeomeanders from the
Late Glacial (large palaeochannels) and Holocene (small ones). Detailed studies carried out in
the last years allowed to state new data for reconstruction of fluvial history.
The Vistula river between Niepołomice and Raba river mouth had anabranching pattern in
the Eoholocene. It proves palaeomeanders both in the north and south marginal parts of the
flood plain cut off in the similar periods – Preboreal and Boreal. It is possible that this river
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pattern continued during the Mesoholocene. Strong incision took place after two avulsion in
the end of Atlantic and Subboreal. Due to that lower step of flood plain developed.
Palaeogeographic and archaeological studies have created a unique opportunity to analyse
selected aspects of the interaction between local communities and the natural environment
during the first centuries AD (Roman time and Middle Ages). One of this is problem of
subfossil trees finding in the alluvia. ‘Black oaks’ reflected on the one hand climatic changes
(phases of an increase of river activity) and on the other anthropogenic activity (phases of
germination).
Quaternary changes of river network on western slope of Andes: key
studies of Rio Colca (S-Peru)
Tomasz KALICKI1) and Józef KUKULAK2)
1)
Institute of Geography, Jan Kochanowski University, ul. wi tokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce,
Poland; 2)Institute of Geography, Pedagogical University, ul. Podchor ych 2, 30-084
Kraków, Poland
1)
tomaszkalicki@ymail.com, 2)jkukulak@ap.krakow.pl
Keywords: Peru, Colca canyon, geomorphology, Quaternary
Study area is located in the southern Peru in the Western Cordillera of Andes. Project
„Quaternary evolution of Colca canyon (Peruvian Andy) – role of structure, neotectonic and
climatic changes” was realised during expedition in 2006 and 2008. Geomorphological
researches were carried out both in Colca valley between Canocota (upstream of Chivay) and
Madrigal (section of 40 km length) and in Colca canyon upstream of Canco (20 km section
near Cabanaconde and three cross sections) and also reconnaissances in valleys of tributaries:
Huaruro, Huambo, Gloriahuasi and Andauha/Ayo.
Present-day valley of Colca river is a result of capture and join of two independend
subsystems. First of them was endorheic subsystem of intermountain grabens from the Lower
Pliocene with lake in the end of the Pliocene and the beginning of the Pleistocene. During
volcanic eruptions ashes sedimented their and lava flows localy reached the lake. Second
subsystem was drainage basin of river, which flow to the Pacific Ocean. As a consequence of
headward erosion endorheic grabens (1. subsystem) with whole drainage pattern were
included in Pacific drainage basin. Range near Pincholio was erosional cut in tectonicly
determined place. Firstly, it is depression of downthrow of fault with NNE–SSW direction
and moreover, the cut is connected with fracture line with W–E direction, on which developed
whole upper section of canyon. The capture took place probably in the middle Pleistocene and
caused an incision and a formation of erosional–accumulation terraces cut in lacustrine series
and also reorientation of outflow in the western part of valley (change of direction of terrace
slope). However until now a lack of changes (rejuveniting) of longitudinal profile of the
Colca valley is observed. It could be caused by young age of capture, neotectonic movements
and also river overloading by colluvia directly upstream of the capture place.
The canyon itself was also formed by volcanic and lanslide processes. Lava flows
periodically dammed river outflow causing lake orgin, whose traces like lacustrine sediments
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occur near Canco. With landslide processes the characteristic semicircular structure on the
right side of canyon near Tapay (above touristic village Paradise), could be probably matched.
Activity of debris flows in the light of lichenometric datings and aerial
photographs (Tatra Mts)
Stanisław K DZIA
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. w. Jana
22, 31-018 Kraków, Poland
kedzia@zg.pan.krakow.pl
Keywords: Tatra Mts, lichenometric, debris flows, aerial photographs
One of the most measurable indices of the influence of climate oscillations on the relief of
high mountains are debris flows. Basing on numerous in the last decades series of aerial
photographs taken for the Polish part of the Tatra Mountains, it is possible to study spatial and
temporal changes of the activity of this type of forms. In order to reconstruct earlier changes
of slope processes, i.e. before 1955 (when the first series of aerial photographs for the Tatras
was taken), a lichenometric dating with the application of thalluses of Rhizocarpon
geographicum was applied. The preliminary investigations with the use of both methods were
carried out at the scree under Po rednia and Skrajna Turnia, which had already been the
object of similar investigations, and were described in literature. The results of these
investigations indicate a large dependence between the activity of debris flows and the
periods of the occurrence of the increased frequency of extreme precipitation and increased
precipitation totals. According to lichenometric investigations, in the 19th and beginning of the
20th centuries, slope processes showed very large activity.
Geomorphology of gap valleys of the Svratka River in the vicinity of the
Veverská Bítýška town
Karel KIRCHNER1), Zden k MÁ KA2) and Slavomír NEHYBA3)
1)
Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Branch Brno,
Drobného 28, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic, 2)Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science,
Masaryk University, Kotlá ská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic, 3) Institute of Geological
Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá ská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
1)
kirchner@geonika.cz, 2)macka@sci.muni.cz, 3)slavek@sci.muni.cz
Keywords: geomorphology, gap valleys, Svratka River, Veverská Bítýška town
The middle course of the Svratka River valley NW from Brno town is characterized as
mosaic of tectonic-based basins and connecting gap sections. Our attention was concentrated
on geomorphology of the gap valleys N and SE from Veverská Bítýška town. Detailed
geomorphological and geophysical research was carried out in Obora site – the gap valley SE
from Veverská Bítýška town. Within the framework of sedimentary–petrographical research
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we focused on remnants of the fluvial sediments in the different levels above Svratka River.
Several occurrences of both Neogene and Quaternary fluvial deposits were newly described.
The onset of the valley formation started in Pliocene–Quaternary periods. At the turn of the
Pliocene and Quaternary, during the Lower and Middle Pleistocene, the morphostratigraphic
levels (relative elevations up to 30 m, 31–40 m and 60–75 m) originated there which could be
correlated with the middle and upper river terraces. Tectonic movements have taken part in
the Svratka River formation. The depression at the Obora site has evolved through young
horizontal tectonic movements in several phases like a pull-apart basin.
The middle course of the Svratka River valley in the NW part of the Brno region has
features of both the old pre-Miocene topography and the Quaternary topography of gap valley
sections with cryogenic formation and high dynamics of processes. The role of young
horizontal tectonic movements will need to be solved in the future.
Research was supported by grant projects – Grant Foundation of the Czech Republic no.
205/06/1024 and project no. AVOZ 30860518 (Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of
the Czech Republic, v.v.i.).
Historical activity and the transformation of small sandy-bedded upper
Odra tributaries; Ko le Plain, Upper Silesia.
Kazimierz KLIMEK
University of Silesia, Earth Sciences Faculty, 41-200 Sosnowiec, B dzi ska 60, Poland.
klimek@wnoz.us.edu.pl
The Ko le Plain (200–240
m a.s.l.) is located in Upper
Silesia. It is surrounded by
clay-loess plateaux (up to
300–330 m a.s.l.) and parts of
the Silesian Upland (Fig. 1).
The Ko le Plain is covered by
lithologically
diverse
Quaternary deposits related to
the Scandinavian ice sheet –
Odra/Saale glaciation, which reached the Moravian Gateway around 300,000 years ago. The
ice sheet deposited genetically and granulometrically diverse glacigenic deposits. Some of
these were smoothed in the periglacial climatic conditions of the last scandinavian glaciation.
The eastern part of the Ko le Plain is drained by two tributaries of the Odra River: the
Bierawka River and the Ruda River, which dissect forested plains. In the past these rivers
have a classic pattern of meandering channels. In some places, riparian trees falling into
riverbeds considerably increased their sinuosity.
Traces of the braided channels have been preserved in the topography of the lower reach of
the Ruda valley. These indicate the incidence of significant floods in the past. Tree trunks
embedded in the alluvia (Fig. 2A), have been dated back dendrochronologically to the end of
the 14th century suggest, that such floods could have been caused by an increase in the
intensity and/or frequency of the precipitation that marked the beginning of the Little Ice Age.
However, the significant economic development of the region that occurred in this period and
the considerable deforestation linked to this, could also have been an important contributing
factor in these floods.
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Agricultural colonisation
did not reach as far as the
neighbouring
Bierawka
valley.
However,
the
development
of
the
metallurgical industry based
on local bog ores, which
started in the 18th century,
transformed the course of its
channel. The mining of coal
in its source area, marked
changes in the petrography
of the alluvia (Fig.2B).
Landslide risk in the city of Zlín
Jan KLIMEŠ
Institute of rock structure and mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,
V Holešovi kách 41, Prague 8, 182 09, Czech Republic.
jklimes@centrum.cz
Keywords: landslide risk, Zlín, Czech Republic, flysh
Landslides are important phenomena of landscape evolution, but may cause extensive
damage and looses on urbanized areas, where the highest density of elements at risk is
presented. One of the major Moravian cities situated within highly landslides susceptible
region is department capital Zlín. There is long time record about landslide occurrence within
the contemporary city limits reaching back to 1941 and going up to 2006, when the latest
major landslide reactivation occurred. The most abundant landslide type are soils slips and
earth flows occurring on steep erosional slopes of the main river D evnice and its tributaries.
Topographical constrains force to occur major development on the river valley slopes, thus
entering more susceptible terrains, which may in the future lead to increase of landslide risk.
Thus the study focuses on description of recent level of landslide risk through historical
landslide inventory map, susceptibility assessment and evaluation of vulnerability of the
presented elements at risk.
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High-water stages in Koszarawa’s bed in Jele nia ( ywiecki Beskid)
geomorfological and dendrochronological reconstructions of events
Agnieszka KLOSOK
University of Silesia, Earth Sciences Faculty, B dzi ska str 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
agath100@wp.pl
Keywords: landslides, high-water stages, dendrochronology, river-bed, Zywiecki Mts
In recent millennia sequence of geomorphologic process was mainly conditioned by
natural factors, it is: hydrological and meteorological events and broadly defined climatic
oscillations. In recent century Koszarawa’s basin was visited by many extremal water stages.
Reasons of those high-water stages are usually rainstorms and rain expensive. Koszarawa’s
bed in high-water stages conditions are still transforming. It accompany with strong bank
erosion rate, came into being there landslips and landslides as well as significant stability of
slope Janikowa Grapa’s side (727m a.s.l.) with is 1 km long.
This rapport was to define changes in slope and river–bed system functioning, intensity of
alluvial side erosion in contact with the river and also with present mass movements
correlation with the highest-water stages. Evidence of those changes is
dendrogeomorfological analysis of roots and woods with grow on landslides and on the side
of Koszarawa’s river-bed. The 47 woods’ cores and 30 roots being in direct and indirect with
the river were they subjected to dendrochronological analysis.
Affirmation of high-water stages are numerous secondary – landslides and slump side,
blocks of rocks and exposed roots and their scars which were probably caused by
transportation of the river’s colluviums. Based on roots dendrochronology analysis concluded
the evidences of existence of 4 high-water stages which appeared from 1983. However
woods’ core analysis with were collected from landslide show about 10 strong high-water
stages which appeared from 1909. Anatomical changes within exposed roots tie in with the
dates of extremal water stages in Zywicki Beskid Mts areas registered by various authors.
Events of mass movements tie in also with the dates of high-water stages. Secondary –
landslides, within the older from, take places after periods during which extremal water stages
appeared.
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The windthrows in Šumava Mts. caused by Kyrill hurricane and terrain
features
Jaromír KOLEJKA1), Martin KLIMÁNEK2), Tomáš MIKITA3) and
Jaroslav SVOBODA4)
1,2)
Institute of Geonics, Brno Branch, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Drobného
28, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic; 3)Institute of Geoinformation Technologies, Mendel
University of Agriculture and Forestry, Zem d lská 1, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic;
4)
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bo ní II 1401,
141 31 Praha 4, Czech Republic
1)
2)
kolejka@geonika.cz, klimanek@mendelu.cz, 3)tomas@mikita.cz, 4)svoboda@ufa.cas.cz
Keywords: windthrow, GIS analysis, digital elevation model, wind direction modelling
The Hurricane Kyrill has affected vast areas of the Šumava Mts. during the night of
January 18th 2007. On both sides of the state border it totally or partly damaged dozens of
square kilometers of the forest in all zones of the Šumava National Park and the Bayerischer
Wald National Park. In 2005, the Šumava was singled out as a test area for the STRiM project
“Remotely accessed decision support system for transnational environmental risk
management“ in the frame of the program INTERREG IIIB CADSES, which focuses on
analyzing, classifying, quantifying and solving environmental problems across the border.
The results can facilitate a steady development of the areas on both sides of the border and
induce mutual support in the crisis management. The project’s aim is to use the commonly
used geoinformation technologies (GIT) and to contribute to their further development in
forestry, mainly with regard to their application in predicting imminent risks of windthrows.
Therefore, GIT may significantly contribute, if not to the reduction of the number of
devastating winds, at least to the minimization of the damage and a quick recovery. The
research hypothesis presumes that the incidence of windthrows, the amount of harm done and
the cost of alleviating it are in close relationship with natural factors of the area and especially
terrain features of the landscape. The geostatistical analysis has identified that the individual
terrain features – slope, aspect and sea elevation derived from DEM – compared with the
general (at the closest meteostations) wind direction provided less reliable results. Much
better results were given by the comparative analysis of local wind directions modeled
separately and mentioned terrain features. Very applicable results are based on the integrated
physical and forest canopy features where terrain parameters play relatively additional role.
Record of environment pollutions in tree stand along Równica’s way
(Silesian Beskid)
Agnieszka KŁOSOK1), Michał SOBALA2)
University of Silesia, Earth Sciences Faculty, B dzi ska str 60,41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
1)
agath100@wp.pl, 2)msobala@wp.pl
Keywords: dendrochronology, trees, pollutions, road, Silesian Beskid
Roads are one of the activist and the most popular forms on mountain’s areas.
Anthropogenic changes in nature have a significant influence on formation of soil cover,
hydrology and affect on tree-stand condition. Trees, similarly as another living organism,
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react on anthropogenical stress, especially dust and gaseous pollutions. Gaseous emissions are
caused by excessive traffic which result in anatomical and morphological changes in wood.
Contemporary forestation of Rownica’s side is a result of lasting from 500 years logging.
Its culmination’s fall on the second half of XIX century. Subsequently introduced unreal
forestation which caused secondary succession. In this time follow also settlement and spatial
structure development. Road constructions in 1921 which led to Równica were probably the
most significant reason of transformation and forestation. Lock of systematic measurement of
forestation in the past, it allowed to use dendroindycation and dendroclimatology methods.
Those methods let use deine changes which took place in recent 150 years ago. Changes in
the trees rings are recording in accuracy to one year.
Influence of pollutions along the Równica’s road marked conifers: Pinus sylvestris and
Picea abies. However less in Larix deciduas. Sensitivity on pollutions, in case of deciduous
trees, genres at this Fagus sylvatica was lesser. Affirmation of researches are numerous
anatomical changes which were in the second half of XX century manifest itself as tree rings
reductions. Majority of cores recorded many changes of habitat conditions after 1920 and
1935. Sequence occurred after each othet some tree rings reduction is a result of many various
environment pollutions. Intensity of traffic growth after 1970, when Rownica’s road was
hardened. Then the top of Równica started to be more accessible place for people.
Influence of slope deformations on morphology of drainage dividing
parts: Introduction
Veronika KOMÁRKOVÁ1) and Tomáš PÁNEK2)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, University of
Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 710 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
1)
R08770@student.osu.cz, 2)tomas.panek@osu.cz
Keywords: slope deformations, drainage divide, slip plane
Morphological features characteristic for the slope movements in the ridgetop parts as
tension cracks, ridgetop depressions, uphill-facing scarps and pseudokarst caves are described
in worldwide basis. Despite that, this phenomenon hasn’t been studied in detail yet. We have
determined 5 types of the slope deformations – the drainage dividing parts interactions: i)
ridge fragmentation, where the ridge is disintegrated due to the horizontal movements; ii)
interfluve displacement, where the slip plane daylights on the reverse slope of the ridge crest
and the slow lowering of the crest occurs; iii) spur collapse, where the slip plane gets through
the crest line, causing its reduction and relocation; iv) edifice collapse, involving partial or
complete destruction of the peak or the ridge crest and the creation of new relief; v) broken
crest, where the slip plane gets through the crest line perpendicularly. The ridge
fragmentation is a case of the initial stage of the slope deformations when the slip plane
develops. The advanced stage occurs with the first slow vertical movements and is
represented by the interfluve displacement in the form of the deep seated creep. The collapses
and the broken crest are typical for the mature stage when the slow movements convert into
the rapid ones, usually into the rock avalanches. The shallow seated deformations have less
impact on the changes in the ridgetop parts than the deep seated slope deformations.
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Quaternary deposits of the Bielovodska Valley (Dolina Białki), High Tatra
Mountains
Maria BAUMGART-KOTARBA and Adam KOTARBA
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-018
Kraków, ul. w. Jana 22, Poland
kotarba@zg.pan.krakow.pl
Key words: Quaternary deposits, deglaciation, shallow seismics, High Tatra
Bielovodska Valley/Dolina Białki was modelled during the Last Glacial (20–8 Ka BP).
Valley glacier, 14 km long, the longest in a whole Tatra, was fed from the system of hanging
cirques and troughs – Žabia Bielovodska dolina, Rybi Potok (5.2 km2), Roztoka (7.2 km2) and
Waksmundzka Valley (1.9 km2).
The number and extent of Pleistocen glaciations, as well as thickness of ice masses were
studied by many researchers – J. Partsch (1923), E. Romer (1929), B. Halicki (1930), M.
Klimaszewski (1962, 1988), M. Lukniš (1973). Detailed geomorphological maps by M.
Lukniš and M. Klimaszewski present synthetic picture of landforms and deposits related to
the Last Glaciation. 14C data from organic deposits taken from peat-bogs located within
moraine depressions and lacustrine deposits in high-mountain tarns, make it possible to
interpret history of Tatra deglaciation. A new TL, OSL and 36Cl data give information on the
deglaciation phases, even if some data are controversial.
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to explain complex structure of Quaternary forms,
thickness and properties of deposits by use geophysical methods in 5 km long glacial trough
of the Bielovodska dolina (the outlet of tributary valleys Rybi Potok to terminal depression at
Łysa Polana). Shallow seismic soundings of deposits filling the bottom of the Bielovodska
Valley (Białka Valley) were undertaken in collaboration with geophysicists of AGH
University of Science and Technology, Kraków. Variability in the glacial drift, glaciofluvial
and fluvial deposits corresponds with a wide range of seismic velocities. In the refraction
surveying on longitudinal and cross profiles in the valley, both on the Polish and Slovak side,
we have interpreted gradual deepening of glacial trough from 20–30 m in the confluence zone
of the Roztoka Valley, to the depth of 148 m in the area of Ni na Polana pod Wołoszynem –
Palenica Białcza ska (along Tisovka ridge). Glacial erosion effect in the zone of terminal
moraines is smaller. Rocky step under Quaternary deposits is probably related to very
resistant Ramsau dolomites (Łysa Skałka). These recrystallised dolomites are characterized
by seismic velocities 5700 m/s. Similar values were measured for Lower Triassic quartzite
and quartzite conglomerates (5500–5700 m/s). Geophysical data indicate that down of the
Roztoka Valley outlet, the glacial overdeepening was controlled by the growing glacier mass.
In the zone of Palenica Białcza ska glacial trough is mainly cut within Carpathian Keuper
less resistant shales (seismic velocity 2700 m/s).
The infilling of glacial trough took place progressively as the glacier melted from
maximum moraines (M. Baumgart-Kotarba, A. Kotarba 1997). The values of seismic
velocities within Quaternary deposits increase from 650 m/s (fluvial), through 800–1600 m/s
(glaciofluvial) to 2000 m/s in glacial drift-moraines or proximal parts of bouldery
glaciofluvial cones. In the reflection profile (Palenica Białcza ska) lacustrine deposits 40–50
thick were disinguished (1800 m/s). There are also documented erosion contacts within
moraine deposits interpreted as results of glacial oscillations.
Source: Baumgart-Kotarba M., Dec J., Kotarba A., lusarczyk R., 2008. Glacial trough
and sediment infill of the Biała Woda Valley (High Tatra Mountains) using geophysical and
geomorphological methods. Studia Geomorphologica Carpatho-Balcanica, XLII, 75–108.
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Temperature regime of patterned ground in the High Sudetes
Marek K ÍŽEK, Václav TREML, Zbyn k ENGEL and Petra NYPLOVÁ
Department of physical geography and geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 6, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
krizekma@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: patterned ground, temperature regime, regelation, the High Sudetes
Patterned ground is the most frequent periglacial landform type of the High Sudetes above
alpine timberline. Patterned ground can serve as proxy indicator of climate conditions. But
today the most of them are non-active. One of a precondition of some patterned ground
activity is presence of regelation cycles which is registered by temperature dataloggers. Frost
hummocks whose body consists of fine grained material show large number of regelation
cycles which distinguish them along with sorted circles from other patterned grounds where
temperature at the beginning of winter drops bellow 0 °C hovewer it raises above 0°C not
until a spring thaw. Sorted circles and frost hummocks are characterised by multiple
temperature oscillation around 0°C which occur mostly during spring-time which is from the
viewpoin of regelation activity the main season. Regelation cycles of earth hummocks occur
even 30 cm deep but not of peat hummocks. This is probably caused by temperature impact of
water included in peat bog on which peat humocks are developed. Otherwise freezing would
probably occur in 30 cm similarly to nearby non-sorted stripes. For example from 4th May
2004 to 29 th May 2004 was registered 18 regelation cycles in peat hummocks in 15 cm depth
in 10 minutes intervals in the Bílá louka Meadow in the Giant Mts. In 30 cm depth
8 regelation cycles were registered which for hourly interval of recording correspond to
record of 17 regelation cycles in 15 cm depth and only 3 regelation cycles in 3 cm depth.
This investigation is financially suported by GAAV project KJB301110804 „Recent
activity of patterned ground in the selected areas of Central Europe“ and the research project
MSM0021620831.
Statistical classification of landslides and landslides area in the Rusavská
hornatina Mts.
Marek K ÍŽEK and Kate ina PATÁKOVÁ
Department of physical geography and geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 6, Praha 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
krizekma@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: landslides, statistical classification, the Rusavská hornatina Mts.
Slopes of the Rusavská hornatina Mts. are the most dynamic part of its relief. Slope
processes give rise to landslides and landslide areas. Landslide areas differ from landslides
because they do not have noticeable boundary (i.e. they miss noticeably bounded crown and
main scarp and accumulation part). They are often accompanied by larger occurrence of
springs, swamps and their terrain is often rolling and covered by shallow and small planar
landslides. The aim of this poster is to characterize basic types of slope deformations and to
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show with the help of statistic instruments that the implemented morphologically-genetic
classification of slope deformation on landslides and landslide areas is correct. General
discriminant analysis showed that division into landslides and landslide areas is well-founded.
It also turned out that the used continuous predictors are a sufficient (not necessary) factor
which limits landslides with 93% probability. On the contrary to limit landslide areas
categorial predictors are important (i.e. relation to stratification, lithology and occurrence of
main scarp). According to cluster analysis the main criteria for division of landslides and
landslide areas is size of deformation. Other important parameters which influenced forming
of dendrogram clusters are altitude of upper part of landslide and shape of deformation.
This investigation is financially suported by the research project MSM0021620831.
Some aspects of the distribution of the block accumulations in Western part
of Podyjí National Park
Lucie KUBALÍKOVÁ
Institute of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
LucieKubalikova@seznam.cz
Keywords: block accumulation; agents of the distribution; valley of Dyje river, Podyjí
National Park
Block accumulations are the natural phenomena which can be situated both in the areas of
mountains and in some deep valleys of rivers. Bilateral National Park Podyjí–Thayatal in the
southern Moravia is one of these areas where we can study these accumulations. The
investigation of the block accumulations and of the rock-mantled slopes forms an essential
part of the doctoral thesis of the author. The principal aims of the work are to describe the
distribution of the block accumulations, to analyse the agents of the distribution, to acquire
the information of architecture and sedimentologic characteristics and one of the aims of the
thesis is also to create a list and a map of these accumulations and offer it to other scientists
for further research (above all to the biologists who examine the fauna and flora of the
accumulations). Presently, approximately 85 localities are mapped in the western part of the
national park and some 10 localities are located on the austrian part of the national park.
Some basic facts are analysed (agents of distributions, position, etc.) and the preliminary
analysis of some agents of the distribution (for example exposition, position within the slope
etc.) is done. Obtained data can be used in the detailed analysis of the block accumulations
and possibly for the paleogeographical simulation of development of the valley of river Dyje
in the area of national park. The thesis as a whole can contribute to the protection of this
unique ambient and some of the parts of it can serve as a base for further research in the
others disciplines than geomorphology.
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The identification of types of inland dunes from the region of the
Gruszeczka–Barycz valley with the use of digital elevation model
Michał KUC1) and Sebastian WITEK2)
Institiute of Geography and Regional Development, University of Wrocław Pl. Uniwersytecki
150-137 Wrocław, Poland, 1)Departament of Physical Geography, 2)Departament of
Cartography
1)
yoszko@o2.pl, 2)sebawitek@gmail.com
Key words: DEM, small inland dunes, dunes types
Till now the analyses of dune areas with the use of DEM were limited to seaside or desert
areas. However, there are no analyses of inland dunes stabilized with the vegetation. The
recent attempt of using DEM and its derivatives was undertaken by the authors for
wi toszyn region. Used DEM's based on SRTM, but spatial resolution of them is insufficient
for small dune analyse. For this reason it was necessary for the analyses to make the own
DEM, with the use of elevation data (contour lines, elevation-points) and rivers taken from
the topographical map, on a scale of 1 : 10,000, because small dune forms are clearly visible
in the maps of this scale. The use of officially available data obtained from photogrammetric
images was also taken into consideration, however, it occurred impossible due to their poor
quality. To created model used ArcGIS 9.2 software. The research area is located near
Gruszeczka village in Barycz valley. The whole area is covered with glacifluvial sands, and
small dunes. Almost whole area is covered with a coniferous forest, pines in majority, which
hinders the identification of dunes pattern in the ground.
Based on created model were identified some types of inland dunes mainly longitudinal.
The method used for research allow to identify the dunes stabilized with vegetation.
With the use of the officially available data, it is possible to create DEM of 30 m spatial
resolution. In case of small inland dunes it is insufficient for conducting analyses. Creating
a model based on topographic maps is time-consuming and laborious. However, the method
gives good results and can be applied to the examination of small areas.
The Role of Bedrock Structure in the Development of Landform in the
Babia Góra Massif (1725), Western Beskidy Mountains
Adam ŁAJCZAK
Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, ul. B dzi ska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
alajczak@op2.pl
Keywords: Babia Góra massif, Western Beskidy Mountains, bedrock structure, landslide
morphology
The Babia Góra massif (1725 m a.s.l.) is the highest peak of the Western Beskidy
Mountains and forms a short (10 km) monoclinal ridge with a general E–W axis and an
asymmetrical cross-section. Mt. Babia Góra has a drop of 1100 m and rises 400–600 metres
above neighbouring mountain ridges. The highest parts of the massif are built of 700 metrethick layers of Magura sandstone that form a vast synclinal structure along the E–W axis and
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outcrop on the southern slopes. As a result, layers of this sandstone dip southwards in the
main section of the massif and only dip northwards in the lower sections of the southern
slopes. The bottom section of the Babia Góra massif consists of lithologically varied and
highly folded Sub-Magura layers, which outcrop at the perimeter of the massif, especially on
its northern slope and at its foot. The Sub-Magura and Magura sandstone series contact at an
altitude of approximately 1000 m a.s.l. on the northern slope and an altitude 200 m lower on
the southern slope. The axes of the Sub-Maguran synclinal and anticlinal folds run along
a SW–NE axis. The entire Babia Góra massif is dissected by faults (including flexures) with
the most typical alignment of their axes being N–S, SW–NE and NW–SE. These tectonic axes
are repeated in nearly all the valleys, the edges of variously-aged landslide scars, ridge and
slope scars, the edges of headwaters, as well as the main ridge and some of the shoulder
ridges.
The northern slope of Babia Góra is kuesta-shaped with a rocky slump up to 500 m high.
Between 1100 and 1300 m a.s.l. the slope becomes less steep and further down, at the contact
between the Magura sandstone and the Sub-Magura layers, it becomes steeper again.
Numerous shallow valleys feature at the bottom of the slope and at its foot. The generally
concave profile of the slope is a result of its staged retreat caused by vast structural landslides,
including that of the Magura sandstone outcrops. The southern slope has a convex-concave
profile. Its top section is sloping concordantly with the dip of the Magura sandstone layers. At
around 1400 m a.s.l. the slope suddenly becomes precipitous but it becomes gentler again in
its lower slope with its numerous valleys, and at the foot of the slope. The northern slope is
retreating faster than the southern slope as a result of the large-scale landsliding and four
stages of this retreat have been identified starting in the late Miocene. Landslide scars of
varying sizes and elevations formed at each of these stages. Their edges are always linked to
the cracks in the bedrock. As the rate of retreat varied between landslide scars the main ridge
became twisted with a general curve to the south in the middle and fragments of gentle slopes
overhanging headwaters. The southern slope has been far less subject to landslides, especially
in its top section that represents the oldest relief in the Babia Góra massif.
At Babia Góra and in its vicinity there are visible traces of older geomorphologic surfaces,
including the Beskidy (summit) level, mid-mountain level, foothill level and valley level. A
schematic outline of the development of the Babia Góra landforms was proposed which
started from the massif’s emergence from the Miocene sea. This was prepared by correlating
these erosion levels with stages of intensified landslide mediated slope shaping. It was found
that the structure and resistance of the bedrock, i.e. axes of cracking, alignment of fault lines
and extent of Sub-Magura outcrops, played a dominant role at each stage in landform
development. It is noteworthy that landslide forms are found in the entire vertical extent of
both slopes and that headwaters are found at various elevations as a result of the different
extent to which the slopes have been remodelled by landslides.
One of the dominant features of the relief of Babia Góra massif is the asymmetry between
its eastern and western parts. In the eastern part, which is higher and less dissected by valleys,
landslide forms belong to those landforms that are linked to the bedrock structure. In the
lower western part of the massif the bedrock structure manifests itself mainly in the direction
of the valleys. This section of the southern slope features the deepest valleys and represents a
more advanced phase in landform development than its eastern part. On the northern slope the
most advanced landform is represented in its eastern section by the rocky cliff of the grand
kuesta which has been subject to the most extensive retreat.
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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) on recognition of the shape of the former
channel of Wda river (northern Poland) filled up with biogenic sediments
Piotr LAMPARSKI
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Department of Geomorphology and
Hydrology of Lowland, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kopernika 19, 87-100 Torun, Poland
piotr.lamparski@geopan.torun.pl
Keywords: river channel, peat, gyttja, ground penetrating radar
The paper present the results of the research, which have made by author on a former
branch of the Wda river valley, in the area covered by Quaternary (vistulian) deposits in the
northern part of Poland (Polish Lowland). Now this branch of the valley is dry, inactive, and
all former channels are filled up with biogenic (peat and gyttja) sediments.
The research took place on about 3.5 km long section of the former meandering river
valley around the Szlaga forester’s lodge. Thickness of the biogenic sediments was measured
by GPR method. Georadar studies were supported by detailed geologic data from hand
drillings (up to 2.5 m). Twelve hand drillings cross-sections have been made.
To the GPR research was chosen the high resolution 400 MHz central frequency antenna
with GSS’I SIR SYSTEM-2000™ radar device. Horizontal scaling was made by survey
wheel device. The range of radar penetration was adjusted to 150 ns (10-9 s) two way time,
what is an equivalent of 3 meters in depth of peat sediment (with assumed dielectric constant
about 55).
Overall, 34 radar cross-sections was made all in all more than 1500 meters crosswise of the
valley (including the 5 calibration ones) in selected locations at intervals of 50–150 m from
each other. On most ground penetrating radar cross-sections, the organic sediments to a depth
of about 2–2.5 meters have been recognized. The ground penetrating radar profiling method
(GPR) was used also to recognition an internal structure of the biogenic sediments. Some
geophysical anomalies representing boundaries between peat and gyttja have been identified.
Based on estimation of dielectric parameters of the sediments in conjunction with the
results of drilling to calibrate the GPR cross-sections, a three-dimensional model of the
bottom surface of the former valley have been made.
Spatial structure and dynamics of the morphology of the Belá River fluvial
system
Milan LEHOTSKÝ1) and Ján NOVOTNÝ2)
1,2)
Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 49, 814 73, Bratislava,
Slovak republic;
1)
geogleho@savba.sk, 2)geognovo@savba.sk
Keywords: fluvial geomorphology, high-gradient stream, classification, braiding, Tatra Mts.,
Belá River
The aim of this contribution is to bring basic morphological characteristics of the fluvial
system of the Belá River in context of River Morphology Hierarchical Classification and to
point to the most important recent processes acting in individual hierarchical levels.
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The Belá River is the most important inflow of the Váh River among the tributaries flowing
from the Tatra Mts. (length 35.7 km; catchment area 244 km2). The character of the river is
near to natural, almost without any revetment.
The source zone is situated in alpine a sub-nival environment of the Tatra Mts., with many
elements of fossil glacial relief, especially cirques and some lakes. Transfer zone is splited
into two basic, markedly different parts. The upper part has character of typical glacial “U”
shaped valley. The bottom of valley is usually without a floodplain, with deep erosion or
lateral bank erosion in some reaches.
In the light of fluvial processes, the most interesting and the most dynamic is lower part of
the transfer zone in the Liptovská kotlina Basin. The Belá River represents here typical gravel
bed stream, with meandering braided and wandering channel. We have analysed historical
topographic maps (1930 and 1950) as well as aerial photos (1985) and orthophotomaps
(2004) to identify changes in the river channel pattern. It is evident that the development of
this pattern is very dynamic and variable from reach to reach. We can find here many
examples of such processes as lateral channel migration, destruction and recreation of
meander bends, multiplying and simplifying of channel as well as development of the islands
and gravel bars. The dynamics of these processes could be illustrated by the rate of lateral
channel migration, which reaches almost one meter per year in some places.
The Belá River represents one of the best developed and well preserved streams of the
Tatra Mts., and together with its morphostructural setting and recent dynamics, it is
undoubtedly worth of protecting as well as further systematic research and monitoring.
Anabranching channel pattern system analysis of Danube river flood plain
between unovo-Gab íkovo
Małgorzata LUC1), Jacek B. SZMANDA2)
1)
Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7,
30-387 Kraków, Poland; 2)Institute of Geography, Jan Kochanowski University wi tokrzyska
15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
1)
mluc@gis.geo.uj.edu.pl, 2)j.szmanda@ujk.kielce.pl
Keywords: fluvial geomorphology, channel pattern, anabranching system, spatial analysis,
Danube river.
Multiple channels river systems have already been classified by many authors (e.g.
Beechie et al. 2006). Generally by definition, single channel river systems with multipath
flow separated by bars were called the braided rivers (Schumm 1985), and multi channel
rivers separated by islands were called the anabranching, the anastomosing and the wandering
rivers. The analysis of the multiple channel pattern consists of the evaluation of the
anabranching degree (four degree) and description of the fifth anabranching character classes
(Brice and Blodgett 1978). Moreover, the flood plain between channels is classified as an
anabranching area and an anabranching island.
The study was led We analysed the Danube river channel pattern of the flood plain
fragment between unovo and Gab íkovo damms with the use of the Brice and Blodgett
method (1978). We measured inter-channel areas parameters: L – area length, w – channel
width, w’– area width; and the mean radius of channel curvature as well as the channel
sinusoity degree. The study was based on the orthophotomaps and the topographic maps in a
scale of 1 : 50,000.
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The main conclusions are:
(i) The Danube river channels pattern is classified as:
- the 3 degree of anabranching (more than 65 % of flood plain has multiple channel
pattern)
- composite character of anabranching (different channel weight, various sinuosity of the
main and side channels, differential connection and spatial composition of channels, for
example: split channels, cutoff loops channels and sub-parallel channels;
(ii) The Danube river flood plain anabranching inter-channel area types are:
- Island (47 %), mainly: small – avg. size – 5 ha Lxw’ and stretched – 3.22 avg. L/w’;
- Intermediary Area (20 %): avg. size – 25 ha Lxw’ and stretched – 3.12 avg. L/w’;
- Anabranching Area (33 %), mainly: medium – avg. size – 1.7 km2 Lxw’ and stretched –
3.09 avg. L/w’.
(iii) Channel sinuosity range is 1.0–1.9 but sinusoidal channel shape type dominate (1.06–
1.25; 73.0 %). The statistic correlation analysis shows the low inverse-correlation (-0.1)
sinuosity with channel width, and the medium inverse-correlation (-0.3) with the channel
meander radius.
References
BEECHIE T.J., LIERMANN M., POLLOCK M.M., BAKER S., DAVIES J., 2006:
Channel pattern and river-floodplain dynamics in forested mountain river systems.
Geomorphology, 78: 124-141.
BRICE, J.C. AND BLODGETT, J.C., 1978: Counter Measures for Hydraulic Problems at
Bridges. Vol. 1, Analysis and Assessment. Report No. FHWA-RD-78-162, Fed. Highway
Admin., Washington: 1-169.
SCHUMM, S.A., 1985: Patterns of alluvial rivers. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, 13: 5–27.
Interactions between river channel morphology and riparian vegetation –
an example from the Lužnice River, South Bohemia, Czech Republic
Zden k MÁ KA and Lukáš KREJ Í
Department of Geography, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlá ská 2, 611 37
Brno, Czech Republic
macka@sci.muni.cz, krejci@sci.muni.cz
Keywords: stream wood, large woody debris, riparian vegetation, channel morphology
Interactions between the biological and physical processes in the landscape are the firmly
established research theme for more than three decades. Interdisciplinary character of the
research gave rise to the new discipline of biogeomorphology. We are focusing in the
presented paper on the interactions between riparian vegetation (live and dead trees) and river
channel morphology on the example of three 1 km long reaches of the Lužnice River in south
Bohemia, Czech Rep. Despite the proximity, the reaches are contrasting in the character of
riparian vegetation, channel morphology and dynamics and the degree of human impact.
Upper reach is located near Nová Ves nad Lužnicí. Bank woody vegetation is almost
continuous with woody stripes and within the upper section with the fragment of the
floodplain forest. Woody vegetation is the mixture of willow, alder, chokecherry and oak. The
reach is only slightly sinuous with the moderate rate of incision and lateral erosion. The
channel width and depth are 13 m and 2.1 m respectively, the mean cross section area is
27.3 m2. Erosion in the reach is slightly enhanced by the river training works upstream
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(canalisation, weir construction). Middle reach is located near Halámky. Bank woody
vegetation is almost continuous with woody stripes and locally with segments of floodplain
forest. Prevailing tree species is willow. Tree-tops often incline into the channel, thus,
dissipating effectively the energy of the river flow. The reach is moderately sinuous and
laterally stable. The channel width and depth are 10 m and 2.5 m respectively, the mean cross
section area is 25 m2. The reach approximates the natural condition of the pristine river. The
impact of river training works is minor only with the road bridge upstream. Lower reach is
located near Suchdol nad Lužnicí. Bank woody vegetation is discontinuous with woody
stripes of various width interspersed with pastures. Woods are the mixture of poplar, willow,
alder and oak. The reach is highly sinuous with distinct meanders and laterally very dynamic.
The channel width and depth are 15 m and 3.7 m respectively, the mean cross section area is
55.5 m2. The highest bank erosion was noted at the locations with pastures. Downstream of
the reach is located regulated (canalised) channel. The enhanced incision and lateral erosion is
an upstream response to the river training works (canalisation) close to the Suchdol nad
Lužnicí community.
The reaches display the different in-stream wood (large woody debris) loads which are
dependent mainly on the structure, species composition and age of the riparian vegetation,
and on the lateral activity of the channel. The highest load was recorded at the Suchdol n. L.
reach with 102,162 m3/ha, the lowest at the Halámky reach 37,041 m3/ha, the Nová Ves n. L.
reach has load 81,370 m3/ha. Surprisingly, the river reach in the most natural condition
displays the lowest stream wood load. It may be interpreted by the low rate of the large
woody debris recruitment due to the bank erosion. The specific feature of the Suchdol n. L.
reach are the fossil oak trunks, which are exhumed from the floodplain deposits by the lateral
erosion.
Vegetation exerts obvious influences upon the channel form in three spatially close river
reaches. The channel is narrowest and rather deep in the Halámky reach where bank erosion is
inhibited by the dense willow stands and increased channel roughness by the tree-tops
hanging into the channel. The channel capacity is largest within the Suchdol n. L. reach where
severe depth and lateral erosion occurred due to change of the floodplain forest to pastures
and river training works downstream. The Suchdol n. L. reach also displays the largest
diversity of channel micro-forms due to the geomorphic effects of large woody debris lying
on the easily deformable sandy channel bottom.
Landslide susceptibility modeling: A case study on Fruška gora mountain,
Serbia
Miloš MARJANOVI
Department for Geoinformatics at Faculty of Science, Palacky University, t . Svobody 26,
Olomouc 771 46, Czech Republic
milosgeomail@yahoo.com
Keywords: Landslide susceptibility, GIS, Raster Model, AHP
This study deals with a succession of multi-criteria analyses that outcomes in a series of
landslide susceptibility maps. Principally, it considers the raster modeling approach and the
opportunities which raster combining brings about, utilized via Analytical Hierarchy Process
(AHP) and aided by Geographic Information System' (GIS) spatial tools.
The area of interest encompasses the NW slopes of Fruška gora, a small mountain range in
vicinity of Novi Sad, Serbia. In order to interpret the landslide susceptibility distribution
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throughout the selected mid-scale area, several factors were encountered and converted to
raster models. At the beginning, they comprised of lithology, the drainage properties (linear
erosion pattern), the slope inclination, aspect and altitude. Driven in AHP, those rasters
produced the first insight in the areal distribution of landslide susceptibility zones. Later-on
the former factors were refined and expanded by two more: the rainfall precipitation and
vegetation cover. This produced another, more advanced interpretation, due to more detailed
inputs. Nevertheless, the enhancements within AHP provided even more progressive display.
Thus far, those three instances, accordingly the three landslide susceptibility interpretations,
depicted classes of proneness: low, mild, moderate and high. The broadest discrepancy
in results stands between the first attempt and either of the two remaining ones, since the
latter have shown only minute variations in weight distributions of the factors. For instance,
within the first result the lithology reaches 42 % of influence in the overall, while remaining
two cases reduce it to 28 %.
The control model was needed to be established in order to properly relate those results
and point to the most prevalent one (even though it has been suspected that the last result is
probably the most genuine). Since more detailed records or engineering geology maps have
not been available, a photogeological map (tailored almost entirely by Remote Sensing
techniques) was addressed as a control model. Superimposed to such standard, the final
models (susceptibility maps) revealed substantial correlations progressively (the more
extensive the approach, the better the final model fitting).
Model of a glacial/periglacial paleogeomorphological system in the
Bohemian Forest
Pavel MENTLÍK
Geography Department, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Plze , Czech Republic
pment@kge.zcu.cz
Key words periglacial form, glacial form, geomorphological system, ELA, Bavarian Forest
Detailed geomorphological mapping using elementary forms of relief was carried out in
two previously glaciated areas (surroundings of Prášilské and Laka Lake) in the Bohemian
Forest (Czech Republic). A model of the paleogeomorphological system was created
according to the results. Firstly, the main types of relief were used as basic parts of the model.
Secondly, distribution of periglacial (fossil) landforms on ridges and slopes was incorporated
into the model (the processes which probably formed them were assumed). It is supposed that
distribution of the periglacial processes depended on the aspect of slopes and altitude. The
processes were limited to frozen slopes with colder aspect (e.g. remnants of old slope
pediments were investigated there), while they were more active on slopes with a warmer
aspect (gelifluction lobes and large dellen shaped forms predominated there). Position of
topographically influenced ELA was crucial for development of small glaciers, which were
usually connected with the colder slopes. Vertical distribution of periglacial landforms
probably depended on the position of regional ELA. Ice caps with a self protecting effect
existed on the highest plateaus (~1 300 m a.s.l.), so that the presence of periglacial landforms
was limited there. On the contrary, very significant periglacial landforms developed on lower
ridges ~1 200 m a.s.l., which occurred predominantly below or close to the regional ELA.
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The Present Stage of Fluvio-Geomorphological Research in Context of
Euro-American Collaboration (Examples from Rhône River)
First Feedbacks on Restored Floodplain Lakes Sedimentation along the Rhône River
Monika MICHALKOVÁ1),2),3), Hervé PIÉGAY1), Viliam MACURA3)
1)
University of Lyon, UMR 5600 - CNRS, Site ENS-lsh, Lyon, 69007, France, 2) Commenius
University, Departement of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava,
84215, Slovakia, 3) Slovak University of Technology, Department of Land and Water
Resources Management, Radlinskeho 11, Bratislava, 81368, Slovakia
monika.michalkova@fns.uniba.sk, herve.piegay@ens-lsh.fr, viliam.macura@stuba.sk,
Keywords: sedimentation, former channel, Rhône River, river restoration
Sedimentation rates and processes were studied in eighteen restored floodplain lakes and
channels of the Rhône River in south-eastern France. Whilst many authors have studied the
sedimentation in former channels before restoration, little is known about post-restoration
sedimentation rates and processes since these are only now becoming evident. The objective
of study was therefore to evaluate the variability in post-restoration habitat conditions inside
of floodplain lakes (inter-lake comparison) and to consider the temporal evolution of habitat
conditions. The increase of the minimum discharge in the old Rhône channel and the removal
of sediments in the floodplain lakes were the main issues of the Rhône River restoration
project. In addition, the minimum discharge increase resulted in a higher water-table in the
former Rhône channel. The sediment survey protocol was established and three steps were
implemented: i) the measurement of the sedimentation rates based on the ratio between the
mean sediment thickness and the time since the restoration works; ii) determination of
connection discharge by piezometers and precise DGPS survey and iii) the statistical analysis
of the relationships and inter-lake analysis (the characterization of connection frequency and
to define the life expectancy of former channels).
The Present Stage of Fluvio-Geomorphological Research in Context of
Euro-American Collaboration (Example of Sacramento River)
Longitudinal and Temporal Evolution of the Sacramento River between Red Bluff and
Colusa, California, USA (1942-1999)
Monika MICHALKOVÁ1),2),3), Hervé PIÉGAY1), Mathias G. KONDOLF 4)
1)
University of Lyon, UMR 5600 - CNRS, Site ENS-lsh, Lyon, 69007, France, 2) Commenius
University, Departement of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava,
84215, Slovakia, 3) Slovak University of Technology, Department of Land and Water
Resources Management, Radlinskeho 11, Bratislava, 81368, Slovakia, 4) Department of
Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley,
California, 94720, USA
monika.michalkova@fns.uniba.sk, herve.piegay@ens-lsh.fr, kondolf@berkeley.edu
Keywords: lateral evolution, aerial photos, Sacramento River
Historic and archival aerial images hold a important information which offers the potential
to enhance our understanding of long term channel change in both natural and
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anthropogenically impacted settings. We analyzed historical channel changes from archival
aerial photographs to document the evolution of the main channel and floodplain lakes over
a 140-km reach of the Sacramento River, from Red Bluff to Colusa, California, from 1942 to
1999. This period spans the construction of Shasta Dam in 1944, and thus effects of altered
flow regime on lateral channel and floodplain morphology should be visible in the aerial
imagery. Multivariate analysis on the results of the historical analysis demonstrated that
whilst channel geometry was simplified after the construction of Shasta dam, long-term
channel evolution was not dominated by dam-induced channel changes, but affected more by
other anthropogenic impacts. Since the mid 19th century, anthropic bank stabilisation in the
downstream part of the study reach have hindered lateral channel migration, and have thus
significantly affected channel evolution. In the upstream part of the study reach, bank
stabilisation works were limited and nearly absent. By using catchment-scale, time dependent
data, the key factors of channel change can be isolated, thus leading to an understanding of
the long term evolution of the channel and oxbow lakes.
Targeted morphometric analysis and morphostructures of the Western
Carpathians
Jozef MINÁR1) and Ivan BARKA2)
1)
Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical
Geography and Geoecology, Bratislava, Slovakia, Fax +421 (2) 654 29 064,
minar@fns.uniba.sk
2)
Forest Research Institute, National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia, Fax +421 (45) 531 41
55, barka@nlcsk.org
Keywords: Western Carpathians, morphostructures, morphometric analyses, regionalization.
Targeted morphometric analysis, together with derivation of selected standard
morphometric variables (slope, aspect or curvatures) involves generation of specific purposemade variables defined for the solution of the given tasks. Comprehensive knowledge for
geological, geophysical and geomorphological models and concepts of the territory is
a prerequisite for effective targeted morphometric analysis leading to good interpretable
morphostructural units.
Three standard morphometric variables (altitude, slope, available relief) were used for the
basic morphometric description of the morphostructural units as general representative
markers of morphostructural differentiation. Altitude reflects the intensity of vertical tectonic
movements and slope and together with available relief defines georelief roughness that is
influenced by rock resistance (passive morphostructure), altitudinal position and age of the
morphostructure. As exogenic processes considerably influence slope aspect, the
topolineaments were used for the expression of space orientation of morphostructures instead
of aspect. Moreover, they correlate with important structural boundaries and can be used for
morphostructure limitation.
The basic geomorphological units were characterized by mean, median and extreme values
of selected morphometric variables and clustered using multivariate statistical methods.
Factor analysis was used for concentration of morphometric information in a small number of
independent and representative variables (factors). Various sets of input data and factor and
cluster analyses procedures and settings were tested to find the best interpretable results.
The quality of the morphostructural division, internal homogeneity and external
heterogeneity of the morphostructures were measured by distance in (morphological) attribute
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space inside or on the border of geomorphological units. Abundance of particular directions
of topolineaments in the resultant morphostructures was computed as well. Morphological
attributes coupled with geological, geophysical and geomorphological regional models and
concepts served for the final description and interpretation of the morphostructures.
The resultant morphostructural division is an improvement of preceding qualitative divisions
on the quantitative basis. This approach enabled delimitation and basic description of nine
specific morphostructural units (regions) creating parts of the Late Miocene – Quaternary
uplifted dome-like megamorphostructure (WC supraregion): 1. Tatry, 2. Central Region,
3. Transitive Region, 4. West Marginal Region, 5. North–East Marginal Region, 6. North
Foreland, 7. South–East Region, 8. South–West Foreland, 9. Transdanubian Mountains, as
well as theirs sixteen subregions.
Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Slovak Research and Development
Agency under the contracts No. ESF-EC-0006-07, and the Scientific Grant Agency of the
Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Science (project No.
1/4042/07).
Laboratory simulation of regelation cycles
Petra NYPLOVÁ and Marek K ÍŽEK
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty
of Science, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
nyplova@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: patterned ground, regelation, frost sorting
Regelation causes horizontal and vertical movements of clasts and cryoturbation. It is
almost impossible to observe these processes in relief in real time because of technical
complications. That is why these processes were observed in laboratory conditions. Changes
of height of soil substrate surfaces, which increased while frozen, were observed during single
phases of regelation cycles. It was caused by frozen ground water, occurrence of needle ice,
cryoturbation of upper 2 cm of substrate and clasts freezing. Expansion of angles contained
between the surface and the clasts after freeze of soil substrate during regelation cycles was
also detected. The following processed occurred: frost heaving (after the second regelation
cycle already) and horizontal movements of clasts (about 2.6 mm in average) and changes of
their angles at the start and at the end of the measuring: on the surface (16.9°) and 1 cm
undersurface (about 8.9° in average). While comparing horizontal movements and changes of
angles contained between clasts (classified by weight) and the surface no relation (with
significance at p< 0.05) between movement rate or change of angle with the clast’s weight
was detected. Different substrates were evaluated regarding their predisposition to horizontal
clasts’ movements.
This investigation is suported by GAAV project KJB301110804 „Recent activity of
patterned ground in the selected areas of Central Europe“ and the research project
MSM0021620831.
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Conditions of formation and the impact of muddy flood at the site Ivanke
pri Nitre
Juraj ONDR KA
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius
University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 4, 842 15, Slovakia
ondrcka@fns.uniba.sk
Keywords: muddy flood, geomorphological effect, environmental impact, soil erosion
The aim of this contribution is the evaluation of conditions of formation, geomorphological
effect and environmental impact of muddy flood at the site Ivanka pri Nitre on May 1, 1996.
This event is the greatest documented muddy flood in Slovak Republic so far. This site is
situated in the southeast of the Nitra Hill Land, on the right side of Nitra river. Two wide dry
valleys lead to the village close to its centre, which are deepened into the slope oriented
perpendicularly to longitudinal axis of the village. In the time of the event there were fields
seeded with corn upon the slope above the village. These two facts in cooperation with
torrential rain were the main conditions, which caused the muddy flood. When the torrential
rain came the stream of water carrying material from the fields got through the dry valleys
into the village. During the muddy flood 175 houses were flooded, 4 houses were totally
destroyed and 10 cars were washed away to the Stará Nitra river. These cars blocked the
stream of the river, so simultaneously the flood water from the river started to flood the
village. When the water receded, on the local stadium remained 1m thick layer of mud. The
thick layer of eroded material washed away from the fields was also deposited in front of
railway above the village and other depressions in the affected area. The main causes of this
event were creation of the large bloc of tilled fields during the collectivisation and terrain
adjustments in the farmland and building adjustments in the intravilan after the World War 2,
which had also as a consequence liquidation of two drains, which divert the water during the
similar situations in the past.
Testing of the partial derivatives approximation preciseness
Jan PACINA
Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of the Environment, J. E. Purkyn University in Ústí
nad Labem, Králova Výšina 7, Ústí nad Labem, the Czech republic.
Jan.Pacina@ujep.cz
Keywords: partial derivatives of 3rd order, approximation, GmIS, morphometrical
characteristics.
For the requirements of Geomorphologic Information System (GmIS) was in [2]
implemented a robust algorithm for approximation of partial derivatives up the third order
with sufficient quality. This article is concerned about testing the preciseness of different
methods for approximation of partial derivatives.
Approximated partial derivatives by method described in [2] are used for computation of
derived morphometrical characteristics up to the third order and further on used for automatic
delimitation of elementary form boundaries. This algorithm is approximating the partial
derivatives from 5x5 neighborhood by general polynomial of the third order, using the
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weighted least square method. For the least square method were proposed and tested two
different weights. To the process of testing was as well included method for approximation of
partial derivatives of third order (based on least square method, without using any weights)
presented by Florinsky in [1], and standard methods available in common GIS.
Polynomial function with characteristics of topographical relief was chosen for the
comparison of results. From this polynomial function we can compute absolutely precise
partial derivatives which are further used as the etalon.
The preciseness of approximation of the first and the second derivatives was tested only by
visual control and comparison of iso-lines, because this approximation is implemented in
most of commonly used GIS. Test of the approximation preciseness of the partial derivatives
of the third order is based on analyzing the differences between the etalon and the computed
derivatives. For the comparison of these differences were proposed three statistical indicators.
[1] FLORINSKY, I.V.: Computation of the third-order partial derivatives and derivation
function from a digital elevation model. International Journal of Geographical Information
Science. In press.
[2] PACINA, J. (2008). Methods for automatical delimitation of elementary forms of
georelief as a part of Geomorphologic information system. FAV Z U Plze , dissertation
thesis, Pilsen. On-line: http://gis.zcu.cz/studium/dp/2008/Pacina/
Time constraints for neotectonics and evolution of giant rock slope failures
in the main mountain ridge of the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine)
Tomáš PÁNEK1), Jan HRADECKÝ2), Martin DANIŠÍK3), Karel ŠILHÁN4) and
Veronika SMOLKOVÁ5)
1,2,4,5)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, University of
Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava 710 00, Czech Republic; 3) John de Laeter Centre of Mass
Spectrometry, Applied Geology, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth
WA 6845, Australia.
1)
tomas.panek@osu.cz, 3) M.Danisik@curtin.edu.au
Keywords: neotectonics, deep-seated landslides, AFT dating, 14C dating, U-/Th-series dating,
Crimean Mountains
The main (southernmost) mountain ridge of the Crimean Mountains (Ukraine) can be
characterised as a system of highly elevated karstified palaeosurfaces that have largely been
consumed by deep-seated gravitational deformations during the Quaternary. The presented
study is a result of a project that focused (i) on the dating of the uplift of the mountain ridge
and (ii) on the definition of the style and time constraints of the development of large
landslides strongly affecting margins of elevated plateaus.
Main methodological approaches consisted in the application of apatite fission track
thermochronology (AFT) and related thermal evolution modelling (12 dated samples
throughout the study area), geomorphic mapping of marginal parts of elevated palaeosurfaces
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and radiometric dating of selected large landslides affecting rock slopes of the mountain
ridge.
AFT dating and thermochronological modelling revealed both Late Cimmerian orogenic
thermal effect and subsequent thermal reset due to thick platform pile deposition (> 4 km) in
the Early Cretaceous–Late Eocene ages. Most dated samples fall into the interval between
Middle–Late Eocene, which reflects the onset of neotectonic mountain uplift caused by the
initial Arabia/Eurasia collision. Platform deposits enabled the preservation of vast remnants of
Early Cretaceous palaeosurfaces, currently situated in elevated positions, preferentially on
Upper Jurassic limestones and conglomerates. These landsurfaces became exposed during the
post-Eocene uplift and the majority of depositional cover was stripped away during the
Middle Pliocene. Since that time, due to the lack of a protective layer, the margins of elevated
plateaus have been exposed to giant landslides and backward erosion, which caused
significant reduction of their original extent.
Main geomorphic agents contributing to the reduction of the palaeosurface area are deepseated landslides and subsequent rapid slope failures involving rock avalanches, debris flows
and rockfalls. These failures are preferentially situated along important tectonic faults (mostly
strike-slip faults) and they often evolved as a result of collapse of large cave systems at the
margins of highly elevated plateaus. This holds true especially for the SW part of the Crimean
Mountains where the connection between strike slip fault, slope deformations and exposed
(unroofed) caves is observable in a ~ 20 km long strip of mountains. Radiometric dating
revealed that slope failures in this part of the mountains evolved both as long-term chronic
deep-seated deformations covering the time span > 300 ka BP and predominantly highfrequency low magnitude events with pronounced sedimentological record exposed on the
abrasion cliffs along the Black Sea coast.
Towards a Spring Tufa inventory of Austria
Rudolf PAVUZA
Department of Karst and Caves, Museum of Natural History Vienna, Museumsplatz 1/10/1,
A-1070 Vienna,Austria.
rudolf.pavuza@nhm-wien.ac.at
Keywords: spring tufa, travertine, Austria, deposition rates
Spring tufa deposits are not well documented in Austria but their ecological significance
and importance as climatological proxies especially for the Holocene is obvious and verified
by numerous scientific papers.
Presently these phenomena are of special interest in the course of the “Natura 2000” –
process of the European Union. Therefore regional political bodies – responsible for nature
protection in Austria – have to support mapping, documentation and – to some extent –
scientifical research on spring tufas.
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Therefore in 2007 – based on earlier, but rather isolated studies – an inventory of spring
tufa deposits of Austria has been initiated and is updated regularly by field surveys.
In the course of the fieldworks soon it became obvious that a comprehensive inventory is
a long term project probably for decades – not to speak about detailed scientific
investigations.
In accordance with distinguished international studies the morphological bandwidth of
tufas turned out to be great, with two main types dominated by mosses and algae,
respectively. The same applies to the genesis of the tufas which is affected by biotic and
abiotic parameters as well.
The poster presents a selection of the morphological diversity and some data on limestone
deposition rates in alpine, pre-alpine and outer-alpine areas of Austria with altitudes ranging
from 1500 m down to 320 m.
The Influence of Leaf Accumulations on the Function of Step-Pool Systems
in Mountain Streams
Zden k P IBYLA1) and Jan HRADECKÝ2)
1,2)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho
10, Ostrava, 710 00
1)
zdenek.pribyla@gmail.com, 2)jan.hradecky@osu.cz
Keywords: step-pool, leaves, foliaged steps, large woody debris, granulometric analysis,
Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.
The research of high-gradient channel morphology has become a major interest in fluvial
geomorphology recently. This reflects a fact that steep mountain channels form a dense
erosion net in mountainous landscape and they are significant sources of bedload material.
Streams based in flysch geologic structures of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts are
characterized by unsteady hydrologic and bedload regime. These conditions affect bedload
and discharge regime of low-gradient streams. An important morphologic type of the
mountain channels is a step-pool system, which is specific because of a step-like longitudinal
profile. The system is created by a series of coarse particles or large woody debris (steps with
rapid flow) and interspaces (pools with finer sediments and slow flow).
The Stoligy stream is a left-side tributary of the Lomná River. Measurement of basic steppool parameters (height, length and width of step-pool sequences) were performed in this
stream. An undescribed type of a step-pool sequence, the so-called ”foliaged step-pool“ was
identified. Its determinative feature is the accumulation of leaves in steps. New parameters
were developed for the characterization of distribution, amount and function of leaves in these
forms. Leaves in steps fill the space between coarse particles or cover woody debris, which
causes flow resistance and functions water-proofingly. In many cases the existence of steps is
often conditioned by the occurrence of leaves, especially in woody debris steps. Results of
statistic analyses show interesting relations between measured and derived parameters and
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they indicate that leaves are accumulated at low discharges and they get stabilized on steps at
higher discharges. Foliaged steps significantly increase a storage level, which influences the
hydrodynamics of the channel. Granulometric analyses show the difference in composition of
finer sediment in pools. Foliaged step-pool systems contain finer sediment in pools, which
indicates differences in transport regime between standard and foliaged step-pool systems.
These conclusions offer new insights into step-pool morphology and they provide important
information useful for further research.
Morphodynamics of debris slopes in the Medena Kotlinka valley
Zofia R CZKOWSKA
Departament of Geomorphology and Hydrology of Mountains and Uplands, Institute of
Geography and Spatial Organisation Polish Academy of Sciences, w. Jana 22, 31-018
Kraków, Poland,
raczk@zg.pan.krakow.pl
Keywords: debris slope, morphodynamic, periglacial environments, Tatra Mts.
The Medena Kotlinka valley is a small, hanging, glacial cirque in the High Tatra Mts. The
narrow and surrounded by (about 500 m) high rockwalls valley is opened to the north. Debris
slope of differentiated origin and present-day modelling are in valley bottom, where small
glacieret occurs at altitude 2020–2350 m a.s.l. A layer of massive ground ice was detected
there and evidenced by different geophysical methods. These made the place very specific for
study of periglacial debris slope transformation.
The methods applied in the studies are geomorphological mapping in very detailed scale
1 : 5000, measurements of clasts fabric and displacement of debris in period 2004–2008. The
lines marked on debris at 4 sites were used to measure magnitude of debris displacement.
Gravitational processes, alluviation, avalanche activity and periglacial processes model
debris slopes in bottom of the Medena Kotlinka valley, what is evidenced by occurrence of
large alluvial cones, debris flow gullies and distinct talus cones. Avalanche activity
significantly affects the whole valley bottom by transportation and accumulation of great
amount of debris and simultaneous smoothing of the debris slope. Periglacial processes result
in development of landforms at present.
Results of the studies on slope covers texture confirm a spatial differentiation of processes
transforming debris slope and reveal very limited influence of permafrost presence on their
activity and slope morphology. The analysis of clast microfabric on debris slope indicates
a possibility of permafrost presence only in superficial moraine. Clast microfabric on the
debris slope, occurring below the glacieret, indicates that the debris slope is mainly modelled
by avalanches and maybe by debris creeping or by frost creep.
After four years, the lines marked on debris at all measurement sites are almost completely
moved downslope. It indicates a great activity of debris slope surface. A character of
disturbances of the lines marked on debris as well as a distance travelled by debris point to
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frost creeping or avalanche activity. Most of clasts are moved to relatively short distance less
then 0.5–1.0 m, but some of them achieve distance up to 2.5 m. The greatest change was
observed at site situated on lateral moraine ridge where permafrost is expected. The line
marked on debris there was completely destroyed by slide of debris.
Transformation of debris slopes in the Medena Kotlina is result of cooperation of
complicated spatial complex of geomorphological processes. It is characteristic for most of
debris slopes in the periglacial zone of the Tatras.
Glacitectonic deformations in Dabrowa Outlier, West Great Poland
Magdalena RATAJCZAK
Geoecology and Geoinformation Department, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna , Poland
magdarat@amu.edu.pl
The Lubsko Highland is surrounded by the Nysa Luzycka valley from the west, the Bobr
river valley from the east, the Glogow-Baruth outwash valley from the south and the WarsowBerlin outwash valley from the north. There are rather small differences between absolute
height. The lowest point reaches about 40 m a.s.l. near the Nysa Luzycka river mouth and it’s
connection to the Odra river, and the highest point that reaches about 140 m a.s.l. on the Zary
Highland, to the south of research area. River valleys: the Nysa Luzycka river valley, the
Bobr river valley and the Lubsza river valley are the main elements of the Lubsko Highland
relief. However, a highland forms and outliers overtop the river valleys level. To the east of
the Lubsza river valley there are elongated forms that longer axis show the direction NNE–
SSW. They are so called ‘highland islands’ according to Bartkowski (1961, 1963, 1967) and
they create Lubko-Bobrowice Outlier (Bartkowski 1961, 1963, 1967). They have rich
morphology and very complicated geological composition (Bartkowski 1963, Chmal 2001).
Their west edge is very distinct in morphology but to the east their surface very gently
descend towards the Bobr river valley.
Dabrowa Outlier is the most diversified on its surface and geological composition. On its
surface there are many depressions without flow, hills that have 5–10 meters of relative
height. The outside edges of the form, especially the western ones are cut by denudationerosion dry valleys that go deeply inside to the outlier. In the new publication – explanations
to the Detailed Geological Map of Poland in scale 1 : 50,000, Gubin and Kaniow sheets,
Chmal (2001) suggests that this is a form that was created in dead ice area and this is a dead
ice moraine. It was built because of unequal melting of dead ice covered by ablation moraine
(Chmal, 2001). Chmal (2001) thinks that the ablation moraine covers erosion-denudation
outlier that is built by tertiary sediments. So far done research by the author of this abstract in
the south-west parts of Dabrowa Outlier confirm research results of Bartkowski (1961, 1963)
and Chmal (2001). Discontinuous cover of Dabrowa Outlier is composted by quaternary
sands, gravels, clay sands, ablation sands, structurally diverse. Under this cover there are fine
and medium size sands, brown mud with mica, brown and gray clay. They are deformed with
very dense net of faults, normal and diverse, that point out of the northern direction of
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deformations. Brown color, numerous charcoals suggest incorporation of tertiary brown coal.
In one outcrop there were observed two levels of glacial tills. They differ in structural and
textural features. The upper till, brown, is more silt, with small amount of sand structures. The
bottom of the till is diversified with sand and gravel lenses.
Collected data confirm Bartkowski (1961, 1963) suggestions that research outlier,
especially Dabrowa Outlier are push moraines and the main reason of glacitectonic
deformations was litology of bedrock, built from favourable on plastic deformations and
strain tertiary sediments, especially multi-coloured Poznan clay.
References
BARTKOWSKI T., 1961; O granicy zlodowacenia bałtyckiego w okolicy Lubska
(północna kraw d Wysoczyzny arskiej), Pozn. Tow. Przyj. Nauk, Sprawozdania 63, 1,
s. 102-107
BARTKOWSKI T., 1963; O formach rozci cia marginalnego i niektórych formach strefy
marginalnej na Nizinie Wielkopolskiej, Bad. Fizjograf. nad Polsk Zach., 11, s. 7-45
BARTKOWSKI T., 1967, O formach strefy marginalnej na Nizinie Wielkopolskiej, Prace
Kom. Geogr.-Geol., PTPN, 7, 1, s. 1-260
CHMAL R., 2001, Obja nienia do Szczegółowaej Mapy Geologicznej Polski w skali
1 : 50,000, arkusz Gubin (571) i , arkusz Kaniów (572), PIG, Warszawa, s. 49
Morphostructural analysis of the Bohutický les Upland in the south
Moravia
Pavel ROŠTÍNSKÝ
Institute of Geonics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Department of
Environmental Geography, Drobného 28, Brno, 602 00, Czech Republic.
rostinsky@geonika.cz
Keywords: southeastern margin of the Bohemian Highlands, topography, neotectonics,
sedimentology, geomorphological evolution, morphostructural analysis.
The Bohutický les Upland is a part of the Bohemian Highlands located in the complicated
geological as well as geomorphological contact position in the foreground of the AlpineCarpathian Orogen in the vicinity of the town Miroslav. It represents markedly asymmetrical
horst structure whose rugged topography was strongly affected with neotectonic movements,
several marine transgressions accompanied with clastic sedimentation in the Miocene and
subsequent intensive denudation on newly deposited sediments which lasted until the
Holocene. Morphostructural evolution of the area at the southeastern margin of the Bohemian
massif was intimately connected to the formation of the adjacent Carpathian Foredeep Basin
through regionally significant Diendorf Fault Zone, the Palaeozoic lineament reactivated
again during the Alpine tectogenesis in the Neogene and Quaternary.
The contribution characterizes the morphostructural composition of the Bohutický les
Upland on the basis of various methods of geological and geomorphological research
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including the detailed mapping (presented are geological and geomorphological maps). Some
important geomorphological phenomena and processes, pointing to the main stages of
geomorphological evolution of that area, are documented by means of selected map segments
in larger scales with a commentary. The synthetic part comprises two morphostructural
schemes evaluating the effects of neotectonics and lithology as two crucial factors for the
evolution of local landforms.
As to neotectonics, the manifests of several phases of horizontal movements in
transtension regime (straight-line slopes, elongated ridges and grabens, pull-apart basins) are
preseved in the region, separating relatively intact areas (remnants of planation surfaces). As
to lithology, the differential rock resistance of solid consolidated rocks of the Bohemian
massif fundament of the Proterozoic and Palaeozoic age (convex landforms prevail) and less
resistant weakly consolidated sedimentary rocks of the Miocene, Pliocene and Quaternary age
(concave landforms prevail) is pronounced in the relief.
The land use changes in 20th century and their geomorphological
implications in lowland agricultural area (Voderady, Trnavská Hill Land,
Slovakia)
Anna SMETANOVÁ1), Miroslav KOŽUCH2), Juraj ONDR KA3), Jozef ER ANSKÝ4)
and Miloš STANKOVIANSKY5)
1,3,5)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Comenius University in Bratislava,
Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 4, 842 15, Slovak Republic; 2,4)Department of Carthography,
Geoinfomatics and Remote Sensing, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina,
Bratislava, 842 15, Slovak Republic
smetanovaa@fns.uniba.sk 1), kozuch@fns.uniba.sk2), ondrcka@fns.uniba.sk3),
cernansky@fns.uniba.sk4), stankoviansky@fns.uniba.sk5),
Keywords: land use changes, erosion, bright patches, GIS
The role of land use changes in acceleration of erosion in agricultural areas is widely
recognised. The modifications of landscape structure and land use practises in 20th century led
to significant soil degradation and widening of eroded areas (including so-called bright
patches) in Danube Lowland. Lowering of soil profiles and uncovering of maternity rock are
important markers of relief re-modelation through erosion.
We used aerial photographs and orthophotomaps from two time horizons (1949, 2004) to
evaluate the changes of landscape structure and extent of eroded areas. Relation of bright
patches to relief was assessed using DTMs based on detailed tachymetric measurements. The
possible influence of water and tillage erosion on their spatial growth was analysed through
erosion modelling. The land use history in 20th century was reconstructed.
Slight decrease in total cultivated area was proved. Total amount of 192 fields (average
area 0.8 ha) tilled mainly in slope direction were substituted with 5 large fields with contour
tillage. The area of bright patches increased 3.95- times. Smaller areas (max 0.7ha) situated
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near upper field boundary were predominant in 1949. They were spatially limited within
narrow field boundaries. The change in agricultural practises conditioned widening and
prolongation of original patches in new tillage direction. Larger regular long and narrow
patches were created on terrain edges. Their relation to areas of higher slope gradient is less
visible than in 1949. Content of concave forms of profile curvature and concave – concave
forms within patches increased. Analyses of current water and tillage erosion patterns show
influence of both processes on bright patches formation. The relation with areas of most
intensive tillage erosion is evident. Results suggest that bright patches were originally created
in topographic positions presumable influenced by tillage erosion. Intensification of
agriculture induced acceleration of both water and tillage erosion and thereby led to their
spatial spreading.
The study was supported by the projects Recent landform evolution and geomorphic effect
of extreme events (VEGA 1/0434/09) and Modelling of spatial landscape structures on the
base of digital photogrammetry data (VEGA 1/4034/07) of the Slovak Scientific Grant
Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and Slovak Academy of Science.
Holocene sedimentation dynamics and average catchment denudation
acquired from the sedimentary basins of the landslide-dammed lakes in the
Flysch Carpathians
Veronika SMOLKOVÁ1), Tomáš PÁNEK2) and Jan HRADECKÝ3)
1,2,3)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of
Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, Ostrava, 710 00, Czech Republic.
1)
veronika.smolkova@osu.cz, 2)tomas.panek@osu.cz, 3)jan.hradecky@osu.cz
Keywords: Flysch Carpathians, landslide-dammed lakes, sediment volume estimation,
electrical resistivity tomography, erosion rates, Holocene
Sedimentary records of the landslide-dammed lakes in the Flysch Carpathians are
significant sources of information about the Holocene relief development in this midmountain region.
Frequent variations in sediment type were documented and analysed in the profiles in
several fossil landslide-dammed lakes. Dating (14C) of these sedimentological boundaries
combined with the palynological analysis pin-points the repeated changes in the depositional
conditions connected with the environmental – mainly climatic – changes during the
Holocene.
For better understanding the relief development dynamics throughout the Holocene, lake
sedimentation rates and minimum average catchment denudation for each contributing
catchment were calculated. Applicability of the denudation rate assesment was tested by using
two methods of sediment volume estimation: i) rough estimation using horizontal projection
of the fossil lake and depth of the sediment base level acquired from the borehole, and ii)
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more precise estimation using several geophysical cross sections using the electrical
resistivity tomography.
Obtained erosion rate estimates were compared and discussed with the existent research on
erosion rates in other regions with comparable geographical conditions.
The relief of the Monoclinal Mountain-Ridge Magurka Wi la ska –
Magurka Radziechowska (Silesian Beskid, Western Carpathians)
Michal SOBALA
University of Silesia, Earth Sciences Faculty, B dzi ska str 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
m-sobala@wp.pl
Keywords: Western Flysch Carpathians, Silesian Beskid, monoclinal mountain ridge, the
relief of the ridge
The Silesian Beskid, a part of the Western Carpathians, is built of monoclinal measures of
the Carpathian flysch. The criterion of the relation of a ridge to the orientation of rock layers
allows to distinguish between a ridge related and unrelated to strike. Ridges related to strike
include a monocline. It is characterized by a distinct asymmetry of its slopes: quest-type
slopes have big inclinations, whilst bank-compatible slopes are relatively gentle. This
asymmetry is the basis for the diversification of morphological processes within the opposite
slopes.
The analysis of a monoclinal ridge was carried out on the example of Magurka Wi lana –
Magurka Radziechowska (Silesian Beskid). The author performed a geomorphological
plotting of the area and carried out an analysis of cartographic materials. On the basis of the
data obtained, cross-section and longitudinal profiles of the ridge, as well as the longitudinal
profiles of the water flows and the analysis of the structure of the river system were carried
out.
Spatial variation of weathering landforms of bed-rock in Orlik Massive,
Hrubý Jesenik, Eastern Sudetes
Dominika STAN
Faculty of Earth Science, University of Silesia, ul. B dzi ska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
standominika@go2.pl
Keywords: mechanical weathering, periglacial landforms, fractures, Hrubý Jesenik.
In Pleistocene cold climate conditions led up to outcrop rocks, which subjected intensive
mechanical weathering. Within the slope valleys and mountain ridges there were exposed
outcrops composed of more resistant rocks. It caused the beginning of creation of frost-riven
cliffs and cryoplanation terraces. When the cliffs were retreated they were subjected
separation. In the next stage it formed as individual rocks – tors.
Study area is localized within the Orlik Massive (1204 m a.s.l.), which is situated in Hrubý
Jesenik (Eastern Sudetes). Bedrock of the Massive belongs to the Eastern Sudetes
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Metamorphic unit, more precisely to the Desna dome. The range is composed of quartzite
overlay, which lay on metamorphic schits, migmatites and mylonites. Also on this area there
are frequently gneisses – both fine-grained forms, biottite-plagioclase and laminating with
coarse-grained forms.
The aim of this research was the reconstruction of Pleistocene and Holocene weathering
processes responsible for development of residual rocks, which are localized on the Orlik
ridge and outcrops on the eastern slope.
Geological structure of the Massive allowed to analyse the meaning of geological
deformation, for instance fractures which determinate the shape and appearance of rocks.
Investigation of spatial variation of bedrock structure with geometry of set fractures permit to
draw conclusions concern stress field responsible for their genesis. Obtained results let define
a surface increased deformability of weathering and reproduction of primary conditions,
which prevailed on the study area.
Moreover the analysis contained contemporary climate conditions, inclination and
exposure of slope and vegetation mantle.
Periglacial landforms like undoubtedly residual rocks and frost-riven cliffs gives a lot
pointers about the past and also they are a rich information source about climate conditions in
which they were formed. Therefore tors should be protected to investigate this phenomenon in
the future.
Analysis of the drainage network of the Hoštice foot step
Jakub STEMBERK
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Charles University in Prague, Albertov
6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
jakste@post.cz
Keywords: drainage network, tectonic activity, Sudetic Marginal Fault, Hoštice foot step,
Rychlebské hory Mts.
During last 2 years I analyzed the drainage network at the Hoštice foot step situated in the
NW part of the Rychlebské hory Mts. The attention was paid to landforms which could
indicate Quaternary activity of the Sudetic Marginal Fault. For this purpose I analyzed
topographic maps, digital elevation models and geological maps. After that during field works
I recognized anomalies of the drainage network and changes of valley forms just on crossing
with main faults. Field works resulted in construction of geomorphological maps showing the
distribution of the different valley forms and the selected landforms indicating possible
tectonic activity. Results of my analyses will be presented.
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Creation of DEM by kriging method and evaluation of the results
Jana SVOBODOVÁ1) and Pavel TU EK2)
Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, t .
Svobody 26, Olomouc, 771 46, Czech Republic.
1)
svobodova-j@centrum.cz, 2)tucek@inf.upol.cz
Keywords: interpolation, kriging, DEM, relief
The generated DEM is used for deriving values of various morphometric characteristics of
relief; however, their values differ according to the parameters of interpolation methods used.
An improperly selected and set interpolation method results in the creation of a DEM of low
quality, which then results in the derivation of erroneous values of geomorphometric
parameters. Errors in derived parameters are usually much more evident than in the original
DEMs. This is further enhanced by the properties (configuration) of the real relief – plains,
hilly lands, highlands and mountainous. It is evident that there is direct proportion between
the relative relief segmentation and the examined inaccuracies – in hilly areas the inaccuracies
are smaller than in mountainous areas. Any error in the DEM then generates an error in the
application results where relief is one of the factors.
Particularly the process of testing the kriging method as an interpolation method for the
creation of DEMs of various types of relief – plains, hilly lands, highlands and mountainous
will be present under the terms of this article. Input data, which were used for the testing,
were the layers with the altitudinal data of DMÚ25, which were obtained from the
Department of geoinformatics at the Palacký University in Olomouc and the research grant
MŠMT with the name “Dynamical Geovisualization in Critical Management” solved at the
Institute of geography at the Masaryk University in Brno.
A new data of the present day overbank sedimentation in the Vistula river
flood plain in the Krakow Gate
Jacek B. SZMANDA1), Tomasz KALICKI2), Edyta ŁOKAS3), Anna MICHNO4),
Barbara RADWANEK-B K5), Przemysław WACHNIEW6) and
Piotr SZWARCZEWSKI7)
1,2)
Institute of Geography, Jan Kochanowski University, wi tokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce,
Poland; 3)H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences,
Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland; 4)Institute of Geography and Spatial
Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; 5)Polish
Geological Institute, Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków, Poland; 6)AGH – University of Science and
Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, Poland; 7)Institute of Geography, Warsaw
University, Krakowskie Przedmie cie Warszawa, Poland
1)
jacek.szmanda@ujk.kielce.pl; 2)tomaszkalicki@ymail.com
Keywords: fluvial geomorphology, overbank alluvia, grain size composition, caesium
activity deposition rate, Vistula river.
Vistula flood plain in Krakow Gate has developed between horsts. It consists several
sandy-gravel bodies from the Late Glacial and Holocene. Channel sediments are covered with
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overbank deposits of both different age and grain size composition – sandy from the Late
Glacial and silty from the Holocene (Rutkowski 1987). Overbank deposits from the last two
centuries included coal from Upper Silesia (Rutkowski 1986) and from the last fifty years
shells of Dreissena polymorpha (Alexandrowicz 1984).
The aim of the study is a detailed lithofacial and grain size composition characteristic of
the overbank alluvia in the Vistula river valley in the Krakow Gate. Moreover, the purpose of
the radio-isotope 137Cs activity analyses was an estimation of the present day overbank alluvia
accumulation rate.
The overbak deposits in the Krakow Gate are accumulated on three levels of the flood
plain. The geological structure of the first (low) level, near the riverbank is heterogeneous.
This level consists of various thickness layers of lithofacies: massive silt (Fm), massive sandy
silt (FSm), massive silty sand (SFm), horizontally bedded gravelly (SGh) sand and massive
diamicton (Dm). Nowadays, the massive silt and silty sand are accumulated on the roof of the
first level (to 20 cm depth). The second level (middle) and the third one (upper) have a rather
homogenous lithofacial structure – massive fine-grained lithofacies (Fm). The texture of this
lithofacies is coarsing upward from clayey in the bottom to silty in the roof of levels.
Nowadays, massive silts are deposited on the surface of the second and third levels.
Analyses of 137Cs were carried out with the use of a high-resolution gamma-spectrometry
(HPGe, Silena). Activities were determined by the emission peak at 661 keV. 137Cs activities
varied in profiles from 1±1 Bq/kg dw to 137±6 Bq/kg dw and 3±1 Bq/kg dw to 150±6 Bq/kg
dw 137Cs activities generally decrease toward the bottom of the profiles. The maximum of the
cesium activity in profiles were observed at 4 cm and 7 cm, respectively. Accumulation rates
based on 137Cs profiles derived by assigning the year of Chernobyl peak (1986) to the level in
which the 137Cs activity shows a distinct peak. Deposition rates derived from 137Cs vary from
0.18 to 0.32 cm/year.
The investigation is founded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education
(grant no. N N306 424834).
References
ALEXANDROWICZ S.W., 1984: Late Quaternary Mollussan Succession of the
Małopolska. Bull. Acad. Pol. Sci. (Sci. terre), 32 (1-4): 27-36.
RUTKOVSKI J., 1986: The occurrence on carboniferous coal of anthropogenic origin in
the contemporaneous Vistula river sediments near Cracow (Southern Poland), Earth Surface
Processes and Landforms, 11: 321-326.
RUTKOVSKI J., 1987: Vistula river valley in the Krakow Gate during the Holocene. In:
Evolution of the Vistula river valley during the last 15000 years, part II. Geogr. Stud. Spec.
Issue 4: 31–50.
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Grain size composition and lithodynamic interpretation of the Danube river
overbank deposits' lithofacies – Bratislava inter-dike flood plain case study
Jacek B. SZMANDA1), Milan LEHOTSKÝ2) and Ján NOVOTNÝ3)
1)
Institute of Geography, Jan Kochanowski University wi tokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce,
Poland; 2,3)Institute of Geography, The Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 49, 814 73
Bratislava, Slovak Republic
1)
j.szmanda@ujk.kielce.pl, 2)geogleho@savba.sk,
Keywords: fluvial geomorphology, litofacie, overbank deposits, grain size distribution,
lithodynamic interpretation, Danube river, Bratislava.
We present the results of the grain size distribution and the lithodynamic interpretation of
Danube river overbank deposits lithofacie. The study was conducted on the fragment of the
inter-dyke floodplain in Bratislava.
Ten lithofacie types were assigned based on results of detailed grain size composition
analysis and structural interpretation (Table 1) The results of grain size composition analysis
show that the deposits are moderately, poorly and very poorly sorted. Moreover, alluvia have
usually positive and very positive skewed, and meso- and leptokurtic grain size distribution
(Folk, Ward 1957).
On that basis of the grain size distribution results the lithodynamic interpretation of the
depositional environmental condition was executed (Table 2). The valuation of the
environmental energetic flow competence was supported by the first percentile value (Royce
1968) on the Sundborg (1967) diagram. The average velocity flow interpretation was
executed on the base of the equations by Koster (1978) The Moss (1962) and Visher (1969)
methods of graining cumulative curves interpretation were base on the grain deposition
analysis.
The overbank alluvia lithofacie were accumulated by the different velocity. The most
competence of the flow was registered in the matrix-supported gravel lithofacie. The flow
velocity indispensable to the motion of the maximum lithofacie grain is above 3 m/s. The
alluvia on the flood plain were accumulated mainly from the saltation and much lower
contribution of the suspension. Their percentage and the grain size in the motion depended on
the settling velocity. Only four lithofacies were deposited from traction.
Table 1. Grain size composition features of Danube river overbank alluvia in Bratislava
Average percentage of fraction1
Percentage Average parameter value
Lithofacie
in
Mz2
Sk
KG
Gravel
sand
Silt
Clay
1
deposists1
Fm
12.9
6.2 1.5
0.3
1.1
3
89
9
37.1a
5.1 1.8
0.3
1.1
28
67
5
FSm
1.5b
4.3 2.6 -0.1
1.1
40
56
4
SFm
24.2
3.7 1.6
0.4
1.2
66
32
2
SFh
1.5
3.3 1.3
0.4
1.5
78
20
2
c
2.5 1.3
0.4
1.7
87
11
2
SFmi d
10.6
0.5
1.5
78
20
2
3.2 1.4
Sm
2.3
2.4 0.9
0.4
2.0
81
17
2
Sr
0.8
1.9 0.9
0.3
1.4
95
4.6
0.4
GSm
5.4
-1.1 2.4
0.3
0.6
62
36
1
Dm
1.5
-1.7 2.8
0.7
1.0
84(52e)
11
5
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State of Geomorphological Research 2009
1.5a
1.5b
-2.8
-4.2
1.3
1.0
0.4
0.4
1.5
2.1
85.2(17 e)
89.4(68 e)
4.2
10.4
0.6
0.2
Table 2. Selected parameters of lithodynamic interpretation of Danube river overbank
alluvia litofacies
Average
Average transport percentage1
Sedimentological
flow
Lithofacie
environment
velocity3
Traction
Saltation
Suspension
competence
by Koster
Fm
3.12 303
4.0
0
78
22
a
2.32 323
5.2
0,3
79,7
20
FSm
b
02 553
6.6
46
36
18
SFm
0.22 523
7.6
0
68
32
2
3
SFh
1.1 42
8.6
0
78
22
c
2
3
-0.1 58
10.6
0
86
14
SFmi
d
1.02 453
8.7
0
78
22
2
3
Sm
1.0 45
10.9
0
92
3
Sr
0.52 593
12.2
0
96
4
2
3
GSm
-4.0 230
26.6
70
29.5
0.5
Dm
-5.02 >3003
32.2
82
17
1
a
-4.92 >3003
42.0
0
90
10
Gm
b
2
3
-5.0 >300
62.0
97
2.7
0.3
1
[%], 2 [phi], 3 [cm/s], a – low energetic subtype, b – high energetic subtype, c – roof, d –
floor, e – cobbles including
References
FOLK R.L, WARD W.C., 1957: Brazos River bar: a study in the significance of grain size
parameters. J. Sedim. Petrol., 27: 3–26.
KOSTER E.H., 1978: Transverse rib: their characteristics, origin and paleohydrologic
significance. [W:] A.D. Miall (red.) Fluvial sedimentology. Can. Soc.Petrol. Geol. Mem., 5:
161-186.
MOSS A.J., 1962: The physical nature of common sandy and pebble deposits, Am. J. of
Science Part 1, 260, 5: 337-373.
ROYCE CH.F. 1968: Recognition of fluvial environments by particle-size characteristics.
J. Sedim. Petrol., 38:1171-1178.
SUNDBORG A., 1967: Some aspects on fluvial sediments and fluvial morphology, Geogr.
Annaler, 5, 49A: 333-343.
VISHER G.S., 1969: Grain-size distributions and depositional processes. J. Sedim. Petrol.
39: 1074-1106.
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Trace elements as the indicator of fluvial processes intensity and former
human activity (a case study from the Masovian Lowland)
Piotr SZWARCZEWSKI
Department of Geomorphology, Institute of Physical Geography, Faculty of Geography and
Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmiescie 30, 00-927
Warsaw Poland
pfszwarc@uw.edu.pl
Key words: trace elements, fluvial processes, human activity, cartographical sources.
Trace elements (heavy metals) may find their way to river channels either due to the
natural geological processes (hypergenetic, weathering – i.e. geochemical background) or due
to the economic activity of the man (during the Bronze Age, Iron Age and especially since the
industrial revolution). The growth of industry and urbanization in the last two centuries in the
Masovian Lowland brought an increased input of trace elements to river beds. Heavy metals
content in the sediments accumulated in the river channels and alluvial floodplains depends,
among others, upon the length of transport route from the source of pollution, time of
deposition (i.e. age of sediments) and grain size; it may change also due to the variation in the
discharge intensity. The accumulated river deposits preserve the record of history of heavy
metal input having originated from various pollution sources. On the basis of the archival
topographic maps analysis and field works (measurements, sampling, facial diffenciation)
there could have been defined the size of lateral movement of selected river parts and
estimated the age of accumulated alluvia. The segments of the river bed which feature
a constant increase of the deposited alluvia were selected as the most appropriate. The heavy
metals contents were measured with the use of AAS method (extraction in nitric acid) in the
sediments taken in the fraction < 0,063 mm.
The studies carried out on the Masovian rivers proved that, for selected sites, the chemical
properties of the sediments accumulated in the rivers valleys are well-correlated with the age
of sedimentation. It changes with the depth and distance from the river bed. A very important
role in the time and space changes in distribution of heavy metals plays the existing flood
embankments. Trace elements can be used then as the stratigraphical and fluvial processes
intensity indices.
This abstract presents the results of research conducted under a grant from the Ministry of
Science and Higher Education nr N306 013 31/0757 (2006–2009).
Dynamics of rockfall on the western slope of Smrk Mt.
(the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts.)
Karel ŠILHÁN
Department of physical geography and geoecology, University of Ostrava, Chittussiho 10,
Ostrava – Slezská Ostrava 710 00, Czech Republic
karel.silhan@osu.cz
There hasn’t been taken notice of rockfall in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. On the
base of realized recognoscation research it is evident that these types of slope processes occur
very often here. Locality on the western slope of Mt. Smrk was chosen for this case study. We
speak about rock-face of sandstones of middle godula layer in this area. This rock-face is
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probably uncovered part of fault surface and it’s parameters are about 20 m length and about
5 m height. There is dense net of horizontal striaces on the rock-face and thick godula
sandstones are powerfully jointed here. Talus about 30 m long, which is located below the
rock-face, has been covered by debris flow fan in its frontal part. This form is colonized by
species of Picea abies, Fagus sylvatica and Acer pseudoplatanus. We can say, almost all of
trees have some signs (scars), which were cause by falling clasts. Methods of
dendrochronology were used for evaluation of rockfall activity. It is important to notice, that
using of this mentioned methods for rockfall research is really very particular, not only in the
Beskydy Mountains, but also in the Czech Republic. This realized research is the first
investigation of this character ever in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Research was realized in
two phases. It was made investigation of visible scars of stems on single trees on talus, during
the first phase. It is unambiguous, that there are a lot of scars on the stems in the different
stage of wounding according by selected dates. It’s evident, the mean scars high is the highest
in the immediate distance from the rock-face and the amount of the scars decrease with
increasing distance from the rock-face. Four increment cores have been extracted for accurate
dating of scars in the second phase. Individual impacts were identified by occurrence of scar,
rows of traumatic resin ducts (by species of Picea abies), or by abrupt decreasing of
increments rings. Rockfall rate (number of impacts on length of sum of all trees diameters)
was used for evaluation of rockfall activity.
Active tectonics research within the sudetic marginal fault zone;
Vl ice u Javorníka site
Petra ŠT PAN ÍKOVÁ1), Jozef HÓK2), Daniel NÝVLT3) and Ji í DOHNAL4)
1)
Institute of Rock structure and mechanics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic,
V Holešovi kách 41, Prague 8, 182 09, Czech Republic, 2) Faculty of Natural Sciences,
Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Bratislava 4, 842 15, Slovakia, 3) Czech
Geological Survey, Leitnerova 22, Brno, 658 69, Czech Republic 4) Faculty of Sciences,
Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
1)
stepancikova@irsm.cas.cz; 2)hok@fns.uniba.sk
Keywords: neotectonics, faults, trenching, Sudetic Marginal Fault, Rychlebské hory Mts,
Bohemian Massif
A neotectonic analysis within the Czech segment of the Sudetic Marginal Fault zone
(SMF) was performed in order to assess the Quaternary tectonic activity of the fault. The
study area comprises the N–S striking segment of mountain front of the Rychlebské hory
Mts., which is related to the fault, to the south of Vl ice u Javorníka municipality.
The presented data are results of fieldwork, including mainly trenching across the SMF.
First, the digital elevation model (DEM) of the study area was examined. Besides
geomorphological investigation of the locality, a geophysical sounding tracing two profiles P1
and P2 were carried out. Multi-electrode resistivity method (resistivity tomography) and GPR
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(ground penetrating radar) was chosen to localise a suitable site for trenches. Three trenches
of the length of 10–15 m were performed tracing the profile P1, and one trench of the length
of 110 m traced the profile P2. Due to technical and safety possibilities (high groundwater
level), only the latter was furnished by 0.5 m X 0.5 m net and documented in detail. The
samples collected from the trench were analysed from various points of view: palynology,
clay minerals analysis, light reflectance of organic mass etc. Moreover, radiocarbon dating of
charcoal and buried soils was performed. In addition, detailed topographic profiles within the
sites by means of laser range finder and total station were performed.
In contrast to geological maps, the geophysical data as well as the trenches revealed a fault
dividing crystalline rocks of the Sudetic block (including Rychlebské hory Mts.) and Tertiary
deposits of the Fore-Sudetic block (incl. Žulovská pahorkatina hilly land) being shifted more
upslope and not tracing the foot of the mountains. In the trench P2, a thrust of crystalline
rocks over Miocene deposits was exposed. The strike of the reverse fault is 160° (sudetic
direction). The Miocene deposits are lithologically different in diverse parts of the trench. The
upper part is occupied by dark grey organic-rich silty sands alternating with light brown silty
sands. The middle part is composed of coarse-grained gravels with muddy matrix and
completely weathered boulders of crystalline rocks. The third part involves kaolinized silty
sands with clasts of desintegrated crystalline rocks, where also minor normal faults were
documented.
In the upper part of the trench, the reverse fault, which created a relief step, is covered by
early Holocene colluvial deposits (included charcoal 10,940 ± 280 BP). As the step must have
been seen on the surface before the deposition of the Holocene sediments, the movements
have probably occurred as late as in Late Pleistocene. The Miocene sediments in the lower
part of the trench are covered by two younger Holocene levels of colluvial sediments with
buried soils, which cover also Late Pleistocene alluvial fan sediments in the foot of the slope.
Based on radiocarbon dating, the age of these two soil units is 430 ± 240 BP and
410 ± 160 BP. Moreover, the older Holocene colluvial unit in the upper part and the younger
ones downhill are separated by a normal fault of strike 145°. The movements along this fault
must have occurred during the period 10,940 ± 280 BP and 430 ± 240 BP. The youngest
colluvium is probably related to enhanced slope activity due to deforestation of the area
during the post-colonial period.
Slope deformations of the central ridge of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts
(Slovakia)
Petr TÁBO ÍK1) and Tomáš PÁNEK2)
1,2)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, University of
Ostrava, Chittussiho 10, 71000, Czech Republic
1)
petr.taborik@post.cz, 2)tomas.panek@osu.cz
Keywords: slope deformations, flow slides, rock avalanches, Kysucké Beskydy Mts., Outer
Western Carpathians
Presented study is a part of the thesis dealing with mapping of particular slope
deformations, with their typology and especially with determination of processes and
dynamics of their genesis in the Kysucké Beskydy Mts. (NW Slovakia).
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The initial survey in the Ve ká Ra a massif indicates a character and main tendencies of
slope evolution of the relief of the Kysucké Beskydy Mts. The initial forms of the ridge
disintegrations, such as caves in the elongated depressions on the ridge, were found. Also,
relatively large landslides and consequential flow slides and debris flows were discovered
during reconnaissance of the terrain. The unusual type of slope deformation in the region is a
structurally predisposed ~ 2 kilometers long rock avalanche situated on the eastern slopes of
the Rycierova Hora Mt.
Regarding the typology of slope deformations, most of the types of slope movements –
sliding, shallow creep, flowing – were detected so far. The initial forms in the ridge area
(crevice-type caves, scarps) indicate the process of deep-seated creep. In reference to the
genetic affinity of the studied locality to other similar sites studied within the area of the
Magura Nappe in the Outer Western Carpathians, we can assume the process of lateral
spreading. Most of the identified slope failures display strong relationships with fault pattern
and bedding conditions. Previous research works revealed existence of giant of flow slides in
the area of the Kykula Mt. (some lobes are even 3 km long) which caused damming of several
valleys in the upper course of Oš adnica stream in the period of 11–10 ka BP.
During detailed investigation of particular landslide areas, the methods of morphometric
analysis, structural measurements and geophysical sounding (electrical resistivity tomography
– ERT) will be used. The results of ERT significantly assist to correct interpretation of the
genesis and dynamics of the slope deformations.
Rhytmic sedimentation on floodplain terrace in the Lubsza valley
Cezary TOMCZYK
Geoecology and Geoinformation Department, Adam Mickiewicz University, Pozna , Poland
tomczyk@amu.edu.pl
Hydrological conditions and climatic changes are particularly important for development
of river system. It concerns among the others to rivers where forming of river channel were
during Scandinavian ice sheet stage or it’s retreat. The research area is located in the south–
west Wielkopolska between the arskie Hills and the Głogowsko-Barucka outwash valley.
Detailed reconnaissance and characteristic of sediments building floodplain terrace of the
Lubsza river valley were the aim of carried analysis. Lithofacial analysis proposed by
Zieli ski (1998) was used for distinction of fluvial formations sets.
Preliminary research of the Lubsza valley showed big differentiation of sediments building
terrace. There is often a rhytmic sedimentation. Many structures are characterized by
a different texture. The lowest level (floodplain terrace) is built with first of all sand deposit
and mudy-sand. Sandy complex is built by deposit that are for lithofacies Sh, Sl, Sp.
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Morphology of the Bóbr Valley between Marciszów and Siedl cin –
contribution to the question of the Western Sudetes glaciations
Andrzej TRACZYK
Department of Geography and Regional Development University of Wrocław,
pl. Uniwersytecki 1, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland
traczyk@uni.wroc.pl
Keywords: Scandinavian ice-sheet glaciations, gorge valleys, Sudetes Mts.
Last geologic publications indicate that the Scandinavian ice-sheet reached the area of the
Jelenia Góra Basin once during the Elstera Glaciation, while the ice of Saale Glaciation
covered only marginal parts of the Western Sudetes. As an indirect results of ice transgression
to the foothill of the Karkonosze Mts. a narrow gorge valley developed following Jelenia
Góra near Siedl cin. Presumably this gorge valley was initiated by the sub-glacial (tunnel)
erosion of the bedrock in the deglaciation phase of transgression. On the other hand at the
eastern edge of the Jelenia Góra Basin preserved old meandering canyon valley formed during
the late Neogene. During the maximum of the Scandinavian transgression terminoglacial
(i.e. ice-contact) lake developed in this section of the Bóbr valley. Analysis of the Bóbr valley
morphology and conserved traces of glaciation allow to reconstruct the course of Elsterian
transgression in this part of the Sudetes.
Origin of ramparts in the Úpská and Harrachova jáma cirques and the
Mezikotlí valley, the High Sudetes
Václav TREML1), Martin MARGOLD2), Marek K ÍŽEK3), Zbyn k ENGEL4)
and Libor PETR3)
1,3,4)
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles
University in Prague, Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, 2)Department of Physical Geography and
Quarternary Geology, Stockholm University, 2)Department of Botany, Faculty of Science,
Charles University in Prague
1)
treml@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: High Sudetes, protalus rampart, Holocene, cirque, debris flow
The paper revisits formation and palaeogeographical significance of ramparts situated at
foothills of steep slopes of cirques and nivation hollows. Investigations were carried out in the
area of the Úpská and Harrachova jáma cirques (Krkonoše Mts.) and in the Mezikotlí valley
(Hrubý Jeseník Mts.). Analysed landforms had been already described by other authors either
as taluses or as protalus ramparts or even as solifluction lobes. Each of mentioned landforms
is linked with different palaeogeographical setting. Landforms were analysed by current
authors in order to define its size, morphology, clasts micro and macrofabrics. Also the age of
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the landform-formation was estimated by the means of lichenometry, Schmidt-hammer
rebound values and pollen analysis of fine-grained deposits. We come to conclusion that
ramparts situated bellow cirque walls of Úpská and Harrachova jáma cirques were formed by
processes similar to protalus rampart formation. Analysed landforms are even recently
undergoing through intensive aggradation of coarse debris. The ramparts from the Mezikotlí
site were more likely created by debris flow, which is evidenced by matrix and clasts
properties of sediment body. In addition, another large-scale, morphologically pronounced
accumulation was detected in Mezikotlí area using ground penetrating radar.
Geomorphological characterization of hillforts in Latgale, Latvia
Vita TURUKA
Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of Latvia, Alberta iela 10, R ga, LV
1050, Latvia.
vita@videseksperti.lv
Keywords: hillforts, geomorphological region, hillfort typology, relief forms
Hillforts are one of the best examples of the human interactions with nature for thousands
of years ago until the present. Usually hillforts have been investigated by means of
archaeology, but rare from the geological and geomorphological aspect, which provides the
key to the recognizing of landscape changes and helps to reconstruct the ancient landscapes
and climate, as well as human impact on nature. Interdisciplinary study of hillforts in Latvia
makes possible to better understand the geological development, contemporary processes and
environment of people living on the hillforts.
The aim of present study is to clear up geological conditions and geomorphological
features of the hillforts. Main investigation methods include survey of hillforts, studies of
topography, geomorphology and hydrological network and location respondingly to the last
glacier movement, the late glacial processes, as well as classification of hillforts according
there sizes, forms and natural and artificial character.
There are 6 different groups of forms of hillforts classified during earlier investigations.
Some more classifications have been made according hillfort geological structure. Geological
structures are very interesting for those hillforts at the banks of large rivers such as Daugava
River. The highest flutings, cames, eskers and plateau-like hills (zvonets) usually have been
used for hillforts. Some of hillforts have been located at the banks of the ancient lakes or
rivers and nowadays they are in quite far distance from water basins.
The present study has been devoted to the detailed investigation of the hillforts in Latgale
region, Eastern Latvia.
This study includes also evaluation of the geological processes and human impact also
after hillfort has not been settled, which allows us to determine a long-term view of human
and nature interactions, and help to determine measures for the hillfort management in the
future.
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Importance of geomorphology in natural hazards and risks research
Vít VILÍMEK
Department of Physical Geography and Geoecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 6, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
vilimek@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: palaeogeomorphology, natural hazards and risks
Geomorphology plays an outstanding role in research into natural hazards and risks related
directly to processes in lithosphere (mass movements, erosion, volcanic and seismic activity,
etc.). In addition, geomorphologic response of hydro-climatologic catastrophes cannot be
excluded (e.g. floods).
As in other geosciences, quantification and dating of processes as well as prediction based
on modelling and knowledge of landscape evolution are important. Useful in the natural
hazard and risk research is the ability of palaeogeomorphology to deals with problems of
previous events. It is very popular to compare the size and frequency of various hazardous
events (e.g. large slope deformations or volcanic eruptions) in order to predict when the next
event will occur. The main problem of such prediction is whether we have a sufficiently long
and significant set of events from selected areas.
As direct monitoring is usually too short for such prediction, palaeogeomorphology
(together with quantification and monitoring of recent processes) might be helpful in complex
research. In addition, the really enormous catastrophic events are usually out of the time-scale
of historical investigations and geomorphology could be a useful tool showing how large or
how quick the hazardous processes might be. Geomorphological studies of large events in
landscape evolution are of a great significance.
It means that geomorphology could help to evaluate the vulnerability of the society in
general and in some cases it could be helpful in social risks assessment as well.
Paleogeographical evidence of the sediments from the erné jezero Lake
area, the Bohemian Forest
Klára VO ADLOVÁ1), Marek K ÍŽEK2), Libor PETR3) and Pavla ŽÁ KOVÁ4)
1,2)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Physical Geography and
Geoecology, Albertov 6, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic; 3)University of West Bohemia in
Pilsen, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, Department of Archeology, Sedlá kova 15, 306 14
Plze , Czech Republic; 4)Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of
Botany, Benátská 2, 128 01 Praha 2, Czech Republic
1)
vocadlov@natur.cuni.cz, 2)krizekma@natur.cuni.cz
Keywords: paleogeography, glacial geomorphology, erné jezero Lake, The Bohemian
Forest
The research in the surrounding of the erné jezero Lake in the Bohemian Forest is
focused on the reconstruction of the relief development since the last glaciation, over the
deglaciation till the Holocene modelation. The main aims are glacial modelation of the relief,
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analysis of the extent and present-day state of the glacial relicts, determination and
comparison of glacial retreating stages and its interpretation in context of deglaciation in the
Bohemian Forest. The geomorphological, sedimentological and paleobotanical methods were
used.
The contribution is focused on presentation of the actual results gained through an analysis
of samples from a borehole in a peat bog. The bored profile was situated between lateral
moraines of the erné jezero Lake. Palynological analysis and 14C dating substantiate that
sedimentary record shows environmental changes from the end of the Pleistocene and during
the whole Holocene. The samples for these following analyses were separated from the
borehole (total depth 5.2 m): palynological analysis, macroremains analysis, loss on ignition,
radiocarbon dating, magnetic susceptibility, particle size analysis.
The upper layers (0–355 cm) contain the high proportion of the organic material; the layers
in depth 355–408 cm consist of clay with minimal content of the organic material; the last
part of the borehole (408–519 cm) contain silver-gray sandy clay which indicates calm
sedimentation in the water environment. The results of the palynological and macroremains
analyses prove the existence of the cold glacial lake. Megaspores of the two species of the
Isoëtes were found in the depth 360–370 cm. These water plants are indicators of the cold
oligotrophic water environment. 10 samples were dated by 14C method for time specification.
The research is supported by grants GAUK 32107, GAAV KJB 300460803,
MSM0021620831.
Shore erosion on the Klimkówka water reservoir
Łukasz WIEJACZKA
Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research
Station at Szymbark, 38 – 311 Szymbark 410
Key words: shore erosion, Klimkówka water reservoir
The aim of this study is to estimate the size of the shore erosion on the Klimkówka water
reservoir, which was created in 1994 on the Ropa river in the Low Beskids. The size of the
erosion was estimated by means of measuring the volume of the material washed away from
underneath the tree stumps and roots. The trees, which, before the reservoir was filled with
water, could have been found in great numbers within the shores, were cut when the
Klimkówka water reservoir came into existence. Conducted in August and September 2007
field works were concerned with measuring the height between the ground and the part of the
stump where all its roots meet, assuming that this was the approximate bottom level before
the creation of the Klimkówka reservoir. On the basis of the land mapping, 9 unequally high
segments of the removed layer of the ground were outlined along the shoreline of the water
reservoir, except for the backwater area (Fig. 1, Table 1). It was also assumed that the middle
value of each of the height ranges was the average height of the layer of the ground washed
away from the given segment of the shores. Subsequently, with the aid of a map at a scale of
1 : 10,000 as well as an aerial photograph, the length and the width of each of the segments
were established (between the many years’ average of the reservoir’s water level, amounting
to 392.5 m at its minimum and up to 398.6 at its maximum). This, in turn, allowed to
calculate the surface area of the separate fragments of the shore. As a result of multiplying the
surface of the segments by the corresponding average height of the washed away layer of the
ground, the cubic capacity of the eroded material from the given segment of the shore was
calculated.
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The conducted study has shown that 56,894 m3 was washed away from the shores of the
12.2 km long and 23 m wide Klimkówka water reservoir. The above amount of the washed
away material constitutes 0.13 % of the total volume of the reservoir. On average, around
5 m3 of the material eroded from a linear metre of the shore. The most significant erosion was
observed in the segments nr 7 and 8, where around 11 m3 and 8 m3 respectively were washed
from a linear metre of the shore. The smallest erosion, amounting to 2 m3 from a linear metre,
was characteristic of the segments of the shore whose both sides bordered with the backwater
area. Taking into consideration the fact that the shores of the Klimkówka reservoir is
constantly developing, one can assume that, as time goes by, the size of the shore erosion may
increase.
Table 1. The size of the erosion in the separate segments of the shores of the Klimkówka
water reservoir
Volume of
Height of the
Number
Average
Average the washed
Length
Surface
washed away
of the
width
height
away
2
[km]
[m ]
layer of the
segment
[m]
[m]
material
ground [m]
[m3]
1
1.0
17
16,801
0.1–0.3
0.2
3360
2
3.1
58
182,652
0–0.2
0.1
18,265
3
2.3
25
57,568
0.1–0.3
0.2
11,514
4
0.5
20
10,198
0–0.2
0.1
1020
5
0.8
15
12,239
0.1–0.3
0.2
2448
6
0.8
11
8280
0.4–0.6
0.5
4140
7
0.3
18
5462
0.5–0.7
0.6
3277
8
1.0
21
20,192
0.3–0.5
0.4
8077
9
2.4
20
47,931
0–0.2
0.1
4793
In total
12.2
–
–
–
–
56,894
Fig. 1. The segments of the shores of the Klimkówka water reservoir differing in terms of
the rate of the erosion (Table 1)
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Effects of small flood on river channel in the forested mid-mountain area –
erna Opava valley in 09. 2007
Małgorzata WISTUBA
Earth Sciences Faculty, University of Silesia in Katowice, B dzi ska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec,
Poland
malgorzatawistuba@gazeta.pl
Keywords: channel morphology, small flood, coarse wooden debris, mid-mountains, erná
Opava, Eastern Sudetes
erná Opava flows through the area of Eastern Sudetes. The river catchment is located in
the temperate climatic zone, in the mid-mountain area. The catchment area (47.6 km2) is
almost completely covered with artificially planted spruce forest. The river is 18.6 km long
and mostly unregulated. The studied valley section is 3.3 km long and 50–250 m wide. It is
located in the erná Opava middle and low reaches.
In the area of interest the valley floor is flat with several channel generations (geomorphic
mapping: 08. 2007): abandoned braided channel system, abandoned system of
meandering/wandering channels (low sinuosity and big radius), contemporary erná Opava
main, wandering channel with periodically active system of overflow flood channels.
In the beginning of September 2007 a small flood occurred in the erná Opava catchment.
On most of the analysed section the flood caused only refreshment of channel forms
(geomorphic mapping: 10. 2007). Undercut banks and overflow flood channels were
activated, channel lateral migration occurred, channel bars were created and refreshed.
Important changes occurred only in two study sites, where shifts in the course of erná Opava
were observed: channels were abandoned, the new were created or old reactivated.
More significant changes occurred in the upper study site (more steep, located in dense
forest with an artificial canal parallel to the natural river channel built after 1997). In this site,
because of the availability of coarse wooden debris, many large dams were formed crosswise
in the channel. Dams modified the flow direction. They caused: water overflowing and
flooding of the valley floor (sedimentation of fine deposit covers), water overflowing into
abandoned channels (upstream deposition of gravel-boulder bars). Artificial canal became the
main channel. In the lower study site (smaller slope, surrounded by meadows and pastures)
the main river channel was abandoned for overflow flood channel. The separating bar was
eroded at first and built up at the end of the flood. Only one small dam of wooden debris was
created. It did not change the river direction much. The flattening of the valley bottom was
more important. The flood water and energy dispersed there and channel shifting occurred.
Even small floods can cause significant changes in the morphology of river channels and
valley bottoms in the study area. The favourable condition is probably forest vegetation – and
therefore availability of coarse wooden debris. Observed changes were larger in the forested
site than in the open area. It is possible that the presence of artificial, spruce forests along the
riverside promotes delivery of trunks and branches to the channel. Spruce trees are more
susceptible to bank erosion than riparian vegetation.
The second factor important for channel shifting is smaller valley slope. It increases the
chance for channel bars formation and for current course changing. It is also possible that
building the artificial canal, instead of protecting, disturbed the channel stability. Then, even
the small flood, could have had such great effect on the morphology of upper study site.
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Neotectonics of the Polish Carpathians in the light of geomorphic studies
Witold ZUCHIEWICZ
Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science
and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
witoldzuchiewicz@geol.agh.edu.pl
Neotectonics of the Carpathians used to be studied extensively, particular attention being
paid to the effects of large-scale domal uplifts and open folding above marginal zones of
thrust and imbricated map-scale folds, and rarely to the characteristics of young faulting.
Neotectonic faults tend to be associated with the margins of the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin, at
the boundary between the Inner and Western Carpathians, as well as some regions within the
Outer Carpathians. The size of Quaternary tilting of the Tatra Mts. on the sub-Tatric fault
were estimated at 100 to 300 m, and recent vertical crustal movements of this area detected by
repeated precise levelling are in the range of 0.4–1.0 mm/a in rate. Minor vertical block
movements of oscillatory character (0.5–1.0 mm/yr) were detected along faults cutting the
Pieniny Klippen Belt owing to repeated geodetic measurements performed on the Pieniny
geodynamic test area. In the western portion of the Outer West Carpathians, middle and late
Pleistocene reactivation of early Neogene thrust surfaces was suggested. Differentiated
mobility of reactivated as normal Miocene faults (oriented (N–S to NNW–SSE and NNE–
SSW) in the medial portion of the Dunajec River drainage basin appears to be indicated by
the results of long-profile analyses of deformed straths, usually of early and middle
Pleistocene age. Quaternary uplift of the marginal part of the Beskid Niski Mts. (W–E to
WNW–ESE), in the mid-eastern portion of the Outer Carpathians of Poland, was estimated at
100–150 m, including no more than 40 m of uplift after the Elsterian stage. The state of
research into young faulting of the Outer Carpathians is far from sufficient. Recently initiated
studies of fractured clasts within Pleistocene and Holocene fluvial series will certainly
provide new constraints regarding seismotectonic activity of some reactivated thrusts and
strike-slip faults.
Volumetric characteristics of accumulations in Malá and Ve ká Studená
dolina valleys calculated using a digital model of relief
Miroslav ŽIAK1) and Marián ŠABO2)
1,2)
Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Physical
Geography and Geoecology, Mlynska dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
1)
ziakm@fns.uniba.sk, 2)sabo@fns.uniba.sk
Keywords: volumetric, accumulation, glacier, profile, GIS, DEM.
Volumetric characteristics of the sediment storage are applied to Malá and Ve ká Studená
dolina valleys in High Tatras Mts. These valleys were modeled by glacier activity. After the
decline of glaciers they have been gradually filled with holocene material. Thus they have lost
their original shape. Relicts of glacial accumulations lie at the bottoms and their forelands.
Volumetric characteristics were calculated on the base of precise digital elevation model
(DEM). Input data for DEM were collected using photogrametric methods. Regularized spline
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with tension – one of the most accurate interpolation method was choosen for DEM creation.
This spline method has a range of characteristics (e.g. flexibility, local behavior and segment
processing), which can be achieved through high quality interpolation and handle an
unlimited number of input data.
Transverse profiles of valleys and of their foreland were drawn in the same direction. The
shapes of profiles enabled detection of original valley bottom. The height of accumulated
material and volume of individual forms was determined. Quantification of valley filling was
realized by geomorphometric methods, evaluation of accumulation and other geographic
information system (GIS) approaches. The results contribute to identification and explanation
of spatial distribution of sediment storage types with respect to their activity and geomorphic
coupling.
This work was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency under the
contracts No. ESF-EC-0006-07.
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The publication has not been subject to language revision, only editorial changes
were applied.
71
GEOMORFOLOGICKÝ SBORNÍK 8
State of Geomorphological Research in 2009
Editors: Pavel Mentlík & Filip Hartvich
Czech Association of Geomorphologists, Department of Geography, University
of West Bohemia in Plze , Institute of Rock Structure and Mechanics AS CR,
v.v.i.
Published and printed by Tribun EU, s.r.o,
Gorkého 41, 602 00 Brno
www.librix.eu
ISBN 978-80-7399-746-5
First edition
Brno 2009
Pavel Mentlik