Fresh Produce Colloq. - American Pomological Society

APPLE 

Robert A. Norton 

AppleCorps 

East Wenatchee, Wash. 

Autumn Rose.—Strain of Fuji considered to be superior to Nagafu 

12. Origin: whole tree Fuji mutation discovered in Milton-Freewater, 

Ore. Fruit: 70% to 80% red color with fine stripe similar to Nagafu 12. 

Similar in other characteristics to other Fujis. 

Banning.—See Ultima Gala. 

Cripps 2.—See Sundowner. 

Eve ® Braeburn.—Strain of Braeburn with full red blush. Origin: 

mutation of Braeburn discovered in Nelson, New Zealand. USPP2 11604. Assigned to Willow Drive Nursery, Ephrata, Wash. Fruit: 

90% to 100% red blush, slightly later maturity than standard Braeburn. 

Kumeu Crimson Braeburn.—Early maturing strain of Braeburn 

with prominent stripe pattern. Origin: limb mutation of standard 

Braeburn discovered in Kumeu district of New Zealand. USPPAF. 

Assigned to International Plant Management Inc., Lawrence, Mich. 

Fruit: rich red color with prominent stripe developing 14 days before 

standard Braeburn. 

Snyder.—See Top Export ® Fuji. 

Sundowner (Cripps 2).—Extremely late-ripening cultivar from 

Australia. Origin: Golden Delicious x Lady Williams, developed by 

Western Australian Dept. of Agriculture breeding program. USPP 

8477. Fruit: red skin, sweet, crisp, white flesh with long shelf life. 

Matures 2 weeks after Granny Smith. Tree: vigorous, upright, tendency 

to biennial bearing. 

Top Export ® Fuji (Snyder).—Full-color sport of Red Fuji, with 

prominent stripe. Origin: probable mutation of BC 2 Fuji discovered 

in Quincy, Wash., 1994 by C&O Nursery. Introduced 2001. USPP 

12098. Fruit: typical Fuji in all characteristics except skin, which has 

very prominent striped pattern. Tree: similar to other Fujis. 

Ultima Gala (Banning).—Strain of Gala with high color and 

strong stripe. Origin: limb mutation of Imperial Gala discovered in 

1997 in Wenatchee, Wash. USPPAF. Fruit: 95% to 100% red color 

with strong stripe. Other fruit and tree characteristics similar to 

Imperial Gala. 

BLACKBERRY 

John R. Clark 

Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville 

Chad E. Finn 

USDA–ARS, Northwest Center for Small Fruit Research 

Corvallis, Ore. 

Caiguangue.—A thorny, erect blackberry. Origin: EMBRAPA/ 

Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil by Alverides Santos; an F2 of a 

cross of Cherokee x Selection Black 1 (=Shaffer Tree x Brazos). Not 

patented or protected. Fruit: medium, 6 g; firm; balanced sweet/acid 

HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 37(2), APRIL 2002 

Register of New Fruit and Nut Varieties 

List 41 

Edited by W.R. Okie 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research 

Laboratory, 21 Dunbar Road, Byron, GA 31008 

Crop Listings 1 : Apple, Blackberry, Blueberry, Cherry—Tart, Cherry—Sweet, Cherry—Rootstock, Currant, Grape, Nectarine, Peach, 

Pear—European, Pecan, Plum, Plumcot, Prunus Rootstock, Raspberry, Strawberry, Tropical Fruit—Abiu, Tropical Fruit—Canistel, 

Tropical Fruit—Mamey Sapote, Tropical Fruit—Sapodilla, Tropical Fruit—Zapote Chupa 

1 Thanks to the crop editors for compiling this information. Individuals with 

varieties to describe should contact the crop editors directly. Individuals willing 

to serve as crop editors should contact W.R.O. 

2 USPPAF = U.S. Plant Patent Applied For; USPP = U.S. Plant Patent. 

flavor; medium-size seeds; ripens near Tupi. Plant: vigorous; erect; 

thorny; with good propagation capability; chilling requirement is 

lower than 200 h; productive, with average production under Southern 

Brazil conditions of 3.5 kg/plant. 

Chesapeake.—A thorny, very large-fruited, fine-flavored 

blackberry. Origin: Univ. of Maryland at College Park by S. Kristine 

Naess as part of her Ph.D. research under the direction of Harry Jan 

Swartz. R. cuneifolius selection Crisfield x Shawnee; cross made in 

1993; seed was germinated in vitro in 1994; selected in 1996; tested as 

NSKNA-1. USPPAF by the Universities of Maryland, Rutgers, and 

Wisconsin-River Falls and Virginia Polytechnic Institute Cooperative 

Bramble Breeding Program. Fruit: very large, with primary fruit 15 

g; shape long; low acidity and high sweetness, even at the glossy-ripe 

stage; seed size medium to large and seed set is usually excellent; juicy 

and firm, although not as firm as Chester Thornless and Hull Thornless; 

ripens late, near Chester Thornless season. Plant: erect to slightly 

arching, moderately branched and vigorous canes with numerous 

large, somewhat recurved thorns; canes not hardy above southern 

Pennsylvania (or temperatures below –20 °C). No orange rust 

(Gymnoconia nitens) has yet to be observed on Chesapeake, however, 

some was observed on its siblings; propagules have been produced 

“true-to-type” from tissue culture, single-node cuttings, and root 

suckers. 

Gazda.—A hardy, thorny blackberry with medium-sized fruits for 

fresh market and processing. Origin: Institute of Pomology and 

Floriculture, Fruit Experimental Station, Brzezna, Poland, by J. Danek. 

Selected as open-pollinated seedling of selected blackberry from the 

wild (R. plicatus?) in Poland; seed collected in 1985; selected in 1988; 

tested as P 85631. Preliminary protection by Research Center for Crop 

Testing, Poland. Fruit: medium; round; firm; attractive and glossy; 

excellent flavor; soluble solids 12.2%; ripens early, ≈7 days before 

Orkan. Plant: erect canes with small number of thorns; short internodes 

and very short inflorescence; productive; winter hardy in Polish 

climatic conditions (–25 °C); moderately susceptible to red spider mite 

(Tetranychus urticae). 

Guarani.—A thorny, erect blackberry. Origin: Cross made at the 

Univ. of Arkansas with parentage [Lawton x (Darrow x Brazos)] x 

(Shaffer Tree x Brazos); seeds were brought to EMBRAPA/Clima 

Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; sel. by Alverides Santos and propagated 

under the name Guarani at EMBRAPA. Not patented or protected. 

Fruit: medium, 5–6 g; dark, uniform color; flavor sweet but 

prominent acidity also; firm; small seeds; ripens one week after Tupi. 

Plant: erect; thorny; vigorous and commonly suckers from the roots; 

low-chilling; productive with average production under Southern 

Brazil conditions of 3.6 kg/plant. 

Tupi.—A thorny, large-fruited, erect blackberry. Origin: 

EMBRAPA/Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, Brazil, by Alverides 

Santos. A hybrid of a wild trailing blackberry from Uruguay x 

Comanche; cross made in 1982. Not patented or protected. Fruit: 

large, 7–9 g; firm; long; well-balanced flavor and sweetness/acidity; 

seeds smaller than many cultivars; ripens early to midseason. Plant: 

thorny; erect canes; vigorous plants with moderate suckering from the 

roots; productive with average production under Southern Brazil 

conditions of 3.8 kg/plant; is adapted to mild winter areas. 

251

252 

BLUEBERRY 

Paul Lyrene 

Horticultural Sciences Department 

Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 

Alapaha.—An early-ripening rabbiteye blueberry. Origin: selected 

in 1972 at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, Ga., 

from the cross T-65 x Brightwell made by Arlen Draper. Tested as T- 

256. Released in 2001 by the Univ. of Georgia and USDA. USPPAF. 

Propagation rights controlled by Georgia Seed Development Commission, 

2420 S. Milledge Avenue, Athens, GA 30606. Fruit: medium 

size; excellent color and flavor; excellent firmness and small dry 

scars contribute to long postharvest life. Suitable for mechanical 

harvesting. Plant: vigorous, upright with a narrow crown. Flowers a 

week or more later than Climax in south Georgia, but ripens at about 

the same time as Climax. Consistently produces high yields. Chilling 

requirement 450–500 h. Leafing better than Climax, even following 

mild winters. Produces sufficient stems to renew the plant; somewhat 

susceptible to twig dieback. Propagates readily from softwood cuttings. 

Should be planted with other rabbiteye cultivars for cross 

pollination. 

Arlen.—A self-fruitful, late-season southern highbush blueberry. 

Origin: from the cross G-144 x FL4-76 made by Arlen Draper in 1976. 

Full sibling to Ozarkblue and Summit. Tested as G-600. Introduced in 

2001 by North Carolina State Univ. and USDA. Fruit: Recommended 

for hand harvest. Berry larger than Croatan and Legacy, excellent 

color and flavor; picking scar and firmness superior to Croatan and 

equal to Legacy. Plant: flowers about Croatan season; ripens two or 

three weeks after Croatan and a few days after Summit in southeastern 

North Carolina. Consistent production. Plant upright with good vigor. 

Resistant to stem blight and anthracnose (Colletotrichum) fruit rot. 

Fruit stores well. 

Augusta.—A high-yielding lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium 

angustifolium. Origin: selected in 1933 at Frankfort, Maine, by Leslie 

Whitten of the Maine Agricultural Experiment Station. Released in 

1975. Fruit: visually attractive, 1.0–1.2 cm diameter; good eating 

quality fresh or frozen. Berries mature uniformly in early to midseason. 

Plant: shoots are green, ≈18 cm high. Leaves 31 mm long and 17 mm 

wide. Flowers are self-incompatible, but pollen production is unusually 

good. The berries are borne mostly well off the ground where they 

can be hand-raked or harvested mechanically with minimum loss. 

Two-year-old plants at Kentville, Nova Scotia yielded 2,720 kg/ha and 

4-year-old plants 8,420 kg/ha. Berries are uniform in size and mature 

uniformly in early to midseason Susceptible to witches’ broom disease 

(Pucciniastrum goeppertianum), but has been free of redleaf 

(Exobasidium vaccinii), blight (Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi) and 

Botrytis fruit rot (Botrytis cinerea). Cuttings root readily under mist. 

Cara’s Choice.—A highbush blueberry with a sweet, aromatic 

flavor. Origin: released by USDA and N.J. Agricultural Experiment 

Station in 2000. Tested as G-695 and ARS 95-5. A seedling from the 

cross G-144 x US 165. Mostly northern highbush but also contains 

genes from V. darrowi, V. constablaei, and V. ashei. First selected in 

1981 and subsequently evaluated in southern N.J. Fruit: ripens with 

Bluecrop, medium size, light blue, with small, dry scar and excellent 

firmness. Very sweet with balanced acidity and a superior flavor that 

is complex and aromatic. Yield lower than for Duke and Bluecrop. 

Plant: intermediate to low-growing bush, flowering time between 

Bluecrop and Duke, ripens midseason. 

Chanticleer.—An early-ripening highbush blueberry. Origin: 

introduced in 1997 by M. Ehlenfeldt and N. Vorsa, USDA, Chattsworth, 

N.J., from the cross G-180 x Me-US 6620 made in 1974 by Arlen 

Draper. Full sibling of the cultivar Sunrise. Tested as G-481. Selected 

in 1978 from a seedling field grown in Hammonton, N.J. Fruit: earlyripening, 

fruit medium size, medium to light blue, with dry scar and 

good firmness. Sweet, subacid with mild flavor. Berry stores as well 

as Sunrise but not as well as Duke. Plant: upright, medium-height. 

Flowers after Weymouth but before Duke and Sunrise. Resistant to 

mummy berry blight in New Jersey. 

Cumberland.—A high-yielding lowbush blueberry with excellent 

fruit flavor. Origin: selected from a native stand of lowbush 

FRUIT AND NUT REGISTER 

blueberry at West Brook, Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, in 1964. 

Tested in the Maritime Provinces, Quebec, and Maine under the 

number 510 and released in 1988. Fruit: medium size, ≈0.5 g/berry, 

globose, with a light bloom; has a small pedicel scar and a very good 

taste either fresh or frozen. Berries mature uniformly within the cluster 

in early midseason, 4 days after Brunswick and 4 days before Blomidon. 

Plant: moderate growth, up to 25 cm high. Foliage is medium green, 

with an elliptical leaf, 29 mm × 12 mm Stems and leaf midribs 

pubescent. Flowers in the middle of the bloom period. Self-incompatible 

but has good pollen viability and is cross-compatible with several 

other clones. Yields average high over many years. Both openpollinated 

seedlings and rooted cuttings have high productivity. Roots 

readily from softwood cuttings. 

Emerald.—A high-yielding, low-chill southern highbush blueberry. 

Origin: from the cross FL 91-69 x NC 1528 made at the Florida 

Agricultural Experiment Station in 1989. Selected in 1993 at 

Gainesville, Fla. Tested as FL 95-209-A. Released in 2001. USPP 

12165. Fruit: ripens a week later than Star, and equal to Sharpblue. 

Large, with excellent scar and firmness and sweet, subacid flavor. 

Color medium blue. Plant: vigorous, intermediate between spreading 

and upright, chilling requirement similar to Sharpblue, 200–300 h. 

Requires cross pollination for high fruit set. Appears to have good field 

resistance to phytophthora root rot, cane canker, and stem blight. 

Fundy.—An extremely vigorous lowbush blueberry with large 

fruit. Origin: open-pollinated seedling of Augusta selected in 1969 at 

Kentville Research Centre, Nova Scotia, Canada. Tested in eastern 

Canada under the number 69-1 and released in 1988. Fruit: ovate, with 

a heavy bloom. Berry very large, averaging 0.72 g per berry, with the 

largest berries exceeding 1 g. Clusters of berries are held on upright 

stems, making hand harvesting efficient. The pedicel scar is medium 

and the calyx end is closed. Fresh flavor is good but not as intense as 

for Cumberland. Berries mature uniformly within the cluster in early 

midseason, ≈4 days after Brunswick and 4 days before Blomidon. 

Plant: extremely vigorous, with strong, erect sprouts reaching up to 40 

cm in height. Leaves average 29 mm x 15 mm and are slightly glossy. 

Flowers in the middle of the bloom period with white corollas that are 

6 mm long. Pollen production is good, but Fundy is self- incompatible. 

Roots readily from softwood cuttings. 

Hannah’s Choice.—A highbush cultivar with improved sweetness, 

firmness, and flavor. Origin: released by the USDA and the New 

Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in 2000. Tested as G-805 and 

ARS 95-4. From the cross G-136 x G-358. One grandparent was a 

colchicine-doubled plant of V. atrococcum selected from the wild in 

New Jersey. Seedling was selected and evaluated in New Jersey. 

Fruit: ripens at the same time as Duke. Sweet, subacid, and mildflavored. 

Medium to large, medium to light blue, good scar and 

excellent firmness. Plant: upright bush with pink-tinged flowers. In 

New Jersey, yields average 60 to 70% of Duke and Bluecrop. 

Jewel.—A lowchill southern highbush blueberry with a large 

berry. Origin: from a cross made at the Florida Agricultural Experiment 

Station in 1986. Seedling selected in Gainesville, Fla., in 1988 

and released in 1999. Tested as FL 92-176. USPP 11807. Fruit: large, 

medium blue with good scar and firmness. Berry tart when first blue, 

becoming sweeter and less tart if allowed to remain on the bush for 

several days after color break. Early ripening; ripens ≈1 week before 

Sharpblue in north Florida. Plant: vigorous, somewhat spreading. 

Chilling requirement similar to Sharpblue, 200–300 h. Flowers ≈1 

week before Sharpblue in Gainesville. Somewhat susceptible to stem 

blight and phytophthora root rot. 

Maru.—A high-yielding, late-ripening rabbiteye blueberry. Origin: 

produced in New Zealand from open-pollinated seed of Premier 

obtained from an unknown source in the United States in the mid- 

1970s. This seed lot also gave rise to Rahi. The seedling was selected 

in New Zealand in 1989 by Narandra Patel, tested as G-5, and released 

in 1992 by the Horticulture and Food Research Institute of New 

Zealand. New Zealand Plant Variety Right #843. Fruit: large and 

firm, with moderate bloom and average rabbiteye flavor, which is 

enhanced if the fruit are not harvested immediately after they look ripe. 

In New Zealand, Maru ripens after Powderblue and Rahi and at the 

same time as Centurion. Berries handle and ship well and can be CA 

stored for up to 4 weeks. Maru has become a dominant rabbiteye 

HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 37(2), APRIL 2002

cultivar for supplying New Zealand export markets in February and 

March. 

Millennia.—A high-yielding southern highbush blueberry with 

excellent fruit color. Origin: from the cross FL85-69 x O’Neal made 

at the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station in 1986. Two of the four 

grandparents of FL85-69 were native tetraploid V. corymbosum selected 

from the wild in northeast Florida. Selected in 1988 in Gainesville, 

Fla., tested as A-17, and released in 2001. USPPAF. Fruit: earlyripening; 

ripens in north Florida with Star, a week before Sharpblue. 

Large, light-blue color, with excellent scar and firmness. Flavor mild. 

Plant: vigorous, somewhat spreading. Produces numerous flower 

buds and is capable of producing high yields. Medium to good 

resistance to phytophthora root rot, stem blight, and cane canker. 

Chilling requirement similar to Star, ≈300 h. 

Onslow.—A late-ripening rabbiteye blueberry. Origin: from the 

cross Premier x Centurion made by G.J. Galletta. Full sibling to 

Yadkin. Selected at Castle Hayne, North Carolina by James Ballington. 

Tested as NC 2013. Introduced in 2001 by North Carolina State Univ. 

Fruit: large, has excellent picking scar and firmness. Resistant to 

stemming, fruit-scar tearing, and cracking. Color medium-blue, flavor 

is peasant and aromatic when allowed to fully ripen. Outstanding for 

high percent marketable fruit and low percent soft and decayed fruit 

even after seven days storage at 21 °C. Ripens with Powderblue. 

Plant: very upright, high vigor, ripens late midseason to late. Flowers 

at about the same time as Tifblue; could be used to cross-pollinate 

Powderblue and Tifblue. Self-fruitful. Appears to tolerate somewhat 

higher soil pH than typical blueberries and is more cold tolerant than 

most rabbiteye varieties. 

Rahi.—A late-ripening rabbiteye blueberry. Origin: produced in 

New Zealand from open-pollinated seed of Premier obtained from an 

unknown source in the USA in the mid-1970s. This seed lot also gave 

rise to Maru. The seedling was selected in New Zealand in 1989 by 

Narandra Patel, tested as C-38, and released in 1992 by the Horticulture 

and Food Research Institute of New Zealand. New Zealand Plant 

Variety Right #844. Fruit: medium size, round, very firm, light blue, 

with excellent flavor. Ripens slightly after Powderblue but before 

Centurion and Maru in New Zealand. Has superior storage qualities 

and can be CA stored for up to 8 weeks. Plant: upright and vigorous 

with a noticeable pink-green foliage. Yield medium. 

Sapphire.—A low-chill southern highbush blueberry with lightblue 

berry color. Origin: from a cross made at the Florida Agricultural 

Experiment Station in 1980. Selected in Gainesville, Fla., in 1982. 

Tested as FL84-37 in Sebring (Highlands County), Fla., and released 

in 1999. USPP 11829. Fruit: large, light-blue color, good scar, 

firmness, and flavor. Early-ripening; ripens a week before Sharpblue 

in south-central Florida. Plant: vigor medium, heavy flower-bud 

producer. Medium-upright, good resistance to phytophthora root rot, 

stem blight, and cane canker. May require winter pruning to prevent 

over-fruiting. Flowers a week before Sharpblue at Sebring; chilling 

requirement 200–300 h. 

CHERRY—TART 

Amy F. Iezzoni 

Department of Horticulture, Michigan State Univ. 

East Lansing 

Balaton .—A late ripening morello-type Prunus cerasus cultivar. 

Origin: selected in Hungary by Petho Ferenc, Tibor Szabo, and 

Bertalan Pusztai. Tested in the United States by Amy Iezzoni, Michigan 

State Univ. Fruit: large; burgundy red skin, flesh and juice; dry stem 

scar; ripens ≈1 week later than Montmorency; firmer and sweeter than 

Montmorency. Tree: more vigorous than Montmorency; self-fertile. 

Danube .—An early ripening large sweet Prunus cerasus cultivar 

suitable for the fresh market. Origin: selected in Hungary by Maliga 

Pál from the cross Pándy x Nagy Angol. Tested in the United States by 

Amy Iezzoni, Michigan State Univ. Fruit: large, burgundy red skin, 

flesh and juice; firm; dry stem scar; sweeter than Montmorency; ripens 

early season, ≈1 week before Montmorency. Tree: spreading habit, 

moderate vigor; self-fertile; early bloom time; less cold hardy than 

Montmorency. 


CHERRY—SWEET 

Gregory A. Lang 

Dept. of Horticulture, Michigan State Univ. 

East Lansing 

Andy G’s Son.—Very early-season dark red cherry. Origin: in 

Laton, Calif., by Robert Hurlbut. Introd. in 1996. USPP 10578; a sport 

of Early Burlat, sel. in 1992. Fruit: large, rounded; deep red skin color; 

firm, red flesh, with good slightly tart flavor; very early ripening, 5– 

7 days before Burlat; somewhat less susceptible to rain-induced 

splitting. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown; Rainier and Black 

Tartarian recommended as pollenizers), blooms 5–7 days before 

Burlat; vigorous, upright and spreading growth habit; good productivity; 

well-adapted to warmer climates. 

BlackGold .—See Ridgewood. 

Cashmere .—Self-fertile, early-ripening dark red cherry. Origin: 

in Prosser, Wash., by Thomas Toyama and Ed Proebsting, Washington 

State Univ. Introd. in 1994. Propagation rights assigned to Northwest 

Nursery Improvement Institute. Stella x Early Burlat; cross made 

in 1971, sel. in 1976; tested as PC 7144-3. Fruit: medium-large; round 

to oblong, with medium slender stems; dark mahogany red skin; firm, 

dark red flesh, juicy with excellent flavor; more susceptible to raininduced 

splitting than Bing; ripens 9–11 days before Van. Tree: selffertile; 

blooms late, 3 days after Van; vigorous, spreading growth, with 

a horizontal branch habit; consistently very productive. 

Chelan .—Early-ripening dark red cherry, resistant to powdery 

mildew. Origin: in Prosser, Wash., by Thomas Toyama and Ed 

Proebsting, Washington State Univ. Introd. in 1991. USPP 8545; 

assigned to Washington State Univ. Research Foundation. Stella x 

Beaulieu; cross made in 1971, sel. in 1978; tested as PC 7146-23. 

Fruit: medium-large to large, smaller when overcropped; round to 

broadly cordate, with medium long slender stems; glossy, dark mahogany 

red skin; exceptionally firm, dark red flesh, juicy with good 

flavor at full ripeness; less than average susceptibility to rain-induced 

splitting; ripens 10–12 days before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S3S9), incompatible with Tieton and Burlat) ; blooms early, 3 days before 

Van; vigorous, upright-spreading growth habit; very productive; resistant 

to powdery mildew. 

Columbia .—Self-fertile midseason dark red cherry. Origin: in 

Prosser, Wash., by Thomas Toyama, Ed Proebsting, and Gregory 

Lang, Washington State Univ. Introd. in 2000. USPPAF; assigned to 

Washington State Univ. Research Foundation. Stella x Beaulieu; cross 

made in 1971, sel. in 1977; tested as PC 7146-8. Fruit: large, heartshaped, 

with moderate length stems; dark red skin; firm, dark red flesh, 

with an excellent sweet-tart flavor; less than average susceptibility to 

rain-induced splitting; ripens midseason, with Van. Tree: self-fertile, 

blooms late, 3–5 days after Van; vigorous, upright growth habit; good 

productivity. 

Earlisweet.—Very early-season red cherry. Origin: in Modesto, 

Calif., by Floyd Zaiger. Introd. in 1995. USPP 9783. Stella x op. Fruit: 

medium size, globose to slightly oblate, with short stems; red skin; 

moderately firm, pink to red flesh, good mild flavor; average susceptibility 

to rain-induced splitting; very early ripening, 23 days before 

Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown), blooms early; vigorous, 

upright growth habit; very productive. 

Early Garnet .—See Early Red. 

Early King.—Early-season, dark purple cherry well-adapted to 

warmer climates. Origin: in Kingsburg, Calif. by Shinichi Mukai. 

Introd. in 1996. USPP 10326; a sport of King. Fruit: medium size; 

dark purple skin; red flesh, with a mild sweet flavor; tolerates high 

temperatures that cause fruit doubles/spurs; early ripening, 10 days 

before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown), blooms slightly 

ahead of Van; vigorous, upright growth habit; very productive; well 

adapted to warmer climates. 

Early Red (Early Garnet ).—Early-season dark red cherry, welladapted 

to warmer climates. Origin: in Lodi, Calif., by Marvin Nies. 

Introd. in 1995. USPP 9368. Garnet x Ruby; cross made in 1976, sel. 

in 1982; tested as T 7-64-2. Fruit: moderately large, globose with 

prominent shoulders, with short thick stems; glossy dark red skin; very 

firm, dark red flesh, with good sweet flavor; tolerates high tempera- 

253

tures that cause fruit doubles/spurs; very early ripening, 14 days before 

Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown), blooms very early, 2 

weeks before Van; moderate vigor, upright growth habit; precocious 

and productive. 

Firm Red (Late Garnet ).—Very large, dark red cherry with 

excellent tolerance to rain- induced fruit splitting. Origin: in Lodi, 

Calif., by Marvin Nies. Introd. in 1995. USPP 9857. Large Red x 

Garnet; cross made in 1976, sel. in 1982; tested as T 6-324-6. Fruit: 

very large, globose with prominent shoulders, with moderately-long 

medium-thick stems; shiny red-black skin; very firm dark red flesh, 

with good sweet flavor; tolerates high temperatures that cause fruit 

doubles/spurs; excellent tolerance to rain-induced splitting; ripens 

early-midseason, 3 days before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles 

unknown), blooms with or slightly ahead of Van; vigorous, upright to 

moderately spreading growth habit; good productivity. 

Garnet .—An early-midseason red cherry, well adapted to warmer 

climates. Origin: in Lodi, Calif., by Marvin Nies. Introd. in 1978. 

USPP 4431; Hardy Giant x Bing. Fruit: large, globose shape, with 

short stems; glossy red skin; red flesh, with excellent mild sweet 

flavor; average susceptibility to rain-splitting; early-midseason ripening, 

6 days before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown), 

blooms early, 4 days before Van; vigorous, upright to spreading 

growth habit; very productive. 

Giant Red (Giant Ruby ).—Very large, red cherry well-adapted 

to warmer climates. Origin: in Lodi, Calif., by Marvin Nies. Introd. in 

1995. USPP 9659; Large Red x Ruby; cross made in 1976, sel. in 1982; 

tested as T 8-22-4. Fruit: very large, globose with prominent shoulders, 

with moderate length stems; shiny dark red skin; firm, dark red 

flesh, with excellent mild sweet flavor; tolerates high temperatures 

that cause fruit doubles/spurs; average susceptibility to rain-splitting; 

early-ripening, 8 days before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles 

unknown), blooms a week before Van; moderately vigorous, open 

growth habit with wide-angled, pendulous branching; very good 

precocity. 

Giant Ruby .—See Giant Red. 

Glacier .—Self-fertile, very large midseason dark red cherry. 

Origin: in Prosser, Wash., by Thomas Toyama and Ed Proebsting, 

Washington State Univ. Introd. in 1990. USPP 8051; assigned to 

Washington State Univ. Research Foundation. Stella x Early Burlat; 

cross made in 1971, sel. in 1976; tested as PC 7144-7. Fruit very large; 

broadly cordate to rounded, with long slender stems; glossy, dark 

mahogany red skin; moderately firm to soft, dark red flesh, juicy with 

an excellent sweet flavor; average susceptibility to rain-splitting; 

ripens 1–3 days before Van. Tree: self-fertile, blooms with or slightly 

after Van; vigorous, upright-spreading growth habit; moderately productive. 

Index .—Self-fertile, large early midseason dark red cherry. Origin: 

in Prosser, Wash., by Thomas Toyama and Ed Proebsting, 

Washington State Univ. Introd. in 1994. USPP 10459; assigned to 

Washington State Univ. Research Foundation. Stella x unknown; 

cross made in 1972, sel. in 1978; tested as PC 7222-1. Fruit: large; 

broadly cordate to rounded, with slender stems; glossy, dark mahogany 

red skin; firm, dark red flesh, juicy with a sweet, low acid 

flavor, edible when still pink; average susceptibility to rain-splitting; 

ripens 3–5 days before Van. Tree: self-fertile, blooms 3 days before 

Van; vigorous, upright-spreading growth habit; very productive. 

Large Red (Lodi ).—A large, midseason dark red cherry of semidwarf 

vigor. Origin: in Lodi, Calif., by Marvin Nies. Introd. in 1995. 

USPP 9658; Hardy Giant x Berryessa; cross made in 1963, sel. in 1968; 

tested as MR 4-44. Fruit: very large, rounded globose shape, with long 

stems; dark red skin; firm, dark red flesh, with excellent sweet flavor; 

less than average susceptibility to rain-splitting; early-midseason 

ripening, 3 days before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown), 

blooms with Van; moderately vigorous, open growth habit with wideangled, 

pendulous branching; very precocious and productive. 

Late Garnet .—See Firm Red. 

Liberty Bell .—Self-fertile, very large late-season dark red cherry. 

Origin: in Prosser, Wash., by Thomas Toyama, Ed Proebsting, and 

Gregory Lang, Washington State Univ. Introd. in 2000. USPPAF; 

assigned to Washington State Univ. Research Foundation. (Rainier x 

Bing) x Stella; cross made in 1970, sel. in 1977; tested as PC 7064-3. 

254 


Fruit: very large, round shape, with very long stems; dark red skin; 

firm, red flesh, with an excellent sweet flavor; average susceptibility 

to rain-splitting; late-ripening, 10–14 days after Van. Tree: selffertile, 

blooms with or slightly ahead of Van; vigorous, upright growth 

habit; good productivity. 

Lodi .—See Large Red. 

Newfane (WhiteGold ).—Self-fertile, midseason yellow cherry. 

Origin: in Geneva, N.Y., by Robert Andersen, Susan Brown, and 

Roger Way, Cornell Univ. Introd. in 2001. USPPAF; assigned to 

Cornell Research Foundation. Emperor Francis x Stella; cross made in 

1975, sel. in 1984; tested as NY 13688. Fruit: large, oblong round 

shape, with moderate length stems; yellow skin with red blush; firm 

yellow flesh; less than average susceptibility to rain-induced splitting; 

midseason ripening, with or slightly before Van. Tree: self-fertile, 

blooms with Van; moderate vigor, upright growth habit; good tolerance 

to bacterial canker (Pseudomonas). 

Olympus .—Late midseason dark red cherry. Origin: in Prosser, 

Wash. by Thomas Toyama and Ed Proebsting, Washington State 

Univ. Introd. in 1990. USPP 8033; assigned to Washington State Univ. 

Research Foundation. Lambert x Van; cross made in 1966, sel. in 

1977; tested as PC 6659-2. Fruit: large, heart-shaped with a pronounced 

suture ridge, with moderate length stems; glossy, dark mahogany 

red skin; firm, dark red-black flesh, juicy with low acid flavor; 

average susceptibility to rain-induced splitting; late midseason ripening, 

5–7 days after Van. Tree: self-infertile (S 1S) incompatible with 

Van and Olympus; blooms late, 3–5 days after Van; vigorous, spreading 

growth habit; very productive. 

Red Crystal.—Self-fertile, very early-season dark red cherry. 

Origin: in Reedley, Calif., by Hideki Otani. Introd. in 1994. USPP 

9787. Chance seedling; sel. in 1988, tested as P-75. Fruit: medium 

size, broadly to somewhat oblate shape, with medium length stems; 

bright glossy, dark red skin; moderately firm, pink-to-red flesh, with 

a mild slightly tart flavor; very early-ripening, 22–24 days before 

Van. Tree: self-fertile, blooms slightly earlier than Van; vigorous, 

upright to upright-spreading growth habit; well-adapted to warmer 

climates. 

Regina.—Late-season dark red cherry, with excellent tolerance to 

rain-induced fruit splitting. Origin: in Jork (Hannover), Germany, by 

Karl-Heinz Tiemann at the Fruit Experiment Station, Jork. Introd. in 

1998. USPP 11530; assigned to Jork Fruit Research Station. Schneiders 

Spate Knorpelkirsche x Rube; tested as Jork 57/201. Fruit: large, 

slightly heart-shaped, with moderate length stems; attractive dark red 

skin; very firm, dark red flesh with very good sweet-tart flavor; 

excellent tolerance to rain-induced splitting; late ripening, 12–16 days 

after Van. Tree: self-infertile (S 1S 3), incompatible with Van and 

Olympus, blooms late, 4–6 days after Van; vigorous, upright growth 

habit; moderate precocity and productivity. 

Ridgewood (BlackGold ).—Self-fertile, midseason dark red 

cherry. Origin: in Geneva, N.Y., by Robert Andersen, Susan Brown, 

and Roger Way, Cornell Univ. Introd. in 2001. USPPAF; assigned to 

Cornell Research Foundation. Starks Gold x Stella; cross made in 

1975, sel. in 1984; tested as NY 13791. Fruit: large, round shape, with 

long stems; dark red skin; firm red flesh; average susceptibility to raininduced 

splitting; midseason ripening, with Van. Tree: self-fertile, 

late blooms, 4–5 days after Van; moderate vigor, spreading growth 

habit. 

Royal Rainier.—Early-season, productive, blushed yellow cherry. 

Origin: in Modesto, Calif., by Floyd Zaiger. Introd. in 1997. USPP 

10790. (Stella op) op. Fruit: medium to large, globose to slightly 

oblate, with moderate stem length; yellowish-white skin, with a 

reddish blush with exposure to sun; firm, yellow flesh, good mild 

flavor; early ripening, ≈5 days before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S 

alleles unknown), blooms with Van; vigorous, upright growth habit; 

very productive. 

Ruby.—Early season dark red cherry, with excellent tolerance to 

rain-induced fruit splitting. Origin: in Lodi, Calif., by Marvin Nies. 

Introd. in 1978. USPP 4436. Hardy Giant x Bush Tartarian. Fruit: 

moderately large, globose to slightly cordate, with short stems; glossy 

red skin; fairly firm, dark red flesh, with a sweet flavor; excellent 

tolerance to rain-induced splitting; very early ripening, after Burlat but 

before Van. Tree: self-infertile (S alleles unknown), blooms early, 


efore Van; moderate vigor, upright to spreading growth habit; precocious 

and very productive. 

Scarlet.—Very large, early-midseason dark red cherry, welladapted 

to warmer climates. Origin: in Patterson, Calif., by Ciro 

Mancuso. Introd. in 1995. USPP 9723. Chance seedling in 1975; sel. 

in 1982, tested as 7506B. Fruit: very large, globose to slightly oblate 

shape, with short thick stems; glossy, red-purple skin; very firm, red 

to purple flesh, excellent sweet flavor; excellent tolerance to raininduced 

splitting; ripens early-midseason, 6 days before Van. Tree: 

self-infertile (S alleles unknown; Tulare recommended as pollenizer), 

blooms early, 6 days before Van; moderate vigor, upright growth 

habit; precocious and very productive; well-adapted to warmer climates. 

WhiteGold .—See Newfane. 

CHERRY—ROOTSTOCK 

Gregory A. Lang 

Horticulture Dept., Michigan State Univ. 

East Lansing 

Gisela ® 1.—Very dwarfing, precocious rootstock. Origin: at 

Giessen, Germany, by W. Gruppe and H. Schmidt, Justus Liebig Univ. 

Introd. in 1994. Propagation rights assigned to Interplant Patent 

Marketing, Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus fruticosa 

Klon 64 x Prunus avium; tested as Gi 172-9. Plant: triploid, dwarfing 

rootstock for sweet and tart cherries; grafted mature tree size is ≈25% 

to 35% compared to F12/1 Mazzard. Induces early fruiting of sweet 

cherry scions compared to mazzard. Anchorage is poor, requiring tree 

support; small tree amenable to pot culture; exceptionally high yield 

efficiency, but heavy cropping can reduce fruit size; requires close 

management to retain good vigor and fruit size. Hypersensitive to 

pollen-borne viruses like Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Prune 

dwarf virus, and possibly others. Readily propagated by greenwood 

cuttings and micropropagation. Ungrafted tree is somewhat similar to 

Prunus fruticosa. 

Gisela ® 4.—Very dwarfing, precocious rootstock. Origin: at 



Marketing, Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus avium x 

Prunus fruticosa; tested as Gi 473-10. Plant: triploid, dwarfing 



cherry scions compared to mazzard. Hypersensitive to pollen-borne 

viruses like Prunus necrotic ringspot virus and Prune dwarf virus, and 

possibly others. Propagated by greenwood cuttings and one of the 

easiest stocks to propagate by microtechniques. Grafted trees are nonsuckering. 

Ungrafted tree is similar to Prunus fruticosa. 

Gisela ® 5.—Dwarfing, precocious rootstock. Origin: at Giessen, 

Germany, by W. Gruppe and H. Schmidt, Justus Liebig Univ. Introd. 

in 1996. USPP 9622; assigned to Interplant Patent Marketing, Inc., 

Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus cerasus Shattenmorelle x 

Prunus canescens; tested as Gi 148-2. Plant: triploid, dwarfing 



cherry scions compared to mazzard; wide-angled branching and 

greater lateral branching are induced in all scion cultivars. Nonsuckering 

and no known sensitivities to pollen-borne viruses. Ungrafted tree is 

similar to Prunus canescens. 

Gisela ® 6.—Semi-dwarfing to vigorous, precocious rootstock. 

Origin: at Giessen, Germany, by W. Gruppe and H. Schmidt, Justus 

Liebig Univ. Introd. in 1994. USPP 8954; assigned to Inter- plant 

Patent Marketing, Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus 

cerasus Shattenmorelle x Prunus canescens; tested as Gi 148-1. 

Plant: A triploid, semi-dwarfing to full-size rootstock for sweet and 

tart cherries; grafted mature tree size ranges from 60% to 95% 

compared to F12/1 Mazzard, depending on scion cultivar and orchard 

environment. Induces early fruiting of sweet cherry scions compared 

to mazzard; wide-angled branching and greater lateral branching are 


induced in all scion cultivars. Nonsuckering and no known sensitivities 

to pollen-borne viruses. Readily propagated by greenwood cuttings 

and in micropropagation. Ungrafted tree is similar to Prunus 

canescens. 

Gisela ® 7.—Semi-dwarfing, precocious rootstock. Origin: at 


Introd. in 1994. USPP 8852; assigned to Interplant Patent Marketing, 

Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus cerasus 

Shattenmorelle x Prunus canescens; tested as Gi 148-8. Plant: semidwarfing 

rootstock for sweet and tart cherries; grafted mature tree size 

is ≈50% to 65% compared to F12/1 Mazzard. Induces early fruiting of 

sweet cherry scions compared to mazzard; wide-angled branching and 

greater lateral branching are induced in all scion cultivars. Sensitive to 

the pollen-borne virus Prunus necrotic ringspot. Readily propagated 

by greenwood cuttings and in micropropagation. Grafted trees sucker 

moderately to profusely. Ungrafted tree is similar to Prunus canescens. 




Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus cerasus 

Shattenmorelle x Prunus canescens; tested as Gi 148-9. Plant A semidwarfing 

rootstock for sweet and tart cherries; grafted mature tree size 

is ≈50% to 65% compared to F12/1 Mazzard. Induces early fruiting of 

sweet cherry scions compared to mazzard; wide-angled branching and 

greater lateral branching are induced in all scion cultivars. Sensitive to 

the pollen-borne virus Prunus necrotic ringspot. Anchorage is not as 

strong as Gisela ® 6 or Gisela ® 7. Readily propagated by greenwood 

cuttings and in micropropagation. Grafted trees sucker moderately. 

Ungrafted tree is similar to Prunus canescens. 




Marketing, Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus fruticosa 

Klon 64 x Prunus cerasus Schattenmorelle; tested as Gi 173-9. Plant: 

triploid, dwarfing rootstock for sweet and tart cherries; grafted mature 

tree size is ≈60% to 70% compared to F12/1 Mazzard. Induces early 

fruiting of sweet cherry scions compared to mazzard; Montmorency 

fruiting is better on a per tree efficiency basis and begins sooner than 

trees on mahaleb. Hypersensitive to pollen-borne viruses like Prunus 

necrotic ringspot virus and Prune dwarf virus, and possibly others. 

Readily propagated by greenwood cuttings and in micropropagation. 

Grafted trees are quite adaptable to different soil types; sucker profusely; 

winter injury to roots and ground level crown area severe in 

some climates. 




Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus canescens x Prunus 

cerasus Leitzkauer; tested as Gi 195-1. Plant: triploid, semi-dwarfing 


to 75% compared to F12/1 Mazzard. Induces fruiting of sweet cherry 

scions earlier than mazzard; Montmorency fruiting begins earlier than 

trees on mahaleb. Hypersensitive to Prune dwarf virus and sensitive to 

Prunus necrotic ringspot virus. Susceptible to crown rot (Phytophthora 

cactorum) but less so than common mahaleb stocks used in the U.S. 

Readily propagated by greenwood cuttings and in micropropagation. 

Ungrafted tree is similar to Prunus canescens. 




Inc., Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ont., Canada. Prunus canescens x Prunus 

cerasus Leitzkauer; tested as Gi 195-2. Plant: triploid, semi-dwarfing 


to 80% compared to F12/1 Mazzard. Induces fruiting of sweet cherry 

scions earlier than mazzard; Montmorency fruiting begins earlier than 

trees on mahaleb. Nonsuckering and no known sensitivities to pollenborne 

viruses. Readily propagated by greenwood cuttings and in 

micropropagation. Ungrafted tree is similar to Prunus canescens. 

255

256 

CURRANT 

Kim E. Hummer 

USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository 


Ben Gairn.—Early ripening, reversion-resistant black currant. 

Origin: developed in Scotland by Rex Brennan of the Scottish Crop 

Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee. Ben Alder x Golubka. 

Tested as F4/1/67; introduced in 1997. Plant variety rights in Europe 

are held by SmithKline Beecham Plc. Fruit: quality is good for juice 

although vitamin C content is lower than in some black currants. Berry 

size is fairly large. Plant: growth habit is compact and flowering is 

early, ≈7 days before Ben Lomond. May risk frost damage in some 

years. Harvest is 8–10 days before Ben Lomond. Resistant to foliar 

diseases. 

Ben Hope.—Gall mite-resistant black currant. Origin: developed 

in Scotland by Rex Brennan of the Scottish Crop Research Institute, 

Invergowrie, Dundee. Complex cross between [Westra x (238/36 x 

EM21/15)] Introduced in 1997. Tested as C1/9/10. Plant variety rights 

in Europe are held by SmithKline Beecham Plc. Fruit: medium-sized 

berries. Yields are consistently high. The fruit is acceptable for 

commercial juicing and has good sensory quality. Plant: very vigorous, 

upright-growth with resistance to black currant gall mite. Resistance 

is based on the Ce gene from gooseberries. May be suitable for 

low-input growing systems. Flowers two days after, and is harvested 

as much as ten days later, than Ben Lomond. Has resistance to powdery 

mildew (Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and leaf spot (Drepanopeziza 

ribis). 

Tiben.—Midseason black currant for mechanical harvesting. Origin: 

developed in Poland by Stanislaw Pluta and Edward Zurawicz of 

the Fruit Breeding Dept., Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 

Skierniewice. Titania x Ben Nevis. Cross made in 1987; selected 

in 1993; tested as PC-78 or 26C/8; introduced in 1996; registered in 

2000. Plant breeding rights in Poland. Fruit: medium-size on short 

and medium-long strigs, very firm with high acid, juice color and 

vitamin C content. Good for juice processing and concentrate. Plant: 

medium size with erect habit. Tends to spread under the weight of ripe 

fruit. Highly productive. Plants have adequate new basal growth. 

Flowers and ripens in midseason, similar to Ben Lomond. Winter 

hardy. Recommended for mechanical harvest. Resistant to powdery 

mildew (S. mors-uvae), but susceptible to leaf spot (D. ribis), white 

pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and black currant gall mite 

(Cecidophyopsis ribis). 

Tisel.—Early ripening black currant for fresh and commercial 

markets. Origin: developed in Poland by Stanislaw Pluta and Edward 

Zurawicz of the Fruit Breeding Department, Research Institute of 

Pomology and Floriculture, Skierniewice. Titania x self pollinated. 

Cross made in 1987; selected in 1993; tested as PC-84 or 30B/1; 

introduced in 1996; registered in 2000. Plant breeding rights in Poland. 

Fruit: medium-size to large, on medium to long strigs. Good taste with 

high sugar, low acid, middle to high juice color and high vitamin C 

content. High productivity. Plant: vigorous, upright habit with a 

tendency to spread. Flowering and ripening seasons are 7–8 days 

earlier than those of Ben Lomond. Winter hardy. Resistant to powdery 

mildew (S. mor-uva); highly resistant to white pine blister rust, C. 

ribicola, and moderately susceptible to leaf spot (D. ribis) but susceptible 

to gall mite (C. ribis). 

GRAPE 

John R. Clark 

Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville 

Diamond Muscat.—An early-season, white, seedless raisin grape. 

Origin: developed by David Ramming and Ronald Tarailo, USDA 

Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Fresno, Calif. A- 13-2 x B2- 

11; cross made in 1985; sel. in 1989; tested as C96-54; introd. in 2000; 

not patented. Fruit: white; medium, 1.8-2.2 g; oval; ripens with or 

slightly ahead of Fiesta; sweet with a pleasant, fruity, muscat flavor 

that remains when the fruit is dried; sugar content 22%; skin mediumthick 

and adheres to flesh; berries contain one to two aborted seeds 


which are small and rarely noticeable; raisin quality similar to Fiesta; 

can be dried on the vine following cane cutting or harvested for drying 

in trays. Cluster: medium to large, 250–350 g; conical with shoulder; 

well-filled to slightly loose. Vine: very productive, averaging 2.1 

clusters per shoot; a “T” trellis recommended to spread fruiting canes 

to allow more air circulation when drying fruit on cut canes. 

Kandiyohi.—A hardy, blue, seeded table grape. Origin: developed 

by Elmer Swenson, Osceola, Wis. Parentage not provided; tested as 

E.S. 414; introd. in 2000; not patented. Fruit: blue; round; large to very 

large; sugar content 20%; flavor is fruity, mild American; slipskin; 

skin; ripe 15 Sept. in central Minnesota. Cluster: medium to large (250 

g); blocky usually without a shoulder; medium to well-filled. Vine: 

hardy to –32 °C; medium vigor; healthy and disease resistant. 

La Crescent.—A midseason, white wine grape. Origin: developed 

by Peter Hemstad and James Luby, Univ. of Minn., Horticultural 

Research Center, Excelsior, Minn. St. Pepin x E.S. 6- 8-25 (V. riparia 

x Muscat Hamburg); cross made in 1988; sel. in 1992; tested as MN 

1166; introd. in 2001; USPPAF. Fruit: amber; small to medium, 

averaging 1.3 g; round; flavor fruity but not foxy; sugar content 

averages 24.5% and acid content averages 1.19% titratable acidity; pH 

averages 3.00; average harvest date 26 Sept. at Excelsior, Minn. Berry 

splitting and botrytis have not been observed even under wet conditions. 

Cluster: medium, averaging 87 g; slightly loose to loose and conical 

with shoulder. Vine: very cold hardy, trunks have survived –38 °C; 

low susceptibility to powdery mildew and black rot, moderate susceptibility 

to downy mildew (on the leaves) and foliar phylloxera; moderate 

vigor and yield. Wine is of excellent quality when finished in a 

semi-sweet style; apricot, citrus, and pineapple aromas with no herbaceous 

or labrusca aromas; golden yellow color; Germanic character 

reminiscent of Vignoles or Riesling. 

Louise Swenson.—A hardy, white wine grape. Origin: developed 

by Elmer Swenson, Osceola, Wis. E.S. 2-3-17 x Kay Gray; cross made 

in 1980; sel. in 1984; tested as E.S. 4-8-33; introd. in 2001; named after 

Mr. Swenson’s wife, Louise; not patented. Fruit: yellow-gold when 

fully ripe; round; 3 g; soluble solids rarely exceed 20% even under hot 

conditions and acidity moderate; ripens in early-mid September in St. 

Paul, Minn. Cluster: small-medium (70–130 g); slightly loose, with 

no shoulder; unlike its pollen parent Kay Gray the clusters hang free 

of the tendrils. Vine: hardy and reliable survival to –35 °C and 

observed at several sites in southern Minnesota and western Wisconsin 

and has suffered little winter injury at –40 °C; breaks bud relatively 

late in the spring relative to other interspecific hybrids; growth habit 

is trailing to semi-upright and a bilateral cordon trellis system works 

well with this cultivar; disease resistance is excellent with only a slight 

susceptibility to anthracnose; has shown some sensitivity to droughty 

conditions, so may benefit from irrigation on dry sandy soils in dry 

years; perfect flowers. Use is a wine grape as wine has been remarkable 

for consistency and repeatable quality from year to year. Wine aroma 

of honey and flowers and acidity is moderate and needs no reduction. 

Wine tends to be light in body and short on finish but extremely 

complementary in a blend with Prairie Star. The latter fills in the body 

and finish and produces an excellent balanced and complex dry table 

wine in a style reminiscent of a white Burgundy. 

Petite Jewel.—A hardy, red, early-ripening seedless table grape. 

Origin: developed by Elmer Swenson, Osceola, Wis. MN 78 x 

Canadice; sel. in 1984; tested as E.S. 3-20-36; introd. in 2000; not 

patented. Fruit: red; round; small; sugar content 21%; flavor is rich 

and spicy similar to Canadice; small seed remnants; very early, with 

harvest 5 Sept. in central Minnesota. Cluster: small to medium; conic 

with shoulder; well-filled. Vine: hardy to –35 °C; medium-high vigor; 

resistant to downy mildew and black rot. I addition to table grape use, 

it might be used for a blush wine also. 

Prairie Star.—A hardy, white wine grape. Origin: developed by 

Elmer Swenson, Osceola, Wis. E.S. 2-7-13 x E.S. 2-8-1; cross made 

in 1980; sel. in 1984; tested as E.S. 3-24-7; introd. in 2000; not 

patented. Fruit: yellow; round; 2.5 g; sugar content 21% to 22%; 

acidity moderate; flavor is fruity but not foxy;. harvest third week in 

September in St. Paul, Minn. Cluster: long, somewhat tight cluster 

with characteristic “bend” to one side; 120–240 g. Vine: winter hardy 

to –35 °C; original seedling had more than 50% bud survival after a 

midwinter low of –40 °C and in subsequent –40 °C winters survival has 


een good at some sites and less so at others; upright to semi-upright 

growth habit and shoots are prone to wind damage; adapted to low 

cordon with vertical shoot positioning; generally disease resistant with 

moderate susceptibility to black rot and anthracnose; perfect flowers. 

Use is a as a neutral, non-foxy wine grape; however, in some years can 

have a delicate floral nose. Wine has excellent body and finish and is 

a useful blending component to add these characteristics to thinner 

whites. Blends exceptionally well with Louise Swenson , which is why 

the two cultivars were released together. 

Selma Pete.—An early season, white seedless raisin grape. Origin: 

developed by David Ramming and Ronald Tarailo, USDA 

Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Fresno, Calif. C66-144 x 

DOVine; cross made in 1988; sel. in 1991; tested as C51-110; introd. 

in 2001; not patented. Fruit: white; medium, 2.0 g; ripens early, one 

week before DOVine and two weeks before Fiesta; sugar content 21% 

or higher; skin medium-thick and adheres to flesh; berries contain one 

to two aborted seeds which are small and rarely noticeable; raisin 

quality when dried on trays better than Thompson Seedless and Fiesta; 

can be dried on the vine following cane cutting and mechanically 

harvested, or harvested for drying in trays; not recommended for fresh 

fruit use due to potential development of astringent flavor. Cluster: 

medium; conical; well-filled. Vine: moderate vigor; productive, similar 

to Fiesta and more productive than DOVine or Thompson Seedless; 

a “T” trellis recommended to spread fruiting canes to allow more air 

circulation when drying fruit on cut canes; 4–5 canes should be 

retained at pruning. 

Sugrafourteen.—A red, seedless table grape. Origin: spontaneous 

mutation of Sugraone (Superior Seedless); discovered by Harry J. 

Newby, Jr., near Thermal, Calif., on 26 June 1991; evaluated and 

propagated by David W. Cain; USPP 11245; 29 Feb. 2000; assigned 

to Sun World International. Fruit: red; large, 5.2 g; obtuse ovate; 

ripens early, with Sugraone; sugar content 16% to 18%; low acid; 

flavor neutral to faint muscat when fully ripened; skin thick and 

adheres to flesh; berries contain average of 1.6 aborted seeds which are 

small and not noticeable when eaten; berry difficult to color unless 

exposed to sunlight. Cluster: large, 1201 g; cylindrical and conical; 

loosely compact. Vine: vigorous on its own roots; average productivity, 

yielding slightly less than Sugraone; requires cane pruning as basal 

buds are not sufficiently fruitful for commercial yields. 

Sugrafifteen.—A white, seedless table grape. Origin: developed 

by David Cain, Sun World International, Bakersfield, Calif.; Dawn 

Seedless x Flame Seedless; cross made in 1988, sel. in 1990 in Wasco, 

Kern Co. Calif. USPP 11727; 26 Dec. 2000; assigned to Sun World 

International. Fruit: white (yellow-green); large, 3.7–4.1 g, but up to 

7.6 g berry with girdling and gibberellic acid application; round to 

slightly ovate; ripens near Thompson Seedless; sugar content 21.0%; 

low acid; flavor neutral; medium skin thickness and adheres to flesh; 

very firm which are strongly attached to a well-lignified rachis; 

rudimentary seeds of ≈7.4 mg fresh weight. Cluster: large, 807 g; 

circular; dense. Vine: medium-vigor; very productive, up to 28 kg/ 

vine; can be pruned to two-bud spurs. 

Sugrasixteen.—A black, seedless, muscat-flavored table grape. 

Origin: developed by David Cain, Sun World International, Bakersfield, 

Calif.; Black Monukka x Sugrafive; cross made in 1988, sel. in 

1991 in Wasco, Kern Co. Calif. USPP 11749; 23 Jan. 2001; assigned 

to Sun World International. Fruit: black; medium, 3.2 g; ovate to 

obtuse-ovate; ripens ≈10 days before Thompson Seedless; sugar 

content 21.0%; low acid; strong, fruity, muscat flavor; thick skin and 

adheres to flesh; berries strongly attached to a well-lignified rachis; 

resistant to cracking; rudimentary seeds of ≈6.1 mg fresh weight. 

Cluster: large, 709 g; conical; very dense. Vine: medium-vigor; very 

productive, up to 28 kg/vine when spur pruned. 

Sugraeighteen.—A white, seedless, muscat-flavored table grape. 

Origin: developed by David Cain, Sun World International, Bakersfield, 

Calif.; Redglobe x 069-172 (Muscat Alexandria x Sugraone); 

cross made in 1990, sel. in 1992 in Wasco, Kern Co., Calif. USPP 

11820; 27 Mar. 2001; assigned to Sun World International. Fruit: 

white (green); medium to large, 5.4 g but can attain an average weight 

of 11.5 g with girdling and gibberellic acid application; round; ripens 

≈10 days after Thompson Seedless; sugar content 15.0%; very low 

acid; mild to musky muscat flavor, similar to Italia; thin skin and 


adheres to flesh; tendency to crack at stylar end in some years; 

rudimentary seeds of ≈2.9 mg dry weight. Cluster: large, 714 g; 

conical; medium-dense. Vine: vigorous; very productive, up to 28 kg/ 

vine when spur pruned. 

Summersweet.—A hardy, blue, early-ripening juice and table 

grape. Origin: developed by Elmer Swenson, Osceola, Wis. E.S.2-4- 

13 x E.S. 2-5-5; cross made in 1981; sel. in 1985; tested as E.S. 5-4- 

35; introd. in 2000; not patented. Fruit: dark blue; round; small to 

medium size; sugar content 20%; flavor is pleasant, mild American; 

juicy flesh; ripens very early, 5 Sept. in central Minnesota; hangs well 

on the vine. Cluster: small to medium; cylindrical to conic; well-filled 

to compact. Vine: hardy to –39 °C; low vigor; very resistant to downy 

mildew and black rot. 

Trollhaugen.—A hardy, blue, seedless table grape. Origin: developed 

by Elmer Swenson, Osceola, Wis. MN 78 x Venus; sel. in 

1985; tested as E.S. 3-24-7; released in 2000; not patented. Fruit: blue; 

round; small to medium size; sugar content 22%; flavor is fruity 

American but mild; seedless with soft seed remnants; medium skin; 

ripens 10 Sept. in central Minnesota. Cluster: small to medium; 

cylindrical, semi-loose. Vine: hardy to –38 °C; high vigor; resistant to 

downy mildew and black rot. 

NECTARINE 

Jerome L. Frecon 

Rutgers Cooperative Extension, New Brunswick, New Jersey 

Wayne B. Sherman 

Horticultural Science Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 

Arrington.—Yellow, non-melting fleshed nectarine. Origin: 

Fayetteville, Ark. J.N. Moore and J.R. Clark, Univ. Arkansas; Ark.178 

x Ark. 232; sel. in 1989; tested as Ark. 417; introd. in 2000 by J.R. 

Clark and J.N. Moore. USPPAF. Fruit: medium size (100 to 120 g); 

round; skin is 60% red over a golden-yellow ground; very firm flesh 

of orange-yellow color with no red; clingstone pit; very good flavor. 

Ripens 24 June at Clarksville, AR, 6 days before Redhaven peach. 

Tree: vigorous, semi- spreading, self-fertile, and very productive. 

High flower bud set. Leaves have small globose glands. Flowers are 

non-showy and pink. Leaves and fruit are slightly susceptible to 

bacterial spot. Chilling requirement is 750 chill units. (HortScience 

36:1164–1167). 

Bradley.—Yellow, non-melting fleshed nectarine. Origin: 

Fayetteville, Ark. by J.N. Moore, R.C. Rom, and J.R. Clark, Univ. of 

Arkansas; (Ark. 190 x Ark. 178) op; sel. in 1988; tested as Ark. 402; 

introd. in 2000 by J.R. Clark, J.N. Moore and R.C. Rom. USPPAF. 

Fruit: medium-large size (140 to 170 g); round; skin is 60% red over 

a golden-yellow ground; very firm flesh of orange-yellow color with 

no red; clingstone pit; good flavor, but with some processing peach 

component in the flavor profile. Ripens 29 June at Clarksville, Ark., 

near that of Redhaven peach. Tree: vigorous, semi-spreading, selffertile 

and productive. High flower bud set. Leaves have small reniform 

glands. Flowers are non-showy and pink. Leaves and fruit are 

resistant to bacterial spot. Chilling requirement is 750 chill units. 

(HortScience 36:1164–1167). 

Candy Gold.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone, nectarine. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford and N.G. Bradford. Red 

Glen (USPP 7193) x an unnamed white-fleshed nectarine. Introduced 

in 2000 as USPP 12705. Fruit: globose, uniform, symmetrical to 

slightly unsymmetrical, medium, very dark red to strong red over a 

very slight orange yellow. Flesh very firm, crisp, brilliant orangeyellow, 

clingstone. Flavor very good, sub-acid, sweet. Ripens in late 

July in LeGrand, Calif., with Red Glen. Tree: upright, large, vigorous, 

productive. Flowers large (47.6 mm), showy, pale purplish pink, selffertile. 

Leaf glands globose, opposite. 

Candy Sweet.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, very firm, clingstone 

nectarine. Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford and N.G. 

Bradford. Red Diamond (USPP 3165) x an unnamed yellow-fleshed 

nectarine. Introduced in 2000 as USPP 12702. Fruit: globose, uniform, 

symmetrical, large; very dark red over orange red with brilliant 

orange yellow where sun protected. Flesh very firm, crisp, brilliant 

yellow, clingstone. Flavor very good, sub-acid, sweet. Ripens in late 

257

June in LeGrand, Calif., with Red Diamond. Tree: upright, vigorous, 

large, productive. Flowers large (44.5 mm), showy, moderate pink, 

self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform, alternate, 

Crimson Pearl.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, very firm, clingstone 


Bradford. Open-pollinated seedling of an unnamed white- fleshed 

nectarine. Introduced in 2000 as USPP 12711. Fruit: Globose, slightly 

compressed, mostly symmetrical, uniformly large, very dark red over 

moderate red with a background of pale yellow. Flesh very firm, crisp, 

yellowish-white, clingstone. Flavor very good, sub-acid and very 

sweet, Ripens in early August in LeGrand, Calif., 2 weeks after Bright 

Pearl (USPP 12711). Tree: upright, vigorous, medium sized, productive. 

Flowers large (44.5 mm), showy, grayish purple pink, self-fertile. 

Leaf glands globose, some alternate and some opposite. 

Diamond June.—Yellow-fleshed, acidic, clingstone nectarine. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford. Diamond Ray (USPP 

8948) x an unnamed seedling. Introduced in 2001 as USPP 12968. 

Fruit: globose, uniform and medium, full dark red blush. Flesh firm, 

crisp, clingstone, yellow with a slight amount of deep red flecking 

around the pit cavity, acidic and sweet, very good flavor. Ripens in the 

third week of June in LeGrand, Calif., ≈16 days before Diamond Ray. 

Tree: spreading, medium, vigorous, productive. Flowers large (47.6 

mm), showy, light purplish pink, perfect, self-fertile. Leaf glands 

globose, alternate. 

Grand Candy.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone, nectarine. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford. Red Diamond (USPP 

8918) x unnamed seedling. Introduced in 2001 as USPP 12955. Fruit: 

Globose, uniform and large, 100% of surface covered with a dark red 

blush. Flesh; firm, crisp, clingstone, yellow, sub-acid and sweet, very 

good flavor. Ripens the third week of July in LeGrand, Calif., 12 days 

after Red Diamond. Tree: spreading, medium, vigorous, productive. 

Flowers large (47.6 mm), showy, pale purplish pink, self-fertile. Leaf 

glands globose, alternately positioned. 

Grand Sweet.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, very firm, clingstone 

nectarine. Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford. Red Glen 

(USPP 7193) x June Pearl (USPP 9360). Introduced in 2001 as USPP 

12954. Fruit: Globose, uniform, mostly symmetrical, medium sized; 

very dark red smoothly blending into deep red (almost 100%). Flesh 

very firm, crisp, brilliant yellow, clingstone. Flavor very good, subacid, 

very sweet. Ripens in late July in LeGrand, Calif., 10 days after 

Red Glen. Tree: Upright, medium sized, vigorous, productive. Flowers 

large (47.6 mm), showy, pale purplish pink, self-fertile. Leaf 

glands reniform, alternately positioned. 

Honey Royale.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, freestone nectarine. 

Origin: Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. Zaiger, L.M. Gardner 

and G.G. Zaiger. Seedling 77GF213 nectarine x Honey Kist nectarine 

(USPP 9333). Introduced in 2001 as USPP 12008. Fruit: Near 

globose, slightly elongated, large, almost 3 inches in diameter; yellow 

to golden yellow ground color overspread with currant red to Turkish 

red. Flesh firm, meaty, sub-acid moderately sweet, freestone with 

excellent flavor. Ripens during the second week of July in Modesto, 

Calif., 25 days after Honey Kist. Tree: upright, large, vigorous, 

productive. Flowers large, showy, pink to light pink, self-fertile. Leaf 

glands nearly orbicular and alternately positioned. 

June Candy.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone nectarine. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford, Unnamed white-fleshed 

nectarines x Ruby Diamond (USPP 7918). Introduced in 2001 as 

USPP 12950. Fruit: globose, uniform, symmetrical, large; very dark 

red blending into moderate red orange with brilliant orange yellow 

ground color. Flesh very firm, crisp, brilliant orange yellow with some 

dark red toward skin, clingstone. Flavor excellent, sub-acid, sweet. 

Ripens in late June to early July in LeGrand, Calif., 7 days before 

Spring Sweet. Tree: upright, medium, vigorous, productive. Flowers 

large (47.6 mm), showy, light purplish pink, self fertile. Leaf glands 

reniform, alternately positioned. 

Prima Diamond 19.—Yellow-fleshed, early midseason, clingstone 

nectarine. Origin: Reedley, Calif., by M.R. Gerawan; openpollinated 

seedling. Introduced in 2001 as USPP 12011. Fruit: slightly 

oblong, mostly symmetrical, generally large and uniform, 40% to 80% 

red overlay blush, with yellow ground color. Flesh: firm, crisp, golden 

yellow, some red streaks, clingstone. Flavor good, sweet, slightly 

258 


acidic. Ripens in early to mid July in Sanger, Calif., 2 days later than 

Summer Fire. Tree: upright to upright spreading, vigorous, generally 

large, very productive. Flowers large, showy, pink, self fertile. Leaf 

glands reniform, opposite. Brown rot tolerance low when compared to 

Summer Fire and July Red. 

Regal Pearl.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, late-season, clingstone 


Bradford. Red Glen (USPP 7193) x unnamed white-fleshed seedling. 

Introduced in 2000 as USPP 12695. Fruit: globose, slightly compressed, 

uniform, symmetrical, medium in size; dark red mottled over 

moderate red with considerable pale, orange- yellow. Flesh firm, crisp, 

yellowish–white. Flavor very good, sub-acid and sweet. Ripens in mid 

to late August in LeGrand, Calif., 2 weeks after Fire Pearl (USPP 

9358). Tree: upright, vigorous, large, productive. Flowers large (44.5 

mm), showy, pale pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform, opposite. 

Ruby Bright.—Yellow-fleshed, acidic, clingstone, nectarine. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford. Red Glen (USPP 7193) x 

Spring Bright (USPP 7507). Introduced in 2001 as USPP 12952. 

Fruit: globose, uniform and large, 100% of surface colored with a dark 

red blush. Flesh firm, crisp, clingstone, yellow with some red flecking 

around the pit cavity, acidic, sweet, excellent flavor. Ripens in about 

the second week of July in LeGrand, Calif., 22 days after Red Glen. 

Tree: upright, medium sized, vigorous. Flowers large (47.6 mm), 

showy, pale purplish pink, perfect, self fertile. Leaf glands reniform, 

alternately positioned. 

Sunbest.—Yellow, melting fleshed low-chill nectarine. Origin: 

Gainesville, Fla., by W. Sherman, Univ. of Florida. Sel. in 1994, tested 

as Fla. 94-15N and introd. in 2000. Sunraycer x Suncoast. USPPAF; 

assigned to Florida Foundation Seed Prod., Inc. Fruit: medium large 

(120–140 g), oval; skin is near 100% fire red over bright yellow 

ground; firm flesh with semi-freestone pit and no red at pit. Ripens 

mid-May, 3 days before Sunraycer nectarine at Gainesville. Tree: 

medium large with nodes closer than in most varieties, semi-upright, 

self-fertile, and highly productive. High flower bud set. Leaf glands 

reniform. Flowers non-showy; pink. Leaves are resistant to bacterial 

spot. Chilling requirement is 225 chill units. 

UFQueen.—Yellow, non-melting flesh low-chill nectarine. Origin: 

Gainesville, Fla., by W. Sherman, Univ. of Florida. Sel. in 1994, tested 

as Fla. 94-28CN and introd. in 1999. Complex parentage in publication. 

USPP 11587; assigned to Florida Foundation Seed Prod., Inc. 

Fruit: medium (110–125 g), oval; skin is 80% to 100% red over bright 

yellow ground; very firm flesh with clingstone pit. Ripens 1 week after 

Sunraycer nectarine at Gainesville. Tree: medium large, semi upright, 

self-fertile, and productive. Leaf glands are small and reniform. 

Flowers are non-showy and pink. Chilling requirement is 250 chill 

units. (Fruit Var. J. 53:126-127). 

Westbrook.—Yellow, melting flesh. Origin: Fayetteville, Ark. 

by J.N. Moore, R.C. Rom and J.R. Clark, Univ. Arkansas; Ark. 172 x 

Ark. 176; sel. in 1980, tested as Ark. 236; introd. in 2000 by J.R. Clark, 

J.N. Moore and R.C. Rom. USPPAF. Fruit: medium size (100–110 g); 

round; skin is 80% red over a yellow ground; skin is thin and has 

observed to break down at full maturity in rainy conditions; melting 

flesh that is medium-firm, yellow color with some red; clingstone pit; 

very good flavor for very early ripening. Ripens 9 June at Clarksville, 

Ark., ≈20 days before Redhaven peach. Tree: vigorous, semi-spreading, 

self-fertile, and very productive. High flower bud set. Leaves have 

small reniform glands. Flowers are non-showy and pink; blooms 5–6 

days later than comparison cultivars. Leaves and fruit are resistant to 

bacterial spot. Chilling requirement is 750 chill units. (HortScience 

36:1164–1167). 

PEACH 

Jerome L. Frecon 

Rutgers Cooperative Extension, New Brunswick, New Jersey 

Wayne B. Sherman 

Horticultural Science Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville 

Coral Princess.—White-fleshed, clingstone, sub-acid peach. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford and N.G. Bradford. Diamond 

Ray (USPP 8948) x unnamed white-fleshed seedling. Introduced 

in 2000 as USPP 12199. Fruit: globose, uniform and large; dark 


ed over a light yellowish pink color. Flesh firm, crisp, clingstone, 

yellowish-white. Flavor sub-acid and sweet, very good. Ripens during 

the first week of July in LeGrand, Calif., or with Diamond Ray. Tree: 

spreading, large, vigorous and productive. Flowers large (44.5 mm), 

showy, pale pink and self fertile. Leaf glands reniform, opposite, 

Earlitreat.—Yellow-fleshed, low chilling, clingstone peach. Origin: 

Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, and 

G.G. Zaiger. Selected seedling 12ED34 x Sweet Gem (USPP 4064). 

Introduced in 1997 as USPP 9842. Fruit: globose, medium, Light 

yellow to yellow ground color with red blush to lake red. Flesh firm, 

yellow to butter yellow, clingstone. Flavor good, mild, Ripens in early 

May in Modesto, Calif., 14 days before May Crest. Tree: upright, 

vigorous, large, productive. Flowers large, showy, pink, self-fertile. 

Leaf glands reniform. Chilling requirement of ≈300 h. 

Golden Princess.—Yellow-fleshed, clingstone, sub-acidic peach. 

Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford. Crown Princess (USPP 

7070) x unnamed white-fleshed seedling. Introduced in 2001 as USPP 

12974. Fruit: globose, uniform and large, dark red blush over orange 

reddish color. Flesh firm, crisp, clingstone, orange-yellow with some 

dark red. Flavor sub-acidic, sweet, very good. Ripens during the first 

week of August in LeGrand, Calif., 60 days after Crown Princess. 

Tree: upright, medium sized, vigorous. Flowers large (44.5 mm), 

showy, light purplish pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform, alternate. 

GoldJim.—Yellow, non-melting flesh for processing. Origin: 

Fayetteville, Ark. by R.C. Rom, and J.N. Moore, Univ. Arkansas; Ark. 

24 x NJC 70; sel. in 1977; tested as Ark. 219; introd. in 2000 by J.R. 

Clark, R.C. Rom, and J.N. Moore. Not patented. Fruit: medium size 

(130–150 g); round; skin is 45% red over a golden-yellow ground with 

some stripes; very firm flesh of orange-yellow color with red in flesh 

common in Arkansas but not in Michigan; clingstone pit; very good 

processing quality. Ripens 17 days after Allgold, with Goldilocks and 

2 days before Babygold 5 at Clarksville, Ark. Tree: vigorous, semispreading, 

self-fertile, and very productive. High flower bud set. 

Leaves have small globose glands. Flowers are non-showy and pink. 

Leaves and fruit are resistant to bacterial spot. Chilling requirement is 

≈750 chill units. (HortScience 36:1168-1170). 

Goldnine.—Yellow, non-melting fleshed peach for processing. 

Origin: Fayetteville, Ark. by J.N. Moore and R.C. Rom, Univ. 

Arkansas; NJ 554367 x G17-5E; sel. in 1966; tested as Ark. 9 (and sold 

commercially with this designation prior to 2000); introd. in 2000 by 

J.R. Clark, J.N. Moore, and R.C. Rom. Not patented. Fruit: large size 

(180–110 g); round; skin is 40% red over a golden-yellow ground 

with stripes; very firm flesh of orange-yellow color with no red; 

clingstone pit; very good processing quality. Ripens 10 days after 

Allgold, 7 days before Goldilocks, and 10 days before Babygold 5 at 

Clarksville, Ark. Tree: vigorous, semi-spreading, self-fertile, and 

very productive. High flower bud set and very bud hardy with high 

bud survival at –26 °C. Leaves have small reniform glands. Flowers 

are showy and pink and blooms 2–3 days later than comparison 

cultivars. Leaves and fruit are resistant to bacterial spot. Chilling 

requirement is 750 chill units although Goldnine has been observed to 

fruit reliably in Chihuahua, Mexico with estimated chill of 500 chill 

units. (HortScience 36:808–810). 

Gulfprince.—Yellow, non-melting fleshed peach for fresh market. 

Origin: Gainesville, Fla., by W. Sherman, Univ. of Florida; 

Aztecgold x Oro A; sel. in 1993, tested as Fla. 93-14C, and introd. in 

1999 by W. Sherman, T. Beckman, and G. Krewer. USPPAF, assigned 

to Florida Foundation Seed Prod., Inc. Fruit: large size (140–160 g), 

symmetrical; skin is 50% red (with no stripes) over a deep yellow 

ground; very firm flesh with some red in the flesh, a clingstone pit, and 

no red at pit. Ripens 7 days after June Gold at Attapulgus, Ga. Tree: 

very vigorous, semi-spreading, self-fertile, and highly productive. 

High flower bud set. Leaves have small reniform glands. Flowers are 

showy and pink. Leaves are resistant to bacterial spot. Chilling 

requirement is 400 chill units. (J. Amer. Pom. Soc. 54:82–83). 

Island Prince.—Yellow-fleshed, clingstone peach ripening in the 

very early season. Origin: Kingsburg, Calif., by A.R. Asdoorian and 

L.A. Asdoorian. Bud sport of Island King (USPP 9199). Introduced in 

2001 as USPP 12102. Fruit: uniform, symmetrical, oval to globose, 

medium large sized, color peony to Burmese ruby with up to 50% 


sunset ground color. Flesh firm, jonquil yellow, clingstone. Flavor 

very good to excellent, ripening in early to mid May in Kingsburg, 

Calif., 10–14 days before Island King. Tree: upright spreading, 

moderate vigor, medium, productive. Flowers medium to large, showy, 

light pink. Leaf glands reniform, alternate. 

Ivory Princess.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone peach ripening 

in the early season. Origin: LeGrand, Calif., by L.G. Bradford 

and N.G Bradford. Crown Princess (USPP 7070) x June Pearl (USPP 

9360) Introd. in 2000 as USPP 12205. Fruit: globose, uniform, 

symmetrical, and medium; very red blending into a dark pink. Flesh 

firm, crisp, clingstone, yellowish-white. Flavor very good, sub-acid 

and sweet. Ripens in early June in LeGrand, Calif., with Crown 

Princess and seven days before June Pearl. Tree: upright, medium 

sized, vigorous, productive. Flowers large (50.8 mm), showy, pale 

purplish pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform, alternate few opposite. 

Kingsburg Cling.—Yellow-fleshed clingstone canning peach. 

Origin: Kingsburg, Calif., by M. Schnitzler. A budsport of Dr. Davis. 

Introd. in 2001 as USPP 12739. Fruit: globular, uniform, large; red 

covers 50% of skin. Flesh firm, non-melting, clingstone, yelloworange; 

ripens mid-July in Kingsburg, Calif., 2 weeks before Dr. 

Davis. Flavor good, mild. Tree: upright, medium to large, vigorous, 

productive. Flowers small, non-showy, red pink, self-fertile. Leaf 

glands reniform. 

LaBelle.—Yellow, melting fleshed peach. Origin: Baton Rouge, 

La., by C.E. Johnson et al., Louisiana State Univ.; Dixieland x L63-17- 

13 (complex pedigree); tested as L73-A20-17 and introd. in 2001. 

Fruit: large size (175–200 g), freestone, skin is 70% over yellow 

ground. Ripens early July, 5 days before Dixiland at Clinton, La. Tree: 

vigorous and productive. Leaves have 2–4 small reniform leaf glands. 

Flowers are showy and self-fertile. Chilling requirement is 600 h. 

LaRouge.—Yellow, melting fleshed peach. Origin: Baton Rouge, 

La., by C. E. Johnson, et al., Louisiana State Univ.; L9-10-40 op 

[=Redglobe x L221 (=Sunhigh op)] ; tested as L1-27-13 and introd. in 

2001. Fruit: large size (175–200 g), skin is 70% red over yellow 

ground; freestone with red near pit. Ripens first week in July, 5 days 

after LaFeliciana at Clinton, La. Tree: vigorous and productive. 

Leaves have 2–4 small reniform leaf glands. Flowers are showy and 

self-fertile. Chilling requirement is 600 h. 

LaSweet.—White, sub-acid, melting fleshed peach. Origin: Baton 

Rouge, La., by C.E. Johnson et al., Louisiana State Univ.; Wildrose 

x L3-109-90 [=L221 op (=Sunhigh op)]; tested as L9-54-13W and 

introd. in 2001. Fruit: large size (150–175 g) oval; with 70% red; firm 

freestone with red near pit. Ripens early June, 17 days before LaFeliciana 

at Clinton, La. Tree: vigorous and productive. Leaves have 4–6 large 

reniform leaf glands. Flowers showy, pink, and self-fertile. Chilling 

requirement is 600 h. 

Moon Light.—Early season, white-fleshed, clingstone peach. 

Origin: Seomyun, Yunkikun, Chungman, Republic of Korea, by J.K. 

Lim and S.J. Im. An open-pollinated seedling of the variety Yumyeong. 

Introduced in 2001 as USPP 12043. Fruit: globose with slight tip at the 

apex, extra large (8–11.5 cm), red skin. Flesh very firm, white, 

clingstone. Flavor excellent, mild, acidic sweet. Ripens in mid-August 

at point of origin 20 days before Yumyeong or 90–100 days after 

bloom. Tree: Spreading, large, vigorous and productive. Flowers 

medium size, non-showy, starts with white and changes to red, selffertile. 

Leaf glands reniform. 

Roygold.—Yellow, non-melting peach for processing. Origin: 

Fayetteville, Ark., by J.N. Moore and J.R. Clark, Univ. Arkansas. 

GoldJim x Ark. 310; sel. in 1993; tested as Ark. 560; introd. in 2000 

by J.R. Clark and J.N. Moore. Not patented. Fruit: medium-large size 

(150–110 g); round; skin is 60% red over a golden-yellow ground; very 

firm flesh of orange-yellow color with no red; clingstone pit; expected 

to have very good processing quality. Ripens 9 days before Allgold, 24 

days before Goldilocks and 27 days before Babygold 5 at Clarksville, 

Ark. Tree: vigorous, semi-spreading, self-fertile, and productive. 

High flower bud set. Flowers are showy and pink. Leaves and fruit are 

resistant to bacterial spot. Chilling requirement is 750 chill units. 

(HortScience 36:1334–1335). 

Snow Gem.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, freestone peach. Origin: 

Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, and G.G. 

259

Zaiger. Selected seedling 102ED609 x selected seedling 105ED275. 

Introd. in 2000 as USPP 12435. Fruit: nearly globose slightly flattened 

at base, large almost 3 inches in diameter; yellowish-white to 

cream, partially overspread with red to Turkish red. Flesh firm, white 

to pinkish white, freestone. Flavor excellent, moderate, mild, sweet. 

Ripens in late August in Modesto, Calif., 18 days after O’Henry. Tree: 

upright, large, vigorous, productive. Flowers large, showy, pink to 

light pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform. 

Snowfall.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, freestone peach. Origin: 

Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, and G.G. 

Zaiger. Selected seedling 103ED581 x selected seedling 258LC157. 

Introd. in 2000 as USPP 12568. Fruit: globose, very large (3–3 1/8 

inch), white to pinkish white, light to light red blush. Flesh firm, white 

to very light amount of pinkish white; Bordeaux red around pit with 

light amount of bleeding; freestone; ripening in early September, 7–10 

days after September Snow. Tree: upright, large, vigorous, productive. 

Flowers large, showy, pink to light pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands 

reniform. Chilling requirement ≈800–1000 h. 

Sprinter.—White-fleshed, very firm, clingstone peach. Origin: 

Seomyun, Yunkikun, Chungman, Republic of Korea, by J.K. Lim and 

S.J. Im. A open-pollinated seedling of the variety Weolme. Introd. in 

2001 as USPP 12021. Fruit: globose with slight tip at apex; extra large 

(8–12 cm); pink overspread with light yellow. Flesh very firm, white 

to milky white, clingstone. Flavor excellent, mild and very sweet. 

Ripens in late July at point of origin, ≈30 days before Yumyeong, or 

80–90 days after full bloom. Tree: spreading, large, vigorous and 

productive. Flowers, medium, non-showy, pale pink and self-fertile. 

Leaf glands reniform. 

Star Light.—White-fleshed, very firm, freestone peach. Origin: 

Seomyun, Yunkikun, Chungman, Republic of Korea, by J.K. Lim and 

S.J. Im. A open-pollinated seedling of the variety Daigubo. Introd. in 

2001 as USPP 12024. Fruit: globose with slight tip on apex, extra 

large (8–12 cm); pink overspread with a light yellow. Flesh very firm, 

white to milky white, freestone. Flavor excellent, mild, and moderately 

aromatic. Ripens in late August at origin location ≈15–20 days 

after Daigubo. Tree: spreading, large, vigorous, and productive. 

Flowers medium, non-showy, pink and self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform. 

Sugar Time.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone peach ripening 

in the early season. Origin: Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. 

Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, and G.G. Zaiger. Selected seedling 45GA424 

x selected seedling 7.5HB605. Introd. in 2001 as USPP 12046. Fruit: 

nearly globose, flattened at apex and base, medium large, mellow 

yellow ground color overspread with deep red to Bordeaux red over 

most of the surface. Flesh firm, butter yellow to sunflower yellow, 

clingstone. Flavor excellent, moderate, mild, sweet, sub-acid. Ripens 

in late June to early July in Modesto, Calif., 16 days after Sweet Gem. 

Tree: upright, large, vigorous, productive. Flowers large, showy, pink 

to light pink. Leaf glands reniform. No special disease characteristics 

noted. Chilling requirement ≈800 h. 

Sunlit Snow.—White-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone peach ripening 

in the very early season. Origin: Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, 

G.N. Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, and G.G. Zaiger. Selected seedling 

36EB86 x selected seedling 5GE8. Introd. in 2000 as USPP 11553. 

Fruit: globose, medium to large, white to yellowish ground color 

nearly overspread with red to madder red. Flesh firm, white to pale 

greenish white near pit cavity, clingstone. Flavor very good, mild, 

sweet. Ripens in mid- to late May in Modesto, Calif., 18 days before 

Sugar May. Tree: upright, large, vigorous, productive. Flowers large, 

showy, link to light pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform. 

Supechix.—Yellow-orange-fleshed, clingstone peach ripening in 

the very early season. Origin: Bakersfield, Calif., by C.D. Fear, B.D. 

Mowrey, and D.W. Cain. Assigned to Sun World International, Inc. 

Bakersfield, Calif. Flordaprince x Queencrest (USPP 6025). Introduced 

in 2000 as USPP 12631. Fruit: globose, uniform, small, yellow 

ground color covered with 70% to 100% red color. Flesh firm, yellow 

orange around the pit cavity to yellow, clingstone. Flavor fair to good, 

melting, aromatic and delicate. Ripens in late April to early May in 

Kern County, Calif. Tree: semi-upright, medium large, productive for 

an early season peach. Flowers large, showy, red purple. Leaf glands 

medium and ovoid. 

260 


Sweet Alice.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, clingstone peach ripening 

in the early season. Origin: Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. 

Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, and G.G. Zaiger. Open-pollinated seedling of 

two selections 3H192 x 104LB628. Introduced in 2001 as USPP 

12083. Fruit: nearly globose, medium sized, sunflower yellow to 

golden yellow ground color, partially overspread with light red to 

madder red. Flesh firm, butter yellow to maize yellow, clingstone. 

Flavor very good, sub-acid, sweet. Ripens in late May in Modesto, 

Calif., 20 days before Sweet Gem. Tree: upright, large, vigorous, 

productive. Flowers large, showy, pink to light pink, self-fertile. Leaf 

glands reniform. Chilling requirement of ≈700–900 h. 

Sweet Blaze.—Yellow-fleshed, sub-acid, semi-freestone peach. 

Origin: Modesto, Calif., by C.F. Zaiger, G.N. Zaiger, L.M. Gardner, 

and G.G. Zaiger. Selected seedling 39EB706 x selected seedling 

34GA1155. Introd. in 2000 as USPP 12630. Fruit: globose, large; 

yellow to vivid yellow ground color overspread with red to garnet red. 

Flesh firm, yellow to dark yellow with slight amount of red around pit 

cavity bleeding into flesh; semi-freestone. Flavor good, mild, sweet 

sub-acid. Ripens in mid June to late June in Modesto, Calif., 18 days 

after Sweet Scarlet. Tree: upright, large, vigorous, productive. Flowers 

large, showy, pink to light pink, self-fertile. Leaf glands reniform. 

Chilling requirement of ≈900 h. 

UFDelight.—see UF2000 (Used in Australia). 

UF2000 (UFDelight).—Yellow, low-chill, non-melting fleshed 

peach. Origin: Gainesville, Fla., by W. Sherman, Univ. of Florida; 

Aztecgold x Oro A; sel. in 1992, tested as Fla. 92-15C, and introd. in 

1999; USPP 12019; assigned to Florida Foundation Seed Prod., Inc. 

Fruit: medium large (130–150 g), round; skin is 50% red over yellow 

ground; very firm flesh with clingstone pit and no red at pit. Ripens in 

late May, or about the same time as Flordagold at Gainesville. Tree: 

vigorous, spreading, highly productive. High flower bud set. Leaves 

resistant to rust and bacterial spot. Leaf glands are small, reniform. 

Flowers are showy and pink. Chilling requirement is 300 chill units. (J. 

Amer. Pom. Soc. 54:48). 

UFO.—Yellow, non-melting flesh, peento peach. Origin: 

Gainesville, Fla., by W. Sherman, Univ. of Florida. Fla. 95-10PC 

(=complex parentage) op; sel. in 1997, tested as Fla. 98-7PC, and 

introd. in 2001; USPPAF; assigned to Florida Foundation Seed Prod., 

Inc. Fruit: medium size (60–80 g), flat oval; skin is 50% attractive red 

with darker red stripes over deep yellow ground; very firm flesh with 

clingstone pit and no red at pit. Ripens 5–7 days after Flordaglo peach 

at Gainesville. Tree: very vigorous, semi-upright, self-fertile, and 

productive. There are 4–6 large reniform leaf glands. Flowers are nonshowy 

and pink. Leaves are resistant to bacterial spot. Chilling 

requirement is 250 chill units. (J. Amer. Pom. Soc. 55:2–3). 

PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Joseph D. Postman 

USDA/ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository 


Blake’s Pride.—A fire blight resistant, midseason Pyrus communis 

cultivar. Origin: released in 1998 by R.L. Bell and T. van der Zwet, 

USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, W.Va., and 

R.C. Blake, USDA/ARS, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development 

Center (OARDC), Wooster, Ohio. A cross of US 446 x US 505 

made in 1965 by H.J. Brooks. Selected in 1977 at OARDC, Wooster, 

Ohio, by R.C. Blake and T. van der Zwet and evaluated as OHUS 

66131-021. Only Pyrus communis background with fire blight resistance 

from Seckel. Fruit: moderate size, symmetrical, pyriform to 

round-pyriform, 66 mm diameter, 80 mm height with short upright 

stem; skin yellow, glossy, ≈25% covered with smooth, tan russet; 

matures 3 weeks after Bartlett, ≈11 Sept. in Kearneysville; stores 3 

months in common storage; flesh moderately fine buttery texture, 

juicy, with small grit cells at core and beneath skin; flavor subacid, and 

aromatic, more like Comice than Bartlett. Tree: upright-spreading, 

moderate vigor on Bartlett seedling rootstock. Moderate to high yield, 

precocious. Fruit borne on both spurs and terminal blossoms of lateral 

shoots. Fire blight resistance greater than Seckel; blossoms exhibit 

moderate resistance following artificial inoculations. Moderate field 


esistance to pear scab; susceptible to powdery mildew and Fabraea 

leaf spot. Blooms 1–4 days before Bartlett; self-incompatible, but 

Bartlett, Beurre Bosc, Harrow Delight, and Packham’s Triumph are 

suitable pollinizers. Named in memory of Roland C. Blake. 

Perry Pears 

A number of English perry pear cultivars were imported to the 

United States from the Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol, England, 

by Porter Lombard at Oregon State Univ. in the early 1980s. 

Perry cultivars are generally high in tannins and are too astringent for 

fresh eating. They are primarily useful for producing the fermented 

beverage ‘perry.’ Of more than 100 English perry cultivars, a dozen or 

so were selected by Lombard for their superior milling and production 

qualities as reported by Long Ashton. Perry cultivars are derived from 

the snow pear, Pyrus nivalis Jacq. and from the wild relatives of Pyrus 

communis L. native to central Europe, and were almost certainly 

introduced to England from France following the Norman conquest in 

11th century. During the last several years there has been increased 

interest in alternative fermented drinks such as hard-cider and perry in 

North America, and small perry pear orchards are now coming into 

trial production at several places on this continent. Virus-tested 

germplasm of the following cultivars is available in the United States. 

Barland.—An early-midseason perry pear with high acids and 

tannins. Origin: traditional English cultivar, grown since before 1674. 

The original tree grew in the parish of Bosbury, Hereford, England, 

and was estimated to be 200 years old in 1830. Fruit: small, turbinate 

or round, 31–52 mm long, 38–51 mm diameter; stem slender, 25–32 

mm, often fleshy where attached to fruit; no stem basin or calyx basin; 

calyx open. Skin dull green or yellow with gray russet at stem and calyx 

ends, lenticels numerous but inconspicuous. Flesh has some stone 

cells around core. Ripens late, September to early October in England’s 

West Midlands, late September in western Oregon. Tree: long lived, 

becoming large and tall; possibly a triploid; precocious bearing; the 

flowers are said to have a more pleasant fragrance than most pears; 

fruit scab may be severe. Perry: fruit milled up to 3 days after harvest; 

juice acidity 0.92, tannins 0.26, specific gravity 1.058 for fruit from old 

trees, lower from young trees; produces a high acid, moderate tannin, 

fruity vintage of moderate quality. Barland perry has been reputed since 

the 17th century to have medicinal value in treating kidney disorders. 

Barnet.—An early-midseason scab-resistant perry pear with low 

acids and tannins. Origin: grown south of Gloucester, England in the 

1800s; propagated and distributed by Long Ashton Research Station, 

Bristol, England in the early 1900s. Fruit: small, turbinate to elliptical, 

43–57 mm long, 38–51 mm diameter; stem stiff, 28–35 mm; no stem 

basin, shallow calyx basin. Skin green to yellow-green flushed with 

orange-red and covered with russet; lenticels inconspicuous. Flesh has 

few stone cells around core, often only four carpels. Ripens early 

October in England’s West Midlands, late September in western 

Oregon; easily shaken from tree. Tree: mature tree is medium to large, 

with compact growth, acute branch angles, distinct spurs, tends toward 

biennial bearing; precocious bearing; late flowering; fruit scab rare. 

Perry: fruit milled 1–3 weeks after harvest; juice acidity 0.28, tannins 

0.09, specific gravity 1.052; produces a pleasant low acid, low tannin 

vintage of average quality. 

Blakeney Red.—A midseason perry pear with moderate acids and 

tannins. Origin: traditional English cultivar, widely planted in the 

early 1800s in the Awre district west of Gloucester. Possibly a seedling 

of the ancient cultivar Thorn or Red Longdon. During the 19 th century 

this was considered a dual-purpose pear, used for both eating and for 

perry. Fruit: small-medium, pyriform to turbinate, 49–62 mm long, 

49–59 mm diameter; stem slender, 26–35 mm; stem basin small and 

narrow, calyx basin well defined; calyx open or reflexed. Skin yellow 

with deep red blush on side exposed to sun, some russet spreading from 

calyx end; lenticels numerous, generally small. Flesh firm, crisp, juicy 

with stone cells around core. Ripens late September to mid-October in 

England’s West Midlands, late September in western Oregon. Tree: 

a heavy and reliable cropper; vigorous and sturdy with upright branches 

when young, becoming a medium to large tree; slow to come into 

bearing. Perry: fruit milled up to 7 days after harvest; juice acidity 

0.42, tannins 0.13, specific gravity 1.056; produces a pleasant vintage 

of average quality with medium acid and tannin. Fruit must be at 


proper maturity to produce an acceptable perry. Has a reputation for 

making a second-rate perry as the fruit quickly becomes overripe. 

Brandy.—A midseason perry pear with medium acids and low 

tannins. Origin: traditional English cultivar from West Gloucestershire 

popular during the 1800s. Fruit: small, turbinate, 46–58 mm long, 38– 

52 mm diameter; stem thick, 8–24 mm; no stem basin, slight calyx 

basin. Skin pale green or yellow-green with red blush, russetted at stem 

and calyx ends, with numerous lenticels. Flesh has stone cells concentrated 

toward calyx end and around core. Ripens in October in 

England’s West Midlands, early September in western Oregon. Tree: 

mature tree is smaller and with wider crotch angles than most other 

perry cultivars; vigorous and sturdy as a young tree; heavy producer 

but tends toward biennial bearing; very precocious bearing; mid-late 

flowering; some fruit scab. Perry: fruit milled up to 4 weeks after 

harvest; juice acidity 0.44, tannins 0.12, specific gravity 1.069 from 

older trees, values lower from young trees; produces a dark-colored, 

aromatic, mild-flavored vintage of average quality. 

Butt.—A late-season perry pear with moderate acids and moderate 

tannins. Origin: traditional cultivar from the Gloucestershire and 

Herefordshire regions of England, widely planted during the 1800s. 

Fruit: small, turbinate to slightly pyriform, 44–51 mm long, 42–51 

mm diameter; stem slender to 30 mm; no stem basin, slight calyx basin; 

calyx open or reflexed. Skin lemon-yellow to greenish yellow, slightly 

russetted near stem and calyx; lenticels inconspicuous except on 

russet. Flesh tinged yellow, coarse-grained, granular with stone cells 

around core. Ripens early November in England’s West Midlands, 

early October in western Oregon; excellent keeping quality prior to 

milling. Tree: mature tree is moderately large; long branches have 

conspicuous spurs; heavy producer but tends toward biennial bearing; 

slow to come into bearing; some fruit scab. Perry: fruit milled 4–10 

weeks after harvest; juice acidity 0.54, tannins 0.32, specific gravity 

1.056; slow to ferment; produces a fruity, slightly astringent vintage of 

good quality. 

Gin.—A late-season scab-resistant perry pear with moderate acids 

and tannins. Origin: traditional English cultivar from the Newent 

district of Gloucestershire. Fruit: small, broadly turbinate, almost 

oblate, 35–49 mm long, 42–58 mm diameter; stem slender, 22–39 mm; 

no stem basin, calyx basin slight to none; calyx closed to slightly open. 

Skin green, flushed with orange, slightly russetted near stem and 

calyx; lenticels inconspicuous. Flesh has some stone cells around core. 

Ripens mid October in England’s West Midlands, and in western 

Oregon; excellent keeping quality prior to milling. Tree: vigorous 

growth as a young tree, becoming medium size when mature. Good 

production but tends toward biennial bearing; some fruit scab. Perry: 

fruit milled 3–5 weeks after harvest; juice acidity 0.42, tannins 0.15, 

specific gravity 1.052; higher concentration of citric acid than other 

perry pears (>0.3%); produces a good quality vintage with medium 

acids and tannins. 

Hendre Huffcap.—A midseason perry pear with medium acids 

and low tannins. Origin: traditional old English cultivar from the 

Bromsberrow and Haresfield districts of Gloucestershire. Related to, 

but distinct from the Yellow Huffcap. The name ‘Huffcap’ may have 

come from a potent ale that could “lift one’s cap”, or possibly from an 

alternate spelling ‘Huffcup’ referring to “lifting your cup” when 

making a toast. Fruit: small, elliptical, often irregular, 46–54 mm 

long, 43–50 mm diameter with a distinctly bulging calyx end; no stem 

basin or calyx basin; calyx upright. Skin green to yellow, with slight 

orange flush; slight russet at stem and calyx end; lenticels numerous, 

but small and inconspicuous. Flesh has concentration of stone cells 

near calyx end and some around core. Ripens early to mid-October in 

England’s West Midlands, late September to early October in western 

Oregon; easily shaken from tree. Tree: mature tree is large with few 

upright limbs and wide crotch angles; early flowering; fruit scab is 

rare. Perry: fruit milled up to 2 weeks after harvest; juice acidity 0.37, 

tannins 0.08, specific gravity 1.059; reliably produces a light, goodquality 

vintage with low tannins. 

Red Pear.—A midseason perry pear with low acids and tannins. 

Origin: a very old English cultivar, grown in the West Midlands, 

particularly Herfordshire, since before 1600. Fruit: small, globular to 

turbinate, 39–49 mm long, 42–51 mm diameter; stem short and stout, 

14–19 mm, often swollen where attached to the fruit; small, narrow 

261

stem basin; slight calyx basin. Skin greenish-yellow, almost completely 

covered with red; slight russet at stem and calyx ends; lenticels 

numerous, large. Flesh yellow, firm, dry, with a small number of 

prominent stone cells around core. Ripens mid October in England’s 

West Midlands, mid September in western Oregon. Tree: mature tree 

is medium size, with few main leaders and wide crotch angles; very 

adaptable, growing well in diverse locations; very precocious, heavy 

producer but tends toward biennial bearing; late flowering; some fruit 

scab. Perry: fruit milled up to 3 weeks after harvest; juice acidity 0.29, 

tannins 0.09, specific gravity 1.055; produces a low acid, low tannin 

vintage of average quality. 

Taynton Squash.—An early season perry pear with medium acids 

and tannins. Origin: a very old English cultivar grown in the West 

Midlands since before 1700. The cultivar name is presumably derived 

from Taynton, its parish of origin. In his 1811 ‘Pomona Herefordiensis’ 

Thomas Andrew Knight wrote of this pear, already considered an old 

cultivar at that time, that during a favorable season and when well 

managed “it affords a much finer liquor than any other pear.” Fruit: 

small, oblate or turbinate, 39–45 mm long, 46–52 mm; stem slender, 

20–27 mm, often fleshy where attached to the fruit; almost no stem 

basin; calyx basin wide and shallow; calyx open or upright, rarely 

reflexed. Skin dull greenish yellow, with a brownish-red blush; slight 

russet at stem end and calyx end; lenticels numerous, small but 

conspicuous. Flesh white, briskly sweet, with stone cells around core. 

Ripens mid-late September in England’s West Midlands, mid September 

in western Oregon; does not store well. Tree: mature tree is 

medium to large with narrow crotch angles, twiggy; very productive 

but usually biennial bearing; early flowering; fruit scab often severe. 

Perry: fruit milled within two days of harvest; juice acidity 0.45, 

tannins 0.13, specific gravity 1.058; higher concentration of citric acid 

than most other perry pears (>0.3%); produces an average quality 

vintage with medium acid and tannin; compared to champagne in older 

writings. 

Thorn.—An early-midseason perry pear with medium acids and 

low tannins. Origin: a very old English cultivar grown since the 1600s. 

Fruit: small, pyriform, occasionally turbinate, 42–64 mm long, 40–54 

mm diameter; stem short, 11–25 mm; no stem basin; wide, shallow 

calyx basin; calyx stiffly upright. Skin yellow, russetted at stem and 

calyx ends; lenticels numerous but inconspicuous. Flesh with few 

stone cells around core. Ripens mid-late September in England’s West 

Midlands, early September in western Oregon. Tree: small, upright 

and compact with conspicuous spurs; very productive, but very slow 

to come into bearing; fruit scab often present. Perry: fruit milled 

within one week of harvest; juice acidity 0.57, tannins 0.10, specific 

gravity 1.062; produces a good quality vintage with low tannins. 

Winnal’s Longdon.—A midseason scab-resistant perry pear with 

high acids and low tannins. Origin: raised by Mr. Winnall of Woodfield, 

England, in the parish of Weston-under-Penyard ≈1790. Fruit: small, 

pyriform, 51–62 mm long, 38–50 mm diameter; stem 13–25 mm; no 

stem basin, slight calyx basin; calyx reflexed. Skin greenish-yellow, 

with considerable red blush; slight russet at stem end, more at calyx 

end; lenticels small, numerous and conspicuous. Flesh has small stone 

cells around core. Ripens in early October in England’s West Midlands. 

Tree: mature tree is medium to large; very productive but tends 

toward biennial bearing; slow to come into bearing; one of the few 

English perry pears compatible with quince rootstock; relatively free 

of fruit scab. Perry: fruit milled within one week of harvest; juice 

acidity 0.57, tannins 0.11, specific gravity 1.058; produces a good 

quality vintage with moderate acids and low tannins. 

Yellow Huffcap.—A midseason perry pear with high acids and 

low tannins. Origin: traditional old English cultivar. The ‘Huffcaps’ 

are a related group of cultivars with a distinct elliptical shape, protruding 

calyx end, and capacity for producing a strong perry. The Yellow 

Huffcap may be the original Huffcap pear from which the others were 

derived. The name ‘Huffcap’ may have come from a potent ale that 

could “lift one’s cap”, or possibly from an alternate spelling ‘Huffcup’ 

referring to “lifting your cup” when making a toast. Fruit: small, 

elliptical, 41–51 mm long, 35–45 mm diameter; stem thick and 

swollen at both ends, 14–22 mm; stem basin small or none; calyx basin 

narrow; calyx upright. Skin green or dark yellow with no blush, 

262 


russetted around stem and calyx; covered with large, corky lenticels. 

Flesh slightly yellow-green with few stone cells. Ripens mid-October 

in England’s West Midlands, mid-September in western Oregon; must 

be shaken before ripe to prevent rotting on the tree. Tree: mature tree 

is large with large spreading limbs. Very productive, but biennial 

bearing, slow to come into bearing; early flowering. Perry: fruit 

milled within one week of harvest; juice acidity 0.62, tannins 0.10, 

specific gravity 1.064; contains a higher concentration of citric acid 

than most other perry pears (>0.3%); produces a consistently good to 

excellent full-flavored vintage with moderate acids and low tannins. 

PECAN 

L.J. Grauke and Tommy E. Thompson 

USDA–ARS Pecan Breeding & Genetics 

College Station, Tex. 

Nacono.—A productive, high-quality cultivar of Carya 

illinoinensis. Origin: controlled cross (Cheyenne x Sioux) made in 

Brownwood, Tex., by E.J. Brown and G.D. Madden in 1974. Tested 

as 74-5-55 by T.E. Thompson and L.J. Grauke and cooperatively 

released by USDA–ARS and the Texas Agr. Expt. Sta., 18 July 2000. 

Nut: oblong with acute apex, and an acuminate (pointed) base; round 

in cross section; 44 nuts/lb, 56% kernel; kernels cream to golden in 

color, with shallow dorsal grooves and a rounded dorsal ridge. Tree: 

vigorous, beginning spring growth with Desirable and developing 

dense canopies of large leaves, on limbs with wide angles. Protogynous, 

with midseason pollen shed and early to midseason receptivity. 

Moderately resistant to scab, being more resistant than Desirable and 

less resistant than Stuart. Moderately susceptible to yellow and black 

aphids, being more susceptible than Pawnee, but less susceptible than 

Stuart. Medium precocity (comparable to Pawnee). Nuts average 3 per 

cluster, ripen 11–21 Oct. in College Station, Tex., ≈8 days before 

Desirable and 12 days before Stuart. Nacono bears well, outyielding 

Pawnee and Desirable through the tenth leaf in College Station. 

Nacono rarely overbears, having 56% terminals with clusters in a high 

production year, comparable to the 52% of the consistently producing 

Desirable. 

Tiny Tim.—Heavy bearing, very small-fruited Carya illinoinensis 

cultivar selected as waterfowl mast source and used as preferred 

seedstock and as grafted seedlings in wetland restoration. Origin: 

native pecan selected in 1994 by Kenneth Dalrymple, Missouri Dept. 

of Conservation, from upland site on edge of flood plain in Lincoln 

County, Mo., near confluence of Cuivre and Mississippi Rivers. First 

propagated in 1997 by Wayne Lovelace, Forrest Keeling Nursery, on 

behalf of Missouri Dept. of Conservation. Original tree died from 

effects of man-made pond built at base of tree. Nut: oblong elliptic 

with prominent acute apex and obtuse base; round in cross section; 342 

nuts/lb, 42% kernel; kernels cream to golden, with wide, shallow 

dorsal grooves and deep, tight basal cleft; often shelling out as full 

halves. Shell ≈1 mm thick. Precocious, bearing nuts from grafts in ≈3 

years. Leaflets are narrower and foliage on tree is held later in the 

autumn than typical local natives. 

PLUM 

David W. Ramming 

USDA–ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory 

Fresno, Calif. 

315-80-67.—A dark red European plum. Origin: Reedley, Calif., 

by Tom Chamberlin, Sr. Unknown origin. Seed planted 1980, first 

fruited 1983. USPP 10984 issued 29 Jun. 1999. Assigned to Agri Sun 

Nursery. Fruit: large, 60 mm diameter, round to slightly oval; skin 

dark red; flesh light yellow crisp and firm; free; ripe second week 

August in Central Calif. Tree: average vigor and size, not self-fertile 

but productive with adequate pollination. 

Gulfbeauty.—A low-chill Japanese plum. Origin: Gainesville, 

Fla., by Wayne B. Sherman, Univ. of Florida. Fourth generation openpollinated 

seedling of polycross of Ozark Premier, Burbank, Beauty, 

and Bruce hybridized with pollen of Taiwan. Taiwan = Huang-ju 


open-pollinated. Selected in 1985; tested as Fla. 85-1; introduced in 

1998. USPP 11224 issued 15 Feb. 2000. Assigned to Florida Foundation 

Seed Producers, Inc. Fruit: small, 47 mm diameter, 50–55 g, 

round; skin dark red; flesh pale yellow; cling; ripe early May in Florida 

one week before Gulfruby. Tree: vigorous, semi-spreading, cross 

fertile with Gulfruby, precocious and productive. Tolerant to bacterial 

sport, high resistance to leaf scald. Chilling requirement 250 h. 

Gulfblaze.—A low-chill Japanese plum. Origin: Gainesville, 

Fla., by Wayne B. Sherman, Univ. of Florida. Fourth generation openpollinated 

seedling of polycross of Ozark Premier, Burbank, Beauty, 

and Bruce hybridized with pollen of Taiwan. Taiwan = Huang-ju 

open- pollinated. Selected in 1987; tested as Fla. 87-7; introduced in 

1998. USPP 10880 issued 4 May, 1999. Assigned to Florida Foundation 

Seed Producers, Inc. Fruit: small, 50 mm diameter, 75–80 g, 

round to slightly elliptical; skin dark red; flesh deep orange; semifreestone; 

ripe late May in Florida one week after Gulfruby. Tree: 

vigorous, semi-spreading, cross fertile with Gulfruby, precocious and 

productive. Tolerant to bacterial sport, high resistance to leaf scald. 

Chilling requirement 250 h. 

Gulfrose.—Blood fleshed, low chill Japanese plum. Origin: 

Gainesville, Fla., by W. Sherman, Univ. of Florida. Gulfruby op; 

selected in 1995 and introduced in 2001. USPPAF. Assigned to 

Florida Foundation Seed Producers, Inc. Fruit: medium size, 70–80 

g, round; skin is dark red; flesh is blood red; semi-freestone; ripens 

with Gulfblaze at Gainesville. Tree: vigorous, semi- upright; Gulfblaze 

recommended for cross-pollination; resistant to bacterial spot and leaf 

scald. Chilling requirement 275 h. (J. Amer. Pom. Soc. 55:62). 

John W.—Late ripening, self-fertile Japanese plum. Origin: Fresno, 

Calif., by D. Ramming, USDA, ARS. K42-26 [=Laroda x B65-11 

(=Queen Ann x Late Santa Rosa)] x K189- 73 [=Friar x Simka] made 

in 1985. Selected in 1990, tested as K169-3, introduced May 2001. 

Fruit: medium to large, 62–72 mm, 129–163 g, round to slightly oval; 

skin purple red with some speckles; flesh orange, firm, fine texture; 

cling; ripe the last week of August to the first week of September with 

Angeleno. Tree: vigorous, semi-upright; self fertile, productive. 

Sir George.—A large, midseason purple Japanese plum. Origin: 

Fresno, Calif. by Eric Wuhl. Supposed hybrid of Challenger and 

Showtime. USPP 11149 issued 7 Dec. 1999. Fruit: large, 60 mm 

diameter; skin, purple; flesh, yellow, firm, freestone; matures fourth 

week of July in California. Tree: medium, upright and slightly 

spreading, productive; partial self-fertile. 

Sutter.—A European plum for drying. Origin: Davis, Calif., by 

Ted DeJong and James Doyle. Sugar x Primacotes made in 1987. 

Selected in 1993, tested as 4-6W-53, introduced in Dec. 2000, USPPAF. 

Fruit: large, 30–35 g, similar to French prune in shape; skin dark 

purple with medium waxy bloom; flesh dark yellow to yellow amber; 

nearly free; ripe early to mid-August, 7 to 10 days ahead of Improved 

French prune with 2 degrees more soluble solids at harvest. Tree: 

similar in form and vigor to Improved French; self-fertile, productive. 

Tulare Giant.—A European plum for the fresh market. Origin: 

Davis, Calif., by Ted DeJong and James Doyle, Univ. of Calif. 

Empress x Primacotes made in 1987. Selected in 1991, tested as 3-6E- 

13, introd. in Dec. 2000, USPPAF. Fruit: very large, 50–60 g, oval; 

skin dark purple with a grayish colored and waxy bloom; semi-free; 

flesh light yellow; ripe early to mid-July, several weeks earlier than 

Improved French. Tree: vigorous; self-fertile, highly productive, 

needs to be thinned for fresh market. 

Yellow #503.—An early-ripening small yellow Japanese plum. 

Origin: Reedley, Calif., by Tom Chamberlin, Sr. Unknown origin. 

Seed planted 1989, first fruited 1992. USPP 11061 issued 14 Sept. 

1999. Assigned to Corrin Family Trust. Fruit: very small, 35 mm 

diameter; round; skin yellow-green; flesh crisp, firm, 20% soluble 

solids, yellow; cling; ripe third week June in Central Calif. Tree: 

vigorous, normal size; productive annually. Chilling requirement 

250–400 h. 


PLUMCOT 

David W. Ramming 

USDA–ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory 

Fresno, Calif. 

Flavor Ann.—An interspecific (apricot x plumcot) x plum with 

golden yellow pubescent skin. Origin: Modesto, Calif., by Chris, 

Gary, and Grant Zaiger and Leith Gardner. Hybrid of 87EB90 =(apricot 

15W297 x plumcot [=Red Beaut op]) x Royal Zee plum. USPP 

10899 issued 18 May 199, assigned to Guillou Freres. Fruit: medium, 

60 mm, 70 g, nearly globose; skin, golden yellow, pubescent; flesh 

yellow, firm, 16.0% SS; freestone; ripe third week of May in California. 

Tree: large, vigorous, semi-spreading; productive, self-fertile, 

pollinates Flavorella plumcot. 

Flavorfall.—An interspecific plum x plumcot with red skin and 

late ripening. Origin: in Modesto, Calif., by Chris, Gary, and Grant 

Zaiger and Leith Gardner. Hybrid of 65EC752 (=unknown late plum 

op) x 4G1180 plumcot (=Redbeaut op). USPP 11990 issued 17 Jul. 

2001. Fruit: large, 60 mm diameter, 181 g, globose; skin garnet red 

over yellow ground color, glabrous; flesh yellow, firm, 17.4% SS; 

cling; matures 20 days after Flavorich, the second week of October in 

California. Tree: large, vigorous, upright, productive; anthers orange, 

self-unfruitful. 

Flavor Gem.—An interspecific (plumcot x plum) x plum with red 

skin. Origin: in Modesto, Calif., by Chris, Gary, and Grant Zaiger and 

Leith Gardner. Hybrid of 21GB794 (=plumcot of unknown parentage 

x King David plum) x Royal Zee plum. USPP 10915 issued 25 May 

1999. Fruit: medium, 60 mm diameter, 114 g, globose; skin garnet red 

over yellow ground color, glabrous; flesh yellow, firm, 20.5% SS; 

freestone; matures 1 week later than Flavor King, ripe third week of 

August in California. Tree: medium, vigorous, semi-spreading; productive. 

Flavor Gold.—A complex interspecific plumcot with yellow skin. 

Origin: in Modesto, Calif., by Chris, Gary, and Grant Zaiger and Leith 

Gardner. Open-pollinated seedling of 336LC131 (=36ED128 (=Friar 

plum x Autumn Giant plum) x 7HC160{=(Friar op x 4G1180 plumcot 

[=Red Beaut op]) x 4G1180}). USPP 12074 issued 28 Aug. 2001. 

Fruit: large, 65 mm, 105 g, globose; skin, yellow, glabrous; flesh, 

yellow, firm, 22.1% SS; cling; ripe 1 week later than Flavor Queen, the 

first week of August in California. Tree: large, vigorous, upright; 

productive, anthers yellow, self-unfruitful. 

Flavor Heart.—An interspecific plum x plumcot with dark red 

skin. Origin: Modesto, Calif., by Chris, Gary, and Grant Zaiger and 

Leith Gardner. Hybrid of 24EB412 plum (=Red Beaut op) x 4G1180 

plumcot (=Red Beaut op). USPP 10608 issued 22 Sept. 1998. Fruit: 

large, 67 mm, heart shape; skin dark ruby, glabrous; flesh yellow, firm; 

clingstone; ripe first week August in California. Tree: large, vigorous, 

semi-spreading; productive. 

Flavorite.—An interspecific midseason plumcot with red skin. 

Origin: Modesto, Calif., by Chris, Gary, and Grant Zaiger and Leith 

Gardner. Hybrid of 16GG159 (=25GB924 (=unknown plum) x 4G1180 

plumcot [=Red Beaut op]) x 26GF10 (=21GB794 [=unknown plumcot 

x King David] x Royal Zee). USPP 11609 issued 31 Oct. 2000. Fruit: 

medium, 55 mm diameter, 112 g, globose; skin garnet red over yellow 

ground color, glabrous; flesh yellow to light orange, firm, 20% SS; 

freestone; matures 30 days before Flavor King, second week of July in 

California. Tree: large, vigorous, semi-spreading; productive, pollen 

present. 

Honey Rich.—A complex interspecific plumcot with apricot 

appearance. Origin: Modesto, Calif., by Chris, Gary, and Grant Zaiger 

and Leith Gardner. Hybrid of 7HC43 {=87EB90 [=Flaming Gold 

apricot op x plumcot (=Red Beaut op)] x Royal Zee plum} x Tom Cot 

apricot. USPP 10292 issued 24 Mar. 1998. Fruit: medium, 60 mm 

diameter, elongated, slightly compressed, apricot appearance with 

pubescence; skin orange; flesh orange, firm, 15% SS; freestone; ripe 

263

third week of May in California. Tree: large, vigorous, semi-spreading; 

productive. 

Miwang.—An interspecific plum x apricot. Origin: near 

JungPyong, KeoSan, ChungBuk, Korea, by Yun-Won Lee. Hybrid of 

an open-pollinated apricot (Prunus armeniaca) x native plum (P. 

domestica). (More likely P. salicina, ed. note). USPP 11258 issued 29 

Feb. 2000. Fruit: medium, 90 g, globose with slight tip; skin dark red 

with yellow spots, slight pubescence; flesh dark red, firm but delicate, 

18% SS; semi-cling; ripe late July. Tree: medium, semi-spreading; 

productive. 

Spring Satin.—An early ripening plumcot for the Southeast. 

Origin: Byron, Ga., by W.R. Okie of USDA–ARS. BY8111-6 op 

(=BY4-601 (=Queen Ann x Santa Rosa) x Frontier); seed planted in 

1988; sel. in 1991 as BY88Z1092. Apricot pollen parent unknown. 

Fruit: size 5 cm; round to oblate in shape; skin reddish-black with very 

short fuzz; flesh firm, yellow-red; quality good when flesh softens, 

otherwise tart; clingstone; ripens 2–3 weeks before Santa Rosa and 

Morris or late May at Byron. Tree: moderately vigorous with upright 

growth; compatible with peach rootstock; moderately resistant to 

bacterial spot and canker; tolerant of plum leaf scald. Flowers white, 

2 cm diameter; moderate pollen but relatively self-infertile; sets well 

with Japanese plum pollen, less well with apricot pollen; chill requirement 

750 h. Productive if cross-pollinated and usually requires thinning. 

264 

PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

T.G. Beckman 

USDA–ARS Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Res. Lab. 

Byron, Ga. 

Avifel.—See Torinel . 

Marianna M40.—A clonal Prunus cerasifera x P. munsoniana 

rootstock for plums. Origin: developed by J.F. Doyle, F.E. Fenton, 

and C.O. Hesse. M40 is an open-pollinated seedling collected from 

Marianna type plums from an unknown source. USPP 11403 issued 6 

June 2000, assigned to Regents of the Univ. of Calif., Oakland. Tree: 

M40 is propagated by hardwood cuttings. Prune varieties budded on 

M40 display superior anchorage and produce fewer rootstock suckers 

than do those budded on Marianna 2624. (HortTechnology 9:498– 

505). 

Nickels.—A clonal, interspecific hybrid (Prunus amygdalus x 

persica) rootstock for almond, plum and peach. Origin: developed by 

D.E. Kester and R.N. Asay. Originated in 1973 from a cross of Sel. 5- 

33 (McLish x Reams) x Nemaguard. Tested as UCD 1-82. USPP 

12188 issued 6 November, 2001, assigned to the Regents of the Univ. 

of California, Oakland. Tree: unbudded trees are vigorous, spreading 

with long shoots and display a higher chilling requirement than 

Hansen 536 or Hansen 2168. Can be readily propagated by hardwood 

cuttings. Has root-knot nematode resistance comparable to Nemaguard 

and appears to have resistance to Phytophthora root rot and iron 

chlorosis. Almond varieties budded on Nickels exhibit superior transplanting 

success, anchorage and longevity than those on Hansen 536 

or Hansen 2168. 

Penta.—A clonal Prunus domestica rootstock for peach, as well as 

apricot and plum. Origin: A. Nicotra and L. Moser at the Istituto 

Sperimentale per la Frutticoltura, Rome, Italy. Open-pollinated seedling 

of Imperial Epineuse. Introduced in 1995. Tree: easily propagated 

by hardwood cuttings or tissue culture. Trees budded to Tetra are well 

anchored, more vigorous and higher yielding than trees budded on 

peach seedling. Tetra is non-suckering and better adapted to heavy 

soils than peach seedling. Good compatibility with almond and plum 

cvs. tested. (Acta Hort. 451:269–271). 

Pumiselect (Rhenus 2).—A clonal Prunus pumila rootstock for 

peach as well as apricot. Origin: H.B. Jacob at the Geisenheim 

Research Station, Geisenheim, Germany. Tested as Clone 73/95; an 

open-pollinated seedling of P. pumila. USPP 11233 issued 22 Feb. 

2000, assigned to Tree Connection, Inc., Dundee, Oregon. Tree: 

propagated readily by hardwood or softwood cuttings, stool bed or 

tissue culture. Peach trees are dwarf to semi-dwarf (≈65% of those 

budded on Nemaguard), display good anchorage, early bearing, supe- 


rior yield efficiency (≈50% higher than those budded on Nemaguard) 

and cold hardiness. Apricots are dwarfed ≈50% compared to seedling 

apricot rootstock. 

Rhenus 2.—See Pumiselect . 

Sirio.—A clonal, low vigor, interspecific hybrid (Prunus persica 

x amygdalus) rootstock for peach. Origin: F. Loreti and R. Massai, 

Dipartimento di Coltivazione e Difesa delle Specie Legnose, Univ. of 

Pisa, Italy. An open-pollinated seedling of GF557. Tested as I.S.5/22. 

Tree: unbudded trees display weak vigor, semi-erect growth habit, 

with reniform leaf glands and light pink showy flowers. Difficult to 

propagate by stool bed or trench layering and roots poorly by hardwood 

cuttings. Performs well in micropropagation. Trees budded to 

Sirio display low vigor (≈40% of GF677), high productivity per unit 

canopy volume (≈120% of GF677), superior fruit size, red blush, 

ripening uniformity and early production than trees budded on GF677 

or seedling peach. Sirio is well anchored and adapted to calcareous soil 

(comparable to GF677). Not well adapted to low fertility soils or to 

heavy, poorly drained soils. (Acta Hort 465:229–236). 

Tetra.—A clonal Prunus domestica rootstock for peach as well as 

plum and apricot. Origin: A. Nicotra and L. Moser, Istituto Sperimentale 

per la Frutticoltura, Rome, Italy. Open-pollinated seedling of Regina 

Claudia Verde. Introduced in 1995. Tree: easily propagated by hardwood 

cuttings or tissue culture. Peach trees budded to Tetra are well 

anchored, and display vigor and yield efficiency similar to trees 

budded on peach seedling. Non-suckering and better adapted to heavy 

soils than peach seedling. Good compatibility with plum and almond 

cvs. tested. (Acta Hort. 451:269–271). 

Torinel (Avifel).—A clonal Prunus domestica rootstock for 

apricot and plum. Origin: J.M. Audergon, INRA Station de Recherches 

Fruitieres Mediterraneennes, Montfavet, France. Hybrid of Reine 

Claude P994 x Reine Claude de Bavay; tested as P3116. USPPAF. 

Tree: can be propagated by hardwood cuttings and tissue culture. 

Displays better graft compatibility with apricot, particularly with 

exacting cultivars, than other plum rootstocks tested. Trees on Torinel 

display lower vigor (at least 20% less than commercial plum type 

rootstocks), similar bloom, fruit maturation date, fruit size and quality 

when compared to other commercial plum types for apricot. Trees on 

Torinel are more precocious and yield efficient than those on commercial 

standards. Also compatible with plum cvs. tested. Has demonstrated 

waterlogging tolerance comparable to GF8-1. Appears to 

possess some resistance to lesion nematode (Pratylenchus vulnus) and 

is resistant to several species of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne 

sp.). (Acta Hort. 293:395–400). 

RASPBERRY 

Hugh Daubeny 

Emeritus Research Scientist 

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agriculture 

Research Centre, Agassiz, B.C. 

Borgund.—A floricane fruiting raspberry suited to fresh market. 

Origin: The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Njos, Leikanger, 

Norway, by J. Oydvin; a self-pollinated selection from Distad; sel. 

1979 by R. Nestby; tested as N71-B9. Fruit: medium to large; light 

red; soft; good flavor; early ripening. Plant: moderate to high yields; 

primocanes slender, relatively sparse. Resistant to cane diseases. 

Christmas Tree.—See Claudia. 

Citria.—A high-yielding, early ripening, yellow-fruited floricane 

raspberry. Origin: Fruit Research Institute Pitesti-Maracineni, Ages, 

Romania, by P. Mladin; from a 1983 cross of Cayuga x Orrs Seedling 

(a Russian cultivar of unknown origin); sel. 1987; tested as 83-1-44; 

introd. 1996. Fruit: medium size; yellow turns to orange when 

overripe; medium firm; easy to harvest; sweet flavor; high Vitamin C 

level; early ripening. Plant: mainly floricane fruit but has some late 

primocane fruit; vigorous with relatively upright, spineless canes; 

short to medium laterals with six to 10 flowers each; good primocane 

production; winter hardy. Resistant to spur blight (Didymella applanata) 

and powdery mildew (Spaerotheca macularis) and tolerance to anthracnose 

(Elsinoe veneta) and leaf spot (Sphaerulina rubi); field 

resistant to root rot (Phytophthora fragaria var. rubi). Resistant to 


common strain of raspberry bushy dwarf virus. 

Claudia (Christmas Tree).—A winter-hardy floricane fruiting 

raspberry. Origin: Univ. of Maryland by H.J. Swartz; Skeena x (Titan 

x AmosH); sel. 1993 at the Wye Institute in Queenstown, Md.; tested 

as KCE-1 as part of the Universities of Maryland, Rutgers, and 

Wisconsin River Falls and Virginia Polytechnic Institute Bramble 

Breeding Program; USPPAF. Fruit: large; moderately firm; slight 

tendency to uneven color; mild flavor; mid- to late-season ripening. 

Plant: slow to establish; canes stiff and terminate growth early in fall; 

laterals upright with well presented fruit; very late primocane production; 

winter hardy. 

Cowichan.—A high quality, floricane fruiting raspberry suited to 

machine harvesting. Origin: Pacific Agriculture Research Centre, 

Agassiz, B.C. Canada, by H.A. Daubeny and C. Kempler. Newburgh 

x Qualicum; cross made in 1987; sel. 1990; tested as BC 87-14-20; 

introd. 2001. Fruit: large; bright, glossy medium red; excellent quality 

with good flavor; most similar to Tulameen but firmer; easy to harvest. 

Plant: moderately productive; vigorous, upright, sturdy floricanes 

with medium length, upright, stiff laterals with well spaced fruit; 

abundant red to purple primocanes; short spines on lower part of cane 

are not objectionable. Susceptible to cane Botrytis (Botrytis cinerea) 

and to spur blight; may have some resistance to root rot; to date has not 

become naturally infected with raspberry bushy dwarf virus; resistant 

to common strain of North American aphid vector (Amphorophora 

agathonica) of the raspberry mosaic virus complex. 

Emily.—A firm-fruited floricane raspberry. Origin: Univ. of 

Maryland by H.J. Swartz; (Titan x Willamette) x Glen Moy; sel. 1992 

at the Wye Institute in Queenstown, Md.; tested as JAM-1 as part of the 

Universities of Maryland, Rutgers, Wisconsin River Falls, and Virginia 

Polytechnic Institute Bramble Breeding Program; USPPAF. 

Fruit: large; very long narrow cavity; firm in a range of environments; 

mid- to late-season ripening; mild flavor; suited to shipping. Plant: 

moderately vigorous and productive; sturdy, upright canes; wellpresented 

fruit; short chilling requirement. susceptible to damage from 

fluctuating spring temperatures; susceptible to damage from excess 

residue levels of several commonly used herbicides. 

Esta (Esther).—A vigorous, early-ripening, floricane fruiting 

raspberry. Origin: cross made by D.L. Jennings at the Scottish Crop 

Research Institute (SCRI); Southland x SCRI 8216B6; sel. 1989 at the 

Univ. of Maryland; tested as GEL-114 as part of the Universities of 

Maryland, Rutgers, Wisconsin River Falls and Virginia Polytechnic 

Institute Bramble Breeding Program; USPPAF. Fruit: medium size; 

medium red; round to conic; firm except at high temperatures. Plant: 

very vigorous in the mid-Atlantic region; rapid cane growth; high 

yield; abundant primocane production; primocane fruiting in warmer 

climates; only moderately winter hardy but resistant to fluctuating 

winter temperatures. Resistant to leaf and cane diseases; susceptible to 

root rot. 

Esther.—See Esta. 

Frosta.—A floricane fruiting raspberry suited to greenhouse production. 

Origin: The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Kvithamar, 

Stordal, Norway by R. Nestby; Norna x Chilliwack; selected in 1990; 

tested as N86-26-108. Fruit: small; dark glossy red; firm; good shelf 

life; midseason ripening; suited to fresh market and to processing; 

probably suited to machine harvest. Plant: high yield in greenhouse 

production; moderate vigor and cane production; fairly erect canes; 

few spines. Resistant to cane diseases. 

Gradina.—A high-yielding, late-ripening floricane fruiting raspberry. 

Origin: Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, Yugoslavia, by P.D. 

Misic, V.Z. Bugarcic and M.B. Tesic; Malling Exploit x Rubin; introd. 

In 1973. Fruit: large; red; firm; truncate-conic shape; pleasant sweetacid 

flavor; easy to harvest; ripens later than Willamette; suited to fresh 

market and to processing. Plant: vigorous, relatively upright floricanes 

with secondary buds; spines; adapted to relatively poor soil conditions; 

adapted to cooler temperatures. Moderately susceptible to spur 

blight; tolerance to viruses. 

Hitra.—A high-yielding floricane fruiting raspberry suited to 

fresh market. Origin: The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, 

Kvithamar, Stordal, Norway by R. Nestby; N80-08 ([Distad selfed] 

selfed) x Asker); sel. 1992; tested as N88-196. Fruit: very large; light 

red color; firm; good flavor; fresh market use but acceptable for 


processing; can be machine harvested. Plant: yield similar to that 

obtained from Glen Ample in Norway; relatively few fairly erect 

primocanes with few spines. Resistant to cane diseases. 

Josephine.—A large-fruited primocane raspberry. Origin: Univ. 

of Maryland by H.J. Swartz; Amity x Scottish Crop Research Institute 

18E6; cross made in 1989; sel. 1993 at Rutgers Fruit Research Station, 

Cream Ridge, N.J.; tested as JEF-f1 as part of Universities of Maryland, 

Rutgers, Wisconsin River Falls, and Virginia Polytechnic Institute 

Bramble Breeding program; USPPAF. Fruit: very large, firm; 

round; reasonable flavor; ripens on primocanes 10 days later than 

Caroline. Plant: very productive; vigorous; abundant numbers of 

primocanes. Resistant to late rust and to several leaf hopper species. 

Krupna Dvorodna.—A high-quality raspberry fruiting on both 

flori-and primocanes. Origin: Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, Yugoslavia 

by P.D. Misic, V.Z. Bugarcic, and M.B. Tesic. Malling Exploit 

x Rubin; introd. 1973. Fruit: large; firm; attractive red; truncate-conic 

shape; uniform drupelets which ripen evenly; excellent sweet-acid 

flavor; easy to harvest; floricane crop ripens early; primocane crop 

ripens through September and October; suited to fresh market and to 

processing including individual quick freeze. Plant: moderate yield; 

moderately vigorous spiny canes. Not particularly winter hardy and 

best adapted to warmer climates. 

Podgorina.—A high-yielding floricane-fruiting raspberry. Origin: 

Fruit Research Institute, Cacak, Yugoslavia, by P.D. Misic, V.Z. 

Bugarcic, and M.B. Tesic. Rote Wadenswiler x Latham; introd. 1980. 

Fruit: large; relatively firm; red; truncate-conic shape; attractive 

appearance; easy to harvest; midseason ripening; suited to fresh 

market and to processing. Plant: somewhat sprawling growth habit; 

moderately vigorous spiny floricanes; relatively late leaf out; escapes 

damage from snow and late frosts; suited to cooler growing conditions. 

Moderately susceptible to spur blight. 

Pokusa.—A large-fruited primocane raspberry. Origin: Brzezna, 

Poland, Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Pomology and 

Floriculture in Skierniewice, by J. Danek. P 86594 x P 87432 (selections 

have Autumn Bliss, Heritage, Rubus odoratus, and R. occidentalis 

in derivations); tested as P 93454; introd. 2001. Fruit: large to very 

large; medium to large drupelets; red to dark red, somewhat dull; 

medium firm; uniform oval to conic shape; midseason primocane 

ripening similar to Polana; suited to fresh market and to production 

under protective covering; moderately susceptible to rot. Plant: less 

productive than Polana; vigorous; upright habit arching at top. Moderately 

susceptible to mosaic virus complex. 

Polka.—An early-ripening primocane raspberry. Origin: Brzezna, 

Poland Experiment Station of the Research Institute of Pomology and 

Floriculture in Skierniewice, by J. Danek. Open-pollinated selection 

from P 89141 which has Autumn Bliss in its derivation; tested as P 

93563; introd. 2001. Fruit: medium to large; glossy medium red; 

conic shape; firm; medium-size drupelets; excellent sweet flavor; 

ripens ≈10 days earlier than Polana; suited to fresh market and to 

processing; relatively low susceptibility to rot. Plant: easily established; 

moderately vigorous and similar to Polana but slightly less 

upright; moderate numbers of uniform canes. Relatively low susceptibility 

to root rot and to mosaic virus complex. 

Ruvi.—A productive midseason floricane raspberry with goodquality 

fruit. Origin: Fruit Research Institute Pitesti-Maracineni, 

Ages, Romania, by P. Mladin. Rubin Bulgarese x Viking; cross made 

in 1985; sel. 1989; tested as 85-1016/3; introd. 1996. Fruit: large (4 g 

average); medium red and glossy; medium firm and cohesive; conic, 

slightly irregular shape; easy to harvest; good quality; midseason 

ripening; suited to individual quick freeze. Plant: vigorous, erect with 

few spines; fruit laterals medium to long; moderate primocane production; 

moderate winter hardiness. Some resistance to spur blight; 

susceptible to cane spot and to root rot; resistant to raspberry bushy 

dwarf. 

Star.—An early fruiting floricane raspberry with excellent quality. 

Origin: Fruit Research Institute Pitesti-Maracineni, Ages, Romania 

by P. Mladien. Cayuga x Orrs Seedling (a Russian cultivar of unknown 

origin); cross made in 1983; sel. 1989; tested as 83-1-60; introd. 2000. 

Fruit: medium size; medium red somewhat dull; firm; shelf life 

similar to Cayuga; easy to harvest; good flavor; relatively high soluble 

solids; early ripening; suited to fresh market. Plant: relatively high 

265

yield; vigorous, spine free canes; relatively upright but need support at 

harvest; moderate production of primocanes; medium length laterals; 

relatively winter hardy. High resistance to spur blight and to powdery 

mildew; tolerance to anthracnose and leaf spot; resistant to raspberry 

bushy dwarf virus. 

Stiora.—A winter-hardy floricane fruiting raspberry for fresh 

market use. Origin: The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, 

Kvithamar, Stodal, Norway by R. Nesby. NN80-08 ([Distal selfed] 

selfed) x Asker; sel. 1992; tested as N88-13-209. Fruit: very large; 

light red; firm; good flavor; mid-to late-season ripening; acceptable 

for processing; probably suited to machine harvest. Plant: yield 

similar to Glen Ample; relatively few primocanes; a few spines. 

Resistant to cane diseases. 

Tambar.—A high-yielding floricane fruiting raspberry. Origin: 

The Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Kvithamar, Stodal, Norway, 

by R. Nestby. Skeena x Asker; sel. 1992; tested as N88-16-102. Fruit: 

medium to large; firm; dark red; good flavor with high soluble solids; 

late ripening; suited to fresh market and to processing; probably suited 

to machine harvest. Plant: yields similar to Glen Ample; moderate 

numbers of fairly erect canes with some short spines. Some resistance 

to cane diseases except cane spot. 

Varnes.—A large-fruited floricane raspberry. Origin: The 

Norwegian Crop Research Institute, Kvitamar, Stodal, Norway, by 

R. Nesby. ORUS 1846 open-pollinated selection x ORUS 576/47; 

sel. at Puyallup, Washington in 1987; tested as N86-55-12. Fruit: 

large; firm; apricot color; firm; relatively good shelf life. Plant: good 

yield; moderate primocane production; canes erect with few spines; 

relatively poor winter hardiness in mid-Norway. Resistant to cane 

diseases. 

266 

STRAWBERRY 

Chad Finn 

USDA–ARS, HCRL Northwest Center for 

Small Fruit Research 


AC-Saint-Pierre.—A new June-bearing cultivar for east-central 

Canada with excellent shelf-life and that does not darken in storage. 

Origin: developed by S. Khanizadeh, O. Carisse, M. Deschenes 

(Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec), 

J. DeEll (Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 

Vineland Station, Ontario), and L. Gauthier (Les Fraises de l’ Île 

d’Orléans Inc., St-Laurent, Île d’Orléans, Quebec). Chandler x Jewel; 

cross made in 1989; tested as SJ89264-6. PPAF. Fruit: very large (14 

g); firm; glossy; light-red color; color holds in storage; flesh light red. 

Plant: vigorous; upright growth habit; 2–5 inflorescences per crown; 

yields moderate, similar to Honeoye. Tolerant of winter temperatures 

below –30 °C with straw mulch. Susceptible to Phytophthora fragariae 

(A1-A6); similar to Honeoye in tolerance of leaf scorch (Diplocarpon 

earliana), leaf blight (Dendrophoma obscurans) and leaf spot 

(Mycosphaerella fragariae). 

Alice.—A late-season June-bearing strawberry with large, sweet 

berries; adapted for northern Europe. Origin: HRI East Malling, U.K., 

by D.W. Simpson. Complex pedigree includes Korona, Totem, Holiday, 

Tioga, Redgauntlet, Gorella, Redchief, Wiltguard, and Surecrop; 

cross made in 1992; sel. in 1993; tested as EM726; rel. in 2000. Fruit: 

conical shape; glossy with orange-red color and prominent achenes; 

firm and juicy with sweet flavor; good shelf life; large size and low 

percentage waste; ripens 7 days later than Elsanta and has a longer 

harvesting season; suitable for fresh market; PYO and home gardens. 

Plant: short-day type; more vigorous than Elsanta with erect habit and 

good fruit display; yield similar to Elsanta but larger average fruit size; 

good runner production; moderately resistant to wilt (Verticillium 

dahliae) and crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum); susceptible to 

powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis). 

Alta Vista.—A high-quality low-acid everbearing cultivar of 

light-red color that is adapted to summer production in coastal California 

and northern European production areas. Origin: T.M. Sjulin, 

B.D. Mowrey, A.Q. Amorao, J.F. Coss, K. Nichimori, K.L. Gilford. 

Driscoll’s Strawberry Assoc., Inc., Watsonville, Calif. Key Largo x 


L2; sel. in 1993; patented in 2000; USPP 11554. Fruit: larger (24 g) 

than Key Largo; wedge to wedge-conic; red to red-orange skin color, 

similar to Key Largo; flesh is white to pale rose; better flavor than 

Commander; similar production cycle to Commander but with greater 

late-season yield; production from mid-April to early-November. 

Plant: day-neutral, more vigorous, upright and dense than Commander; 

requires 4–6 weeks supplemental cold storage before planting. 

Moderately susceptible to angular leafspot (Xanthomonas 

fragariae) and botrytis fruit rot, moderately resistant to powdery 

mildew; susceptible to verticillium wilt, two-spotted spider mite and 

lygus bugs. 

Baeza.—A high-quality moderate-acid everbearing cultivar of 

medium-red color that is adapted to summer production in coastal 

California and northern European production areas. Origin: A.Q. 

Amorao, B.D. Mowrey, K.L. Gilford, J.I. Espejo, and T.M. Sjulin. 

Driscoll’s Strawberry Assoc., Inc., Watsonville, Calif., M1xZ2.; sel. 

in 1991; tested as DX-3; patented in 2000; USPP 11548. Fruit: 

medium-large (21 g), conical; red skin with light red flesh; medium 

glossiness; very sweet with medium acidity. Plant: day-neutral; early 

to very early ripening; moderate yields; open, medium dense, flat 

habit; vigorous; few to medium number runners. Moderately resistant 

to botrytis fruit rot, powdery mildew, drought, high temperatures high 

pH, and high soil salt levels; moderately susceptible to angular leaf 

spot; susceptible to two-spotted spider mite, Tarsonemus pallidus, 

Aphelencoides fragariae, Aphis sp., and L. hesparus. 

Biscayne.—A high-quality, early-fruiting and partially everbearing, 

productive cultivar adapted for Florida production. Origin: K.L. 

Gilford, B.D. Mowrey, J.C. Campos, T.M. Sjulin, and L.T. Kodama. 

Driscoll’s Strawberry Assoc., Inc., Watsonville, Calif. Key Largo x 

L3; sel. in 1994. patented in 2001; USPP 12186. Fruit: medium size 

(19.8 g); conical; medium red with medium red flesh; medium gloss; 

large calyx; soft-medium firmness; medium sweetness and acidity; 

Plant: vigorous; medium dense, flat habit; many runners; yield is 

greater than for Key Largo and Captiva but less than Mirador. 

Moderately susceptible to angular leaf spot and botrytis fruit rot; 

susceptible to powdery mildew, verticillium wilt, two-spotted spider 

mite, lygus bug and aphids; and moderately resistant to strawberry 

mottle virus. 

Captiva.—An early-season low-acid short-day cultivar of medium-red 

color that is adapted to winter production in central Florida. 

Origin: K.L. Gilford, B.D. Mowrey, A. Fuentes, J.I. Espejo, Jr., and 

T.M. Sjulin, Driscoll’s Strawberry Assoc., Inc., Watsonville, Calif. 

Key Largo x L1.; sel. in 1993; patented in 2000; USPP 11277. Fruit: 

large (19.4 g); conical; dark red; with light red flesh; glossy, firm; very 

sweet with medium acidity; very early to early production. Plant: 

medium dense to dense; few to medium number of runners. Moderately 

resistant to drought, high temperatures and botrytis fruit rot and 

susceptible to two-spotted spider mite, T. pallidus, A. fragariae, Aphis 

sp., and L. hesparus. 

Christina.—An early strawberry of complex parentage that includes 

germplasm of British, North American, and Italian origin. 

Origin: Medway Fruits U.K. by D. Jennings, Beggar Ltd. Fruit: 

excellent flavor; light, non-glossy color and typically maintains its 

good shape under cool conditions; large fruit (30 g); excellent shelf 

life. Plant: similar cropping season to Honeoye, Elvira, and Rosie; 

yields similar to Rosie. High resistance to powdery mildew and 

verticillium wilt. 

Civero.—An early flowering and firm fruited short-day strawberry 

that produces earlier than Chandler. Origin: M. Lei, D. Musacchi, 

and A. Martinelli, C.I.V. Consorzio Italiano Vivaisti, Ferrara, Italy. 

Chandler x Selva.; patented in 2000; USPP 11555. Fruit: similar or 

slightly smaller than Chandler with higher soluble solids and lower 

acidity; truncated-conical shape; very firm; flesh medium red with 

skin color slightly lighter than Chandler. Plant: globose with abundant 

runners; less productive than Chandler; up to 1 week earlier ripening 

than Chandler. Medium susceptibility to most strawberry root diseases 

and powdery mildew. 

Filon.—A high-yielding, very winter-hardy, late midseason, shortday 

cultivar. Origin: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, 

Skierniewice, Poland, by E. Zurawicz. Seal x Selva; cross made in 

1990; sel. in 1992; tested as SK-1476 in 1992–97 and as ISS 997 in 


1997–2000. Fruit: the same ripening season as Senga Sengana; large 

size, larger than Senga Sengana and similar to Kent; flavor is very 

good, with a characteristic strawberry aroma; firmness is good; skin is 

glossy and of medium toughness; bright red to red; flesh color is 

uniform, medium red; shape very regular, conical. Plant: short-day; 

good vigor and runner production; yield higher than Senga Sengana 

and Elsanta. Only slightly susceptible to gray mold. High resistance to 

leaf spot, leaf scorch and Verticillium wilt and moderate resistance to 

powdery mildew. Very winter hardy. Good for fresh market, processing, 

and home garden. 

L’Authentique Orléans.—A new June-bearing strawberry cultivar 

for eastern central Canada with high levels of ellagic and gallic 

acids, catechin and epicatechin. Origin: S. Khanizadeh, L. Gauthier, 

J. Cousineau, D. Buszard, and C. Hébert, Agriculture and Agri-Food 

Canada, Les Fraises de l’ Île d’Orleans Inc., McGill Univ., Quebec, 

Canada. AC-L’Acadie x AC-Yamaska; cross made in 1996; tested as 

FIO-9623-55. Fruit: very firm; large; long shelf life; high levels of 

proanthocyanidins, ellagic acid, gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin. 

Plant: vigorous on nonfumigated soils compared with Chandler; high 

yielding. 

Malah.—An early infra short-day cultivar, that is one that initiates 

flower buds under long light regimes at ≈22 °C, for polyethylene 

tunnel production. Origin: State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture, 

Rehovot by E. Izsak and S. Izhar. Dorit x Chandler; patented in 2000; 

USPP 11255. Fruit: large (40 g) primary and medium-large (28 g) 

secondary fruit; biconical shape; firm; orange-red with light red flesh; 

glossy; sweet with low acidity. Plant: dense; medium-strong vigor; 

yield greater than Chandler; ripens 1/3 of its crops in first three months 

of the season vs. 10% for Chandler, although not as large an early crop 

as Tamar; early November ripening; constant fruiting with no cycling. 

Shows no tendency towards fruit malformation in tunnel production. 

Montalvo.—A large-fruited everbearing cultivar of medium-red 

color adapted to late-season production in coastal California areas. 

Origin: A.Q. Amorao, A. Solis, Jr., T.M. Sjulin, J.I. Espejo, Jr. 

Driscoll’s Strawberry Assoc., Inc., Watsonville, Calif. Mr. P. x R1; 

sel. in 1992; patented in 2000; USPP 11522. Fruit: medium-large (19 

g); conic to biconic; primary fruit are more creased and fan-shaped 

than secondary fruit; orange-red with orange flesh; early ripening; 

fruit have medium sweetness and acidity. Plant: day-neutral; early; 

season of harvest is October–December in southern California; open, 

medium dense habit; vigorous; few to medium number runners. 

Moderately resistant to drought and high temperatures; moderately 

susceptible to wind, water logging, T. urticae, Ramularia tulasnei, 

powdery mildew and botrytis fruit rot; susceptible to high pH, high soil 

salt levels, Aphis sp. and verticillium wilt; and resistant to strawberry 

mottle virus and X. fragariae. 

Prelude.—A small fruited June-bearing cultivar with very easy 

calyx removal and good processing qualities. Not the same as the 1980 

release from North Carolina with the same name. Origin: PERNOD 

RICARD, France. Primek x sel.; cross made in 1989; sel. in 1991 and 

tested as 89 J2 145 1; French Plant Patent C.O.V. N° 012271, E.C. 

Plant Patent N° 98/1325. Fruit: small round (5–6 g); firmer than 

Primek and Senga Sengana; good shelf life and shipping quality; caps 

very easily when picked; dark red external color with bright red flesh; 

highly aromatic intense, wild strawberry flavor; good balance sugar/ 

acidity. Processing qualities: frozen product excellent when bulk 

frozen or IQFed; low drip loss on thawing; whole small fruits and 

bright red color are preserved after cooking; used for toppings and in 

confections. Plant: short day; very vigorous; earlier than Senga 

Sengana; upright and open habit; erect flowers trusses; high runner 

production for matted row cultivation; fruits over the canopy; higher 

yield than Primek and Senga Sengana; adapted to temperate climates. 

Resistant to gray mold; partially resistant to Colletotrichum acutatum 

and medium susceptibility to P. cactorum, in glasshouse tests. 

Puget Summer (Schwartze).—A productive, late-season, shortday 

cultivar adapted to the Pacific Northwest North America. Origin: 

Washington State Univ., Puyallup, Wash., by P.P. Moore and C.E. 

Finn. Nanaimo x ORUS 1076-124; cross made in 1993; sel. in 1995; 

tested as WSU 2310; rel. in 1999; USPP 12067; trademarked and 

marketed under the name Puget Summer ® . Fruit: very late-season, 

midpoint of harvest in late June or early July in Puyallup; smooth and 


symmetrically conic; primary fruit large, secondaries and tertiaries 

smaller; fruit held up off ground; excellent fresh flavor. Plant: shortday; 

vigorous; prolific runner production; productive in matted-row 

production; low incidence of pre-harvest fruit rot. Susceptible to 

powdery mildew. 

Rosalyne.—An ornamental strawberry that produces very large, 

showy blooms all summer long on hardy, attractive plants. Origin: 

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticultural Research and Development 

Centre St-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec by S. Khanizadeh, J. 

Cousineau, M. Deschênes, and A. Levasseur. Fern x (SJ9616-1 x Pink 

Panda); cross made in 1994; sel. in 1996 and tested as SJO9620-76. 

Fruit: small-medium size; medium red; moderately firm; excellent 

flavor. Flower: very large (4.3 cm diameter); inflorescences held at 

canopy level; petal surface color variable but paler pink in center with 

darker pink margin. Plant: moderately vigorous, low growing, forms 

a medium density bed; very good runner production. 

Sapphire.—An excellent late-season fresh-market June-bearing 

cultivar for eastern North America. Origin: Univ. of Guelph–Simcoe 

(formerly the Hort. Res. Inst. of Ontario), Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, by 

A. Dale. 319A92 x V7737-2; cross made in 1989, sel. in 1991; tested 

as 53M54; introd. in 2002. Fruit: large; bright; average red external 

and internal color; ripens late-midseason. Plant: yielded consistently 

in trials throughout Ontario; vigorous; winter hardy. Moderately 

resistant to leaf scorch and powdery mildew. Tolerant to herbicide 

terbacil (Sinbar). 

Schwartze.—See Puget Summer. 

Siabelle.—A June-bearing cultivar with excellent processing qualities. 

Origin: PERNOD RICARD, France. Parker x Mimek; cross 

made in 1989; sel. in 1991 and tested as 89 X1 25 2; French Plant Patent 

C.O.V. No. 012272, E.C. Plant Patent No. 98/1326. Fruit: similar in 

size to Senga Sengana (7–8 g); conic; tough skin; very firm flesh; 

excellent shelf life and shipping quality; easy calyx removal; dark red 

external color; uniform dark red flesh color; medium aromatic intensity, 

fresh green flavor; a bit acid; low sugar contents. Processing 

qualities: frozen product excellent when bulk frozen or IQFed; low 

drip loss on thawing; from whole, sliced or cut product, fruit integrity 

and bright red color are well preserved after cooking. Recommended 

for processing uses. Plant: short-day cultivar; earlier than Senga 

Sengana; upright and open habit; erect flowers trusses; very vigorous; 

high runner production for matted row cultivation; similar to or higher 

yield than Senga Sengana under continental to temperate climates. 

Highly resistant to gray mold under warm and rainy conditions; partial 

resistance to C. acutatum; and medium tolerance to P. cactorum, in 

glasshouse tests. 

Tamar.—A very early, infra short-day cultivar, that is one that 

initiates flower buds under long light regimes at ≈22 °C, initiates 

flower buds under long light regimes at ≈22 °C for polyethylene tunnel 

production. Origin: State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture, Rehovot, 

by E. Izsak and S. Izhar. Oso Grande x Dorit.; patented in 1999; USPP 

11135. Fruit: very large (45 g) primary and large (34 g) secondary 

fruit; conical shape, similar to Dorit; medium firmness; red with 

orange-red flesh; glossy; sweet with low acidity. Plant: dense; moderate 

vigor; yield similar to Chandler but with much more of the crop 

ripening in the early season; very early ripening (early November); 

constant fruiting with no cycling. Shows no tendency towards fruit 

malformation in tunnel production. 

Vikat.—A winter-hardy, late-season, short-day cultivar with very 

large fruit and very high yields, Origin: Research Institute of Pomology 

and Floriculture, Skierniewice, Poland, by E. Zurawicz. Vicoda x 

Dukat; cross made in 1990; sel. in 1992; tested as SK-1483 in 1992– 

97 and as ISS 1097 in 1997-2000. Fruit: ripens 2–3 days earlier than 

Pandora or Vicoda; size is very large, average size can exceed 40 g; 

flavor and taste are good; firmness is medium; skin is medium glossy 

and of medium toughness; brownish-red; flesh color is uniform, dark 

red; somewhat irregular, conic shape. Plant: short-day; good vigor, 

but very weak runner production; yield is very high, usually higher 

than in Senga Sengana. Medium susceptibility to gray mold; high 

resistance to leaf spot, leaf scorch; moderate resistance to powdery 

mildew and verticillium wilt. Very winter hardy. Good for fresh 

market, processing and home garden. 

Whonnock.—A productive mid- to late-season June-bearing straw- 

267

erry, adapted for fresh and processing markets in the Pacific Northwest. 

Origin: Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada, by C. Kempler and 

H.A. Daubeny, Pacific Agri-Food Centre, Agassiz of Agriculture and 

Agri-Food Canada. Sumas x Hapil; cross made in 1986, sel. in 1988, 

tested as BC86-22-33 and rel. in 1998. Fruit: larger than Totem; 

conical, irregular and rough in shape; skin medium red, color lighter 

than Totem; flesh medium red; achenes at surface; flavor good; firmer 

than Sumas and Totem; for fresh market and freezing; caps well; ripens 

3–5 days after Totem. Plant: high yields; vigorous; large leaf size; 

good runner production. Resistant to Pacific Northwest races of red 

stele causal organism; tolerant to root weevils; susceptible to powdery 

mildew. 

Yael.—A very early, infra short day cultivar, that is one that 

initiates flower buds under long light regimes at ≈22 °C, for polyethylene 

tunnel production. Origin: State of Israel, Ministry of Agriculture, 

Rehovot by E. Izsak and S. Izhar. Oso Grande x Dorit.; patented 

in 2000; USPP 11183. Fruit: very large (48 g) primary and large (38 

g) secondary fruit; conical shape similar to Dorit; firm; red with 

orange-red flesh; glossy; low acidity, good flavor. Plant: dense; 

vigorous; yield greater than Chandler; ripens 1/3 of its crop in first 3 

months of season vs.

Avifel PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Baeza STRAWBERRY 

Balaton CHERRY—TART 

Banning APPLE 

Barland PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Barnet PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Ben Gairn CURRANT 

Ben Hope CURRANT 

Biscayne STRAWBERRY 

BlackGold CHERRY—SWEET 

Blakeney Red PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Blake’s Pride PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Borgund RASPBERRY 

Bradley NECTARINE 

Brandy PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Butt PEAR—EUROPEAN 

BY520-9 PEACH ROOTSTOCK (Addendum) 

Caiguangue BLACKBERRY 

Cameo APPLE (Addendum) 

Candy Gold NECTARINE 

Candy Sweet NECTARINE 

Captiva STRAWBERRY 

Cara’s Choice BLUEBERRY 

Cashmere CHERRY—SWEET 

Celso 3 TROPICAL FRUIT—MAMEY SAPOTE 

Cepeda Especial TROPICAL FRUIT—MAMEY SAPOTE 

Chanticleer BLUEBERRY 

Chelan CHERRY—SWEET 

Chesapeake BLACKBERRY 

Chickasaw BLACKBERRY (Addendum) 

Christina STRAWBERRY 

Christmas Tree RASPBERRY 

Citria RASPBERRY 

Civero STRAWBERRY 

Claudia RASPBERRY 

Columbia CHERRY—SWEET 

Corail APPLE (Addendum) 

Coral Princess PEACH 

Cowichan RASPBERRY 

Crimson Pearl NECTARINE 

Cripps 2 APPLE 

Cumberland BLUEBERRY 

Danube CHERRY—TART 

Diamond June NECTARINE 

Diamond Muscat GRAPE 

Earlisweet CHERRY—SWEET 

Earlitreat PEACH 

Early Garnet CHERRY—SWEET 

Early King CHERRY—SWEET 

Early Red CHERRY—SWEET 

Emerald BLUEBERRY 

Emily RASPBERRY 

Esta RASPBERRY 

Estacao TROPICAL FRUIT—CANISTEL 

Esther RASPBERRY 

Eve Braeburn APPLE 

Filon STRAWBERRY 

Firm Red CHERRY—SWEET 

Flavor Ann PLUMCOT 

Flavor Gem PLUMCOT 

Flavor Gold PLUMCOT 

Flavor Heart PLUMCOT 

Flavorfall PLUMCOT 

Flavorite PLUMCOT 

Frosta RASPBERRY 

Fundy BLUEBERRY 

Garnet CHERRY—SWEET 

Gazda BLACKBERRY 

GF677 PEACH ROOTSTOCK 

Giant Red CHERRY—SWEET 

Giant Ruby CHERRY—SWEET 


Gin PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Gisela 1 CHERRY—ROOTSTOCK 









Glacier CHERRY—SWEET 

Golden Princess PEACH 

GoldJim PEACH 

Goldnine PEACH 

GoldRush APPLE (Addendum) 

Gradina RASPBERRY 

Grand Candy NECTARINE 

Grand Sweet NECTARINE 

Graudo TROPICAL FRUIT—ABIU 

Guarani BLACKBERRY 

Guardian PEACH ROOTSTOCK (Addendum) 

Gulfbeauty PLUM 

Gulfblaze PLUM 

Gulfprince PEACH 

Gulfrose PLUM 

Hannah’s Choice BLUEBERRY 

Hartland CHERRY (Addendum) 

Hendre Huffcap PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Hitra RASPBERRY 

Honey Rich PLUMCOT 

Honey Royale NECTARINE 

Index CHERRY—SWEET 

Island Prince PEACH 

Ivory Princess PEACH 

Jewel BLUEBERRY 

John W PLUM 

Josephine RASPBERRY 

Jubilee Fuji APPLE (Addendum) 

June Candy NECTARINE 

Kandiyohi GRAPE 

Khaki TROPICAL FRUIT—SAPODILLA 

Kingsburg Cling PEACH 

Krupna Dvorodna RASPBERRY 

Kumeu Crimson Braeburn APPLE 

La Crescent GRAPE 

LaBelle PEACH 

Large Red CHERRY—SWEET 

LaRouge PEACH 

LaSweet PEACH 

Late Garnet CHERRY—SWEET 

L’Authentique Orleans STRAWBERRY 

Liberty Bell CHERRY—SWEET 

Lodi CHERRY—SWEET 

Louise Swenson GRAPE 

Malah STRAWBERRY 

Marianna M40 PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Maru BLUEBERRY 

Melissa GRAPE (Addendum) 

Millennia BLUEBERRY 

Miwang PLUMCOT 

Montalvo STRAWBERRY 

Moon Light PEACH 

Myra Fuji APPLE (Addendum) 

Nacono PECAN 

Neptune GRAPE (Addendum) 

Newfane CHERRY—SWEET 

Nickels PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Olympus CHERRY—SWEET 

Onslow BLUEBERRY 

Paramount PEACH ROOTSTOCK (Addendum) 

Penta PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

269

Petite Jewel GRAPE 

Pinova APPLE (Addendum) 

Podgorina RASPBERRY 

Pokusa RASPBERRY 

Polka RASPBERRY 

Portoviejo TROPICAL FRUIT—ZAPOTE CHUPA 

Prelude STRAWBERRY 

Prima Diamond 19 NECTARINE 

Princess GRAPE (Addendum) 

Pristine APPLE (Addendum) 

Puget Summer STRAWBERRY 

Pumiselect PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Pyrodwarf PEAR ROOTSTOCK (Addendum) 

Rahi BLUEBERRY 

Red TROPICAL FRUIT—MAMEY SAPOTE 

Red Crystal CHERRY—SWEET 

Red Pear PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Regal Pearl NECTARINE 

Regina CHERRY—SWEET 

Rhenus 1 PEAR—ROOTSTOCK (Addendum) 

Rhenus 2 PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Ridgewood CHERRY—SWEET 

Rosalyne STRAWBERRY 

Royal Rainier CHERRY—SWEET 

Royalton CHERRY (Addendum) 

Roygold PEACH 

Ruby Bright NECTARINE 

Ruby CHERRY—SWEET 

Ruvi RASPBERRY 

Sapphire BLUEBERRY 

Sapphire STRAWBERRY 

Scarlet CHERRY—SWEET 

Scarlett GRAPE (Addendum) 

Schwartze STRAWBERRY 

Selma Pete GRAPE 

September Wonder Fuji APPLE (Addendum) 

Siabelle STRAWBERRY 

Sir George PLUM 

Sirio PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Skeena CHERRY (Addendum) 

Snow Gem PEACH 

Snowfall PEACH 

Snyder APPLE 

Somerset CHERRY (Addendum) 

Spring Satin PLUMCOT 

Sprinter PEACH 

Star Light PEACH 

Star RASPBERRY 

Stiora RASPBERRY 

Sugar Time PEACH 

Sugraeighteen GRAPE 

Sugrafifteen GRAPE 

Sugrafourteen GRAPE 

Sugrasixteen GRAPE 

Sumleta Sonata CHERRY (Addendum) 

Summersweet GRAPE 

Sunbest NECTARINE 

Sundowner APPLE 

Sunlit Snow PEACH 

Supechix PEACH 

Surefire CHERRY (Addendum) 

Sutter PLUM 

Sweet Alice PEACH 

Sweet Blaze PEACH 

Tamar STRAWBERRY 

Tambar RASPBERRY 

Taynton Squash PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Tetra PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Thorn PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Tiben CURRANT 

Tieton CHERRY (Addendum) 

270 


Tiny Tim PECAN 

Tisel CURRANT 

Top Export Fuji APPLE 

Torinel PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

Trollhaugen GRAPE 

Tulare Giant PLUM 

Tupi BLACKBERRY 

UF2000 PEACH 

UFDelight PEACH 

UFGold PEACH (Addendum) 

UFO PEACH 

UFQueen NECTARINE 

Ultima Gala APPLE 

USPP 4431 Garnet CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 4436 Ruby CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 8033 Olympus CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 8051 Glacier CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 8477 Sundowner APPLE 

USPP 8545 Chelan CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 8852 Gisela 7 CHERRY—ROOTSTOCK 


USPP 9068 Cameo APPLE (Addendum) 

USPP 9368 Early Red CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9392 GoldRush APPLE (Addendum) 

USPP 9482 Earlitreat PEACH 





USPP 9658 Large Red CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9659 Giant Red CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9723 Scarlet CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9783 Earlisweet CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9787 Red Crystal CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9857 Firm Red CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 9981 Pristine APPLE (Addendum) 

USPP 10292 Honey Rich PLUMCOT 

USPP 10315 UFGold PEACH (Addendum) 

USPP 10326 Early King CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 10459 Index CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 10578 Andy G’s Son CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 10608 Flavor Heart PLUMCOT 

USPP 10790 Royal Rainier CHERRY—SWEET 

USPP 10880 Gulfblaze PLUM 

USPP 10899 Flavor Ann PLUMCOT 

USPP 10915 Flavor Gem PLUMCOT 

USPP 10984 315-80-67 PLUM 

USPP 11034 Hartland CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11061 Yellow #503 PLUM 

USPP 11107 Royalton CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11108 Surefire CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11118 Somerset CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11135 Tamar STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11149 Sir George PLUM 

USPP 11183 Yael STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11193 September Wonder Fuji APPLE (Addendum) 

USPP 11224 Gulfbeauty PLUM 

USPP 11233 Pumiselect PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

USPP 11245 Sugrafourteen GRAPE 

USPP 11255 Malah STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11258 Miwang PLUMCOT 

USPP 11260 Scarlett GRAPE (Addendum) 

USPP 11277 Captiva STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11378 Sumleta Sonata CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11385 Tieton CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11392 Skeena CHERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11403 Marianna M40 PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

USPP 11522 Montalvo STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11530 Regina CHERRY - SWEET 

USPP 11548 Baeza STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11553 Sunlit Snow PEACH 


USPP 11554 Alta Vista STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11555 Civero STRAWBERRY 

USPP 11587 UFQueen NECTARINE 

USPP 11601 Corail APPLE (Addendum) 

USPP 11604 Eve Braeburn APPLE 

USPP 11609 Flavorite PLUMCOT 

USPP 11727 Sugrafifteen GRAPE 

USPP 11749 Sugrasixteen GRAPE 

USPP 11807 Jewel BLUEBERRY 

USPP 11820 Sugraeighteen GRAPE 

USPP 11829 Sapphire BLUEBERRY 

USPP 11861 Chickasaw BLACKBERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11865 Apache BLACKBERRY (Addendum) 

USPP 11990 Flavorfall PLUMCOT 

USPP 12008 Honey Royale NECTARINE 

USPP 12011 Prima Diamond 19 NECTARINE 

USPP 12019 UF2000 PEACH 

USPP 12021 Sprinter PEACH 

USPP 12024 Star Light PEACH 

USPP 12043 Moon Light PEACH 

USPP 12046 Sugar Time PEACH 

USPP 12067 Puget Summer STRAWBERRY 

USPP 12074 Flavor Gold PLUMCOT 

USPP 12083 Sweet Alice PEACH 

USPP 12098 Top Export Fuji APPLE 

USPP 12102 Island Prince PEACH 

USPP 12165 Emerald BLUEBERRY 

USPP 12186 Biscayne STRAWBERRY 

USPP 12188 Nickels PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

USPP 12199 Coral Princess PEACH 

USPP 12205 Ivory Princess PEACH 

USPP 12302 Neptune GRAPE (Addendum) 

USPP 12435 Snow Gem PEACH 

USPP 12568 Snowfall PEACH 

USPP 12630 Sweet Blaze PEACH 

USPP 12631 Supechix PEACH 

USPP 12695 Regal Pearl NECTARINE 

USPP 12702 Candy Sweet NECTARINE 

USPP 12705 Candy Gold NECTARINE 

USPP 12711 Crimson Pearl NECTARINE 

USPP 12739 Kingsburg Cling PEACH 

USPP 12950 June Candy NECTARINE 

USPP 12952 Ruby Bright NECTARINE 

USPP 12954 Grand Sweet NECTARINE 

USPP 12955 Grand Candy NECTARINE 

USPP 12968 Diamond June NECTARINE 

USPP 12974 Golden Princess PEACH 

USPPAF Alapaha BLUEBERRY 

USPPAF Arrington NECTARINE 

USPPAF Bradley NECTARINE 

USPPAF Chesapeake BLACKBERRY 

USPPAF Claudia RASPBERRY 

USPPAF Columbia CHERRY—SWEET 

USPPAF Emily RASPBERRY 

USPPAF Esta RASPBERRY 

USPPAF Gulfprince PEACH 

USPPAF Gulfrose PLUM 

USPPAF Josephine RASPBERRY 

USPPAF Kumeu Crimson Braeburn APPLE 

USPPAF La Crescent GRAPE 

USPPAF Liberty Bell CHERRY—SWEET 

USPPAF Millennia BLUEBERRY 

USPPAF Newfane CHERRY—SWEET 

USPPAF Ridgewood CHERRY—SWEET 

USPPAF Sunbest NECTARINE 

USPPAF Sutter PLUM 

USPPAF Torinel PRUNUS ROOTSTOCK 

USPPAF Tulare Giant PLUM 

USPPAF UFO PEACH 

USPPAF Ultima Gala APPLE 

USPPAF Westbrook NECTARINE 


Varnes RASPBERRY 

Vidal Redondo TROPICAL FRUIT—MAMEY SAPOTE 

Vikat STRAWBERRY 

Westbrook NECTARINE 

WhiteGold CHERRY—SWEET 

Whonnock STRAWBERRY 

Winnal’s Longdon PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Yael STRAWBERRY 

Yellow #503 PLUM 

Yellow Huffcap PEAR—EUROPEAN 

Zesta APPLE (Addendum) 

Zestar! APPLE (Addendum) 

ADDENDA AND REVISIONS TO PREVIOUS LISTS 

APPLE 

Cameo (Caudle).—Updated to show assignment of USPP 9068 

(3 rd edition of book). 

Corail ® (Pi-A 11-24).—Name changed from Pinova and assignment 

of USPP 11601 (List 39). 

GoldRush (Co-op 38).—Updated to show assignment of USPP 

9392 (3 rd edition of book). 

Myra Fuji (Van Leuven).—Updated to show cultivar name (Van 

Leuven) and to correct ripening date from 3–4 weeks before Fuji to 5– 

7 days (List 39). 

Pristine (Co-op 32).—Updated to show assignment of USPP 9981 

(3 rd edition of book). 

September Wonder Fuji (Fiero).—Name changed from Jubilee 

Fuji; assignment of USPP 11193 (List 39). 

Zestar (Mn 1824).—Name changed from Zesta (List 39). 

BLACKBERRY 

Apache.—USPP 11865 issued 8 May 2001 to Univ. of Arkansas 

(List 40). 

Chickasaw.—USPP 11861 issued 8 May 2001 to Univ. of Arkansas 

(List 40). 

CHERRY 

Hartland.—USPP 11034 issued 17 Aug. 1999 (List 36). 

Royalton.—USPP 11107 issued 19 Oct. 1999 (List 36). 

Skeena.—USPP 11392 issued 30 May 2000 (List 39). 

Somerset.—USPP 11118 issued 9 Nov. 1999 (List 36). 

Sumleta Sonata.—USPP 11378 issued 9 May 2000 (List 39). 

Surefire.—USPP 11108 issued 26 Oct 1999 (List 36). 

Tieton .—USPP 11385 issued 16 May 2000 (List 39). 

GRAPE 

Neptune.—USPP 12302 issued 25 Dec. 2001 to the Univ. of 

Arkansas (List 40). 

Princess.—Released in 1999 and named Melissa but now renamed 

Princess in 2001 because of a trademark conflict (List 40). 

Scarlett.—USPP 11260 issued 7 Mar. 2000 to Univ. of Georgia 

Research Foundation, Inc. (List 40) 

PEACH 

UFGold.—USPP 10315 issued. (Fruit Var. J. 51:76–77) (List 39). 

PEACH—ROOTSTOCK 

Paramount.—Market name adopted for GF677 (List 35). 

Guardian .—Market name adopted for BY520-9. Plant Variety 

Protection PVP 9400013 issued June 14, 2001 (List 37). 

271

272 

PEAR—ROOTSTOCK 

Rhenus 1 (Pyrodwarf).—USPP 11041 issued 24 Aug. 1999 to 

Helmut B. Jacob, Geisenheim, Germany (List 39). 

PREVIOUS LISTS 

List 40 in HortScience 35(5):812–826 (2000). 






List 35 and earlier lists are included in The Brooks and Olmo 

Register of Fruit & Nut Varieties, 3rd ed. (1997), ASHS Press. This 

book also contains a few previously undescribed varieties which later 

appeared in Lists 36–41. 

MASTER INDEX 

A complete index of varieties in Lists 36–41 will be available at the 

ASHS and American Pomological Society web sites

Fresh Produce Colloq. - American Pomological Society

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